delay loss and throughput in packet switched networks

... Systems, Inc Cisco Confidential 04/02/2000 Pipelining Delay in the Packetization Process Though each voice sample experiences both Algorithmic delay and Packetization delay, the processes overlap and ... Pipelining and Packetization The top line of the figure depicts a sample voice waveform and the second line is a time scale in 10 ms increments At T0, the CS-ACELP algorithm begins collecting ... from propagation delays on the trunks within the network, and variable delays are from queuing delays clocking frames into and out of intermediate switches To estimate propagation delay, a popular...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 14:16

... transmitted during that time as shown in Figure Since in practical scenarios the interference probability 1, the probability of having two interfering packets qi arriving during the packet transmission ... by running a sliding window over data and calculating the best parameter of the underlying geometric distribution for all the data points within that window Choosing a relatively small window ... state (during the packet transmission time of interfering nodes) and idle(OFF) state as shown in Figure The durations of these busy and idle intervals are random variables determining the traffic...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... fibres and irreversible neurological damage such as burning and tingling of the hands and feet (parasthesia), dementia, glossitis and chelosis Low vitamin B12 is also an independent risk factor in ... vomiting Diarrhoea Weight loss Loss of appetite Phenytoin Folate Potassium Magnesium Calcium Vitamin B12 Biotin Vitamin K Vitamin D Nausea and vomiting Constipation Weight gain Loss of appetite Altered ... Weight loss Loss of appetite Altered taste Pantoprazole Calcium Iron Osteoporosis Nausea and vomiting Constipation and diarrhoea Digoxin Potassium Magnesium Calcium Thiamine Nausea and vomiting...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... to a single state point To avoid degeneracy, we apply resampling, consisting in eliminating particles with low importance weights and replicating those in high-probability regions [45, 46] In this ... 0.1 · I4 hereinafter according to measurement campaign processing Finally, T denotes the sampling period in (6) In (6) we have accounted for external information other than ranging In particular, ... Mahonen, Combining Particle Filtering with Cricket System for Indoor Localization and Tracking Services Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2007, in PIMRC 2007 IEEE 18th International...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... is generally constrained by both W1 and W2 Since W1 and W2 are orthogonal, TH(i, Ng ) can be obtained by computing the throughput constrained by W1 and the throughput constrained by W2 separately, ... where c1 and c2 are some constants between and Generally, throughput of a mesh client should be obtained as the sum of uplink throughput and downlink throughput Choosing the value of c1 and c2 ... Obtaining the optimal sharing efficiecy on gateways 3.2 Sharing Efficiency of Gateways Two gateways interfere with each other if they are within the distance of Int Dhops Int D is defined as Interfering...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 18:20

... is twice the capacity gain obtained in single-cell OFDM As discussed EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 3.2 α-OFDM outage capacity gain under intercell interference SNR= 15 dB, ... nonoverlapping bands In our particular example, we use a 136-DFT for a signal occupying the central 72-subcarrier band The gain of α-LTE lies in outage BER and also, at a low-to-medium SNR, in outage ... is in outage and the channels to the interferers in adjacent cells are strong Using αOFDM in its own cell, not only will the terminal diversify its own channel but it will also face different interference...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... p in (7), ain p aimq in (10) and (11), and ain p ,mq un p ,mq in (20) are nonlinear Even relaxing the binary constraints of (3) and (14), the problem is still nonconvex So the above programming ... call the links in E physical links and the links in E logical links The logical link (n p , mq ) will exist in the final logical topology after spectrum allocation if and only if the pth interface ... Zhang, “Interference-aware topology control and QoS routing in multi-channel wireless mesh networks, ” in Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... to a single state point To avoid degeneracy, we apply resampling, consisting in eliminating particles with low importance weights and replicating those in high-probability regions [45, 46] In this ... 0.1 · I4 hereinafter according to measurement campaign processing Finally, T denotes the sampling period in (6) In (6) we have accounted for external information other than ranging In particular, ... Mahonen, Combining Particle Filtering with Cricket System for Indoor Localization and Tracking Services Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2007, in PIMRC 2007 IEEE 18th International...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... by using different rejection thresholds for new and handoff calls In the second implementation, both new and handoff calls can be downgraded to accommodate an incoming new (or handoff) call In this ... Communications and Networking The nonnegative integer mi, j denotes the number of ongoing new class-i calls in RAT- j, and the nonnegative integer ni, j denotes the number of ongoing handoff class-i calls in ... adapting the bandwidth of existing call an (or ah ) = − j means accept the new class-i i i (or handoff class-i) call into RAT- j after adapting (degrading) the bandwidth of existing call(s) In the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... bandwidth in each frame thus resulting in a deterministic allocation of the available bandwidth Note that an idle inlet leaves the corresponding slot idle, thus wasting bandwidth in STM The link ... to all of them I am deeply indebted to Professor Maurizio Decina for inspiring interest and passion in the study of switching theory and for his continual confidence in me Without him this book ... Single Plane and Internal Queueing 6.2.1 Input queueing 6.2.2 Output queueing 6.2.3 Shared queueing 6.2.4 Performance Networks with Unbuffered Parallel Switching...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... obtain RNB and SNB networks Sorting networks play a key role as well in high-speed packet switching, since the RNB network class includes also those structures obtained by cascading a sorting ... to network B by moving its matrices, and correspondingly its attached links It is worth noting that relabelling the inlets and outlets of network A means adding a proper inlet and outlet permutation ... between Φ and Ω can be obtained from Figure 2.18c and is given in Figure 2.18e The inlet and outlet mappings are those shown in Figure 2.18d and they apparently consist in the permutations ρ and j...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... Multistage Networks increasing (decreasing) sorting of a bitonic sequence Thus both down- and up-sorters are used in this network: the former in the mergers for increasing sorting, the latter in the ... Reverse Baseline with example of self-routing The self-routing rule for the examined topologies for a packet entering a generic network inlet and addressing a specific network outlet is shown in Table ... decreasing sorting On the other hand if the sorting network is built using an odd–even merge sorter, the network only includes down-sorters (up-sorters), if an increasing (decreasing) sorting sequence...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... self-routing tag that is the juxtaposition of the network destination address (DA) and of a routing index (RI) Both fields RI and DA carry an integer, the former in the interval [ 0, K – ] and coded ... used in the k'-stage binary trees and field DA in the banyan networks In fact the packets addressing the same banyan network emerge on adjacent sorting network outlets (they have the same RI) and ... non-blocking network, in which sorting and routing functions are implemented by a Batcher network and an n-cube (or Omega) network This non-blocking network includes an overall number s of sorting/...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... exploiting the principle of deflection routing; output queueing (OQ) is basically adopted; • non-blocking IN with single queueing: the interconnection network is internally non-blocking and IN queueing ... is in the space domain or in the time domain In the former case additional internal links must connect any couple of SEs interfaced by interstage links In the latter case the interstage links ... 168 ATM Switching with Minimum-Depth Blocking Networks Providing external queueing when replicating unbuffered banyan networks, so that multi- ple packets addressing the same destination can be...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... Switching with Non-Blocking Single-Queueing Networks A large class of ATM switches is represented by those architectures using a non-blocking interconnection network In principle a non-blocking interconnection ... winner (RW), where the conflict winner is selected random, top winner (TW) and bottom winner (BW), in which the conflict winner is always the packet received on the top (0) and bottom (1) SE inlet, ... achieving a combined input–output queueing1 Input and output queues reside in the input (IPC) and output (OPC) port controller, respectively, where all the other functions related to the interface...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... Switching with Non-Blocking Single-Queueing Networks Since W cycles must be completed in a time period equal to the transmission time of a data packet, then the minimum bit rate on networks SN2 and ... Switching with Non-Blocking Single-Queueing Networks [Gup93] A.K Gupta, L.O Barbosa, N.D Georganas, “Switching modules for ATM switching systems and their interconnection networks , Comput Networks ... schemes, local and global, for selecting the winner packets of the output contention in an ATM switch with input queueing and channel grouping give the same asymptotic throughput, as is shown in Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... ATM Switching with Non-Blocking Multiple-Queueing Networks mechanism makes effective, especially at low loads and with greater than minimal input queue sizes, a kind of sharing of input and output ... accomplishing an input speed-up K i = K since up to K i packets received on a switch inlet can be switched in a slot (one per plane) As in the previous case of shared input queueing with input speed-up, ... Queueing The windowing technique, described in Section 7.1.3.2 and aimed at reducing the throughput limitation due to the HOL blocking, can be applied in principle also when multiple switching...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... Switching with Arbitrary-Depth Blocking Networks We have seen in Chapter how an ATM switch can be built using an interconnection network with “minimum” depth, in which all packets cross the minimum ... use of banyan networks The basic idea behind this new class of switching fabrics is that packet loss events that would occur owing to multiple packets requiring the same interstage links are avoided ... avoided by deflecting packets onto unrequested output links of the switching element Therefore, the packet loss performance is controlled by providing several paths between any inlet and outlet of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... combinatorial power 73 combined input-output queueing 212, 241, 275, 283, 284, 315, 332, 333 combined input-shared queueing 283, 324, 325, 332 combined shared-output queueing 283, 317 combiner ... Problems 9.1 Find the routing algorithm for an ATM switch using deflection routing derived from the Rerouting switch The interconnection network of this switch is built cascading Baseline networks ... 9.3, 9.4 and 9.6 of Shuffleout simplify into Equations 9.9 and 9.11 of Shuffle Self-Routing 9.7 Find the minimum number of stages in the Shuffleout switch 16 × 16 that makes null the packet loss probability...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... communication and beyond, integration and intercommunication of existing and future networks is not a far-sighted envision In recent years, different types of networks, like self-organizing ah hoc networks, ... Abstract Innovative Approaches to Spectrum Selection, Sensing, and Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks In a cognitive radio network (CRN), bands of a spectrum are shared by licensed (primary) and ... Innovative Approaches to Spectrum Selection, Sensing, and Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks by Chittabrata Ghosh B.Tech (Kalyani University, India) 2000 M.S (Indian Institute of...

Ngày tải lên: 30/10/2014, 20:09