design of municipal wastewater treatment plant pdf

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2015, 10:30

... early design phase of a treatment plant, it is important to establish the hydraulic grade line across the plant because both the proper selection of the plant site elevation and the suitability of ... maintaining water /wastewater flow is at the heart of any treatment process, clearly, it is the measurement of flow that is essential to ensuring the proper operation of a water /wastewater treatment system. Few ... is used to designate water pressure in terms of the height of a column of water in feet. For exam- ple, a 10-ft column of water exerts 4.3 psi. This can be called 4.3-psi pressure or 10 ft of head. ...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... capacity of pipelines and the efficiency of heat transfer in boilers. Corrosion is the oxidation of unprotected metal sur- faces. Of particular concern, in water treatment, is the corrosion of iron ... ______. 10.20. What type of substance produces hydroxide ions (OH ) in water? â 2003 by CRC Press LLC 294 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations the weight of matter accordingly ... has an atomic weight of one because of the single proton. The atomic weight of an element is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of an element. In order...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... aquatic plant. The second option would be to study all of the trout, all of the insects of each specific kind, and all of a certain aquatic plant type in the stream or pond at the time of the study. ... transpiration, plants still lose water to the atmosphere during the exchange of gases necessary for photosynthesis. â 2003 by CRC Press LLC 336 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant ... diversity of species in an ecosystem is often a good indicator of the presence of pollution. The greater the diversity, the lower the degree of pollution. The biotic index is a systematic survey of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... the presence or absence of certain organisms. The absence of these organisms must be a function of â 2003 by CRC Press LLC 422 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations in proportion ... level of ammonia or nitrate in surface water is typically low (less than 1 mg/L); in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants, it can range up to 30 mg/L. Conventional potable water treatment plants ... rate of sedimentation of a stream; it measures only the amount of light that is scattered by suspended particles. Measure- ment of total solids is a more direct measurement of the amount of material...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

... purpose of wastewater treatment has been to protect the health and well being of our communities. Water and wastewater treatment operations have accomplished this goal by (1) prevention of disease ... Problems References Chapter 1 8Wastewater Treatment 18. 1Wastewater Operators 18.1.1The Wastewater Treatment Process: The Model 18. 2Wastewater Terminology and Deịnitions 18.2.1Terminology and Deịnitions 18.3Measuring Plant ... Hours 18.4.3Detention Time in Minutes 18. 5Wastewater Sources and Characteristics 18.5. 1Wastewater Sources 18.5.1.1Generation of Wastewater 18.5.2Classiịcation of Wastewater 18.5. 3Wastewater Characteristics 18.5.3.1Physical...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 11:46

... of the high standard of urban drainage sys- tem and the permanent development of wastewater treatment technology in municipal sewage treatment plants [STPs], the quality of receiving waters has ... Impact of precipitation on wastewater flow. Summary of the relationship between the daily amount of precipitation in the area of Trier and the wastewater flow per day in the influent of the STP ... 4 Toxicity of single wastewater fractions. Summary of the toxicity pattern of several fractions of raw (black) and treated (light gray) wastewater with particular emphasis on the wastewater flow...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... role of the federal government in water pollution control and significantly increased federal fund- ing for construction of wastewater treatment plants. Many of the wastewater treatment plants ... the wastewater produced? Wastewater is treated via the multiple-barrier treatment train, which is the combination of unit processes used in the system. The primary mission of the wastewater treatment ... Principles of Water Hydraulics 7.4.1Weight of Air 7.4.2Weight of Water 7.4.3Weight of Water Related to the Weight of Air 7.4.4Water at Rest â 2003 by CRC Press LLC a paradigm shift represents “a profound...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... modern water and wastewater treatment plants operators are required to perform skilled treatment plant operations work and to monitor, operate, adjust and regulate a computer-based treatment process. ... adequately pretreated and will not damage municipal treatment facil- ities. Municipal water treatment plants also must meet stringent drinking water standards. This often means that additional qualified ... temporary loss of electrical power and large amounts of liquid waste flow into sewers, exceeding a plant s treatment capacity. Emergencies can also be caused by conditions inside a plant, such as...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... surface L = channel length D = depth of water and wastewater Problem: Determine the volume of wastewater (in gallons) in a section of trapezoidal channel when the wastewater depth is 5 ft. Given: ... BOD contribution of a discharger is known, the loading placed upon the wastewater treatment system in terms of equivalent number of people can be determined. The BOD contribution of a person is ... weight of a gallon of liquid chemical. (4.27) EXAMPLE 4.64 Problem: The label states of the chemical states that the contents of the bottle have a specific gravity of 1.4515. What is the weight of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... current of a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of the currents of the individual branches of the circuit. 4. The total resistance of a parallel circuit is equal to the reciprocal of the sum of ... that are made of different metals. For example, determining the resistance of a cir- cular-mil-foot of each of the substances may make a basis of comparison of the resistivity of various substances. Note: ... resistance and size of one conductor with another. The unit of linear measurement used is (in regards to diameter of a piece of wire) the mil (0.001 of an inch). A convenient unit of wire length used...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... example, the initial design of a conventional water treatment plant. Most conventional water treatment plants required 16 to 17 ft of headloss across the plant. This means that a difference of 16 to 17 ... by CRC Press LLC 186 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations wastewater industries. Pumps of this type are capable of moving high volumes of water in a relatively efficient manner. ... type of treatment plant. The ideal plant site will have a 3 to 5% one-way slope and a ground elevation that satisfies the necessary elevations. 2 The importance of a water or wastewater treatment plant s...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... Press LLC 262 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations 8.6.4.1.1.7 Other Types of Nonmetallic Hoses Hoses are also made of other nonmetallic materials, many of them nonreinforced. ... pipe is composed of a mixture of Portland cement and asbestos fiber, which is built up on a rotating steel â 2003 by CRC Press LLC 270 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations surface ... of foreign substances such as dirt, oil, grease, and oxide. â 2003 by CRC Press LLC 278 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations Temperature has been defined in a variety of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... by CRC Press LLC 288 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations In another type of measuring device, the problem might be indicative of grease buildup on magnetic meter ... used to obtain the depth of flow a w = water application; ww = wastestream application Source: Adapted from Qasim, S.R., Wastewater Treatment Plants: Planning, Design, and Operation ... Qasim, S.R., Wastewater Treatment Plants: Plan- ning, Design, and Operation, Technomic Publ., Lan- caster, PA, 1994, p. 226. â 2003 by CRC Press LLC Flow Measurement Water is the best of all...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... in acidic waters. Many of the important properties of wastewater are due to the presence of weak acids and bases and their salts. The wastewater treatment process is made up of several different ... constituent of waste- water. It is primarily present in the form of phosphates — the salts of phosphoric acid. Municipal wastewaters may contain 10 to 20 mg/L of phosphorus, much of which comes ... health. The goal of this early wastewater treatment program was to remove suspended and oatable â 2003 by CRC Press LLC 376 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations ...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... typically con- structed of local materials with an impermeable clay core. â 2003 by CRC Press LLC 446 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations areas of possible contamination, ... quality of the existing water supply. Surface water is also generally softer (not mineral-laden), which makes its treatment much simpler. â 2003 by CRC Press LLC 442 Handbook of Water and Wastewater ... supply in many locations. â 2003 by CRC Press LLC 444 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations Almost half of the people in the U.S. drink public water from groundwater supplies....

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22