... Rao, C.R., Effects of estimated noise covariance matrix in optimal signal detection,IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ASSP-35(5), 671–679,May 1987.[21] Cai, L.andWang, ... algorithm, Proc. Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets, SPIE Proc. Series, Vol. 1305, Paper 16, 180–192, Orlando,FL, April 16-18, 1990.[27] Wang, H. and Cai, L., On adaptive multiband signal detection ... servesc1999 by CRC Press LLC Space-TimeAdaptiveProcessingforAirborneSurveillanceRadarHongWangSyracuseUniversity70.1MainReceiveApertureandAnalogBeamforming70.2DatatobeProcessed70.3TheProcessingNeedsandMajorIssues70.4TemporalDOFReduction70.5AdaptiveFilteringwithNeededandSample-SupportableDOFandEmbeddedCFARProcessing70.6Scan-To-ScanTrack-Before-DetectProcessing70.7Real-TimeNonhomogeneityDetectionandSampleConditioningandSelection70.8SpaceorSpace-RangeAdaptivePre-SuppressionofJammers70.9ASTAPExamplewithaRevisittoAnalogBeamforming70.10SummaryReferencesSpace-TimeAdaptiveProcessing(STAP)isamulti-dimensionalfilteringtechniquedevelopedforminimizingtheeffectsofvariouskindsofinterferenceontargetdetectionwithapulsedairbornesurveillanceradar.Themostcommondimensions,orfilteringdomains,generallyincludetheaz-imuthangle,elevationangle,polarizationangle,dopplerfrequency,etc.inwhichtherelativelyweaktargetsignaltobedetectedandtheinterferencehavecertaindifferences.Inthefollowing,theSTAPprinciplewillbeillustratedforfilteringinthejointazimuthangle(space)anddopplerfrequency(time)domainonly.STAPhasbeenaveryactiveresearchanddevelopmentareasincethepublicationofReedetal.’sseminalpaper[1].WiththerecentlycompletedMultichannelAirborneRadarMeasurementproject(MCARM)[2]–[5],STAPhasbeenestablishedasavaluablealternativetothetraditionalapproaches,suchasultra-lowsidelobebeamformingandDisplacedPhaseCenterAntenna(DPCA)[6].MuchofSTAPresearchanddevelopmenteffortshavebeendrivenbytheneedstomakethesystemaffordable,tosimplifyitsfront-hardwarecalibration,andtominimizethesystem’sperformancelossinseverelynonhomogeneousenvironments.Figure70.1isageneralconfigurationofSTAPfunctionalblocks[5,7]whoseprincipleswillbediscussedinthefollowingsections.c1999byCRCPressLLC...
... IntroductionandMotivationThischapterreviewstheapplicationsofantennaarraysignalprocessingtomobilenetworks.Cellularnetworksarerapidlygrowingaroundtheworldandanumberofemergingtechnologiesareseentobecriticaltotheirimprovedeconomicsandperformance.Amongtheseistheuseofmultipleantennasandspatialsignalprocessingatthebasestation.ThistechnologyisreferredtoasSmartAntennasor,moreaccurately,asSpace-TimeProcessing(STP).STPreferstoprocessingtheantennaoutputsinbothspaceandtimetomaximizesignalquality.Acellulararchitectureisusedinanumberofmobile/portablecommunicationsapplications.Cellsizesmayrangefromlargemacrocells,whichservehighspeedmobiles,tosmallermicrocellsorverysmallpicocells,whicharedesignedforoutdoorandindoorapplications.Eachoftheseoffersdifferentchannelcharacteristicsand,therefore,posesdifferentchallengesforSTP.Likewise,differentservicedeliverygoalssuchasgradeofserviceandtypeofservice:voice,data,orvideo,alsoneedspecicSTPsolutions.STPprovidesthreeprocessingleverages.Therstisarraygain.Multipleantennascapturemoresignalenergy,whichcanbecombinedtoimprovethesignal-to-noiseratio(SNR).Nextisspatialdiversitytocombatspace-selectivefading.Finally,STPcanreduceco-channel,adjacentchannel,andinter-symbolinterference.Theorganizationofthischapterisasfollows.InSection68.2,wedescribethevectorchannelmodelforabasestationantennaarray.InSection68.3wediscussthealgorithmsforSTP.Section68.4outlinestheapplicationsofSTPincellularnetworks.Finally,weconcludewithasummaryinSection68.5.c1999byCRCPressLLC ... the blindidentification of multichannel FIR filters,IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1995.[29] Orfanidis, S.J.,Optimal SignalProcessing – An Introduction,Macmillan Publishing Co., NewYork, ... constantmodulus signals: a bilinear approach, inProc. VII European SignalProcessing Conference,Edinburgh, Scotland, Sept. 13-16, 1994.[33] Porat, B. and Friedlander, B., Blind equalization of digital...
... computation further by extending this concept to the signal subspace [8]. By sphericalizing and deflating both the signal and the noise subspaces, the cost of tracking the r dimensional signal (or noise) ... a Signal Eigenstructure (SE)update because only the dominant r signal eigencomponents are tracked. This case is equivalentto that described by Schreiber [37] and an SVD version is given by ... by CRC Press LLC R. D. De Groat, et. Al. “Subspace Tracking.”2000 CRC Press LLC. <http://www.engnetbase.com>. is bounded by a constant, assuming no significant errors are introduced by...
... .(23.14)c1999 by CRC Press LLC Williamson, G.A. “Adaptive IIR Filters” Digital SignalProcessing HandbookEd. Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas B. WilliamsBoca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999c1999byCRCPressLLC ... systems,IEEETrans. Signal Processing, 41(2), 617–628, 1993.[14] Lin, J N. and Unbehauen, R., Bias-remedy least mean square equation error algorithm for IIRparameter recursive estimation,IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, 40(1), ... Trans. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, 38(7), 1222–1227,1990.[17] Regalia, P.A., Stable and efficient latticealgorithms for adaptive IIR filtering,IEEE Trans .Signal Processing, 40(2), 375–388,...
... ea(i) by à(i) beforeltering it by the lter F and then scaling the result by à(i)/à(i). Similarly, the termà(i) v(i)is rst divided by à(i), then ltered by F, and is nally scaled by à(i)/à(i).FIGURE ... Ling, F., and Nikias, C.L.,Advanced DigitalSignal Processing ,Macmillan Publishing, New York, 1992.[3] Widrow, B. and Stearns, S.D.,Adaptive Signal Processing , Prentice-Hall, Englewood ... of the input sequence uic1999 by CRC Press LLC This relation establishes a lossless map (denoted by Ti) from the signals {wi1,à(i) r(i)} tothe signals {wi,à(i) ea(i)}. Correspondingly,...
... steps:c1999 by CRC Press LLC [7] Djuri´c, P.M. and Li, H T., Bayesian spectrum estimation of harmonic signals, Signal Process.Lett.,Vol. 2, pp. 213–215, 1995.[8] Hayes, M.S.,Statistical DigitalSignal ... =1λiN−1n=0x[n]wi[n]e−j2πf n2(14.70)c1999 by CRC Press LLC Djuric, P.M. & Kay S.M. “Spectrum Estimation and Modeling” Digital SignalProcessing HandbookEd. Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas ... if∞n=−∞|g[n]| < ∞ .(14.8)The signal {g[n]} can be determined from G(f ) by the inverse DTFT defined by g[n]=10G(f )ej2πf ndf(14.9)which means that the signal {g[n]} can be represented...
... Temporal Signals in Gaussian Noise Signal Detection: Known Gainsã Signal Detection: UnknownGainsã Signal Detection: Random Gainsã Signal Detection:Single Signal 13.6 Spatio-Temporal SignalsDetection: ... 13.4.c1999 by CRC Press LLC Hero, A. Signal Detection and Classification” Digital SignalProcessing HandbookEd. Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas B. WilliamsBoca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999c1999byCRCPressLLC ... waveform. Signal detection algo-rithms decide whether the waveform consists of “noise alone” or signal masked by noise.” Signal classification algorithms decide whether a detected signal belongs...
... full refund.The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing Second Edition by Steven W. Smithcopyright â 1997-1999 by California Technical PublishingAll rights reserved. ... 1Telecommunications 4Audio Processing 5Echo Location 7Imaging Processing 9Chapter 2. Statistics, Probability and Noise 11 Signal and Graph Terminology 11Mean and Standard Deviation 13 Signal vs. Underlying ... 80Execution Speed: Programming Tips 84 The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing Second Edition by Steven W. SmithCalifornia Technical PublishingSan Diego, California xiAnother...
... are the advantages of digitalsignalprocessing insteadof analog signal processing, even though digitalsignalprocessing requires morecircuits compared to analog signal processing? x(n)y(n)z−1z−1z−1ΣΣΣΣFigure ... can be considered a bandlimited signal. It is this signal thatis sampled and converted to a discrete-time signal and coded to a digital signal by the analog-to -digital converter (ADC) that was ... [3].Hence digitalsignalprocessing is restricted to approximately one megahertz,and analog signal processors are necessary for processing signals above thatfrequency, for example, processing...
... Application of DigitalSignal Processing, Prentice-Hall, 1975.9. E. C. Ifeachor and B. W. Jervis, DigitalSignal Processing, Prentice-Hall, 2002.10. V. K. Ingle and J. G. Proakis, DigitalSignalProcessing ... theory of digitalsignalprocessing (DSP) and implementation ofthe theory by devices embedded in what are known as digitalsignal processors(DSPs). Of course, the theory of digitalsignalprocessing ... signals were con-verted to sampled data signals by these filters and the signalprocessing wastreated as analog signal processing. But later, the signals were transitioned asdiscrete-time signals,...