... Joint and conditional estimation of tagging and parsing models. In Proc. of ACL.D. Klein and C. D. Manning. 2002. Conditional structure vs.conditional estimation in NLP models. In Proc. of EMNLP.J. ... minimization of (w) as a way of training a log-linear model.4 Algorithms for Modelsof Sequences and TreesWe discuss here some implementation aspects of theapplication of M-estimation to NLP models. 4.1 ... IntroductionLog-linear models are a very popular tool in naturallanguage processing, and are often lauded for per-mitting the use of “arbitrary” and “correlated” fea-tures of the data by a model. Users of log-linearmodels...
... the probability of this dependency can only be estimated from occur-rences of the same construction, since dependency relations are defined in terms of local trees and notin terms of the underlying ... betweenthe dependency relations of Hij and geeft in thefirst sentence, bloem and geeft in the second sen-tence and politieman and geeft in the third sentence.Even with the indices, either the dependency ... mod-els on section 23 in terms of the accuracy of lexicalcategories, Parseval scores, and in terms of the re-covery of word-word dependencies in the predicate-argument structure. Here, results are...
... derivation of a sequence of left dependents of u, we redefine the right-hand side of Lpu\L1vas 1lv, L1w Lqu\L1w and include the production 1lv, L1w →1lvL1win the set of ... that governs both v and w, and wprecedes v. To encode the linear relationship be-tween w and v, we redefine the right-hand side of Rpu/R1vas Rqu/R1wR1w, 1rv and include the pro-duction ... massivelexicalisation ofdependencymodels might not benecessary to achieve competitive performance. Fu-ture work will lie in investigating the issue of lex-icalisation in the context ofdependency parsing...
... com-plement span of any node n to each of its children, and for each of them, add the span of the childto the complement span of all other children. Inanother traversal of G, we determine ... ex-traction and derivation building algorithm.963lhs1: NP-C(x0:NPB PP(IN (of) x1:NP-C)) (NP -of- NP)lhs2: PP(IN (of) NP-C(x0:NPB PP(IN (of) NP-C(x1:NPB x2:VP)))) (of- NP -of- NP-VP)lhs3: ... possible ways of attaching to constituents of π: besides the highest attachment (rule (f)),can move along the ancestors of France, since it isto the right of the translation of that word, and beconsidered...
... set of features: the article before; the POS before and after; the preposition before and after, and the syntactic category before and after the word be-ing labeled. The features used in both of ... The set of predicates query member-ship of all levels of the taxonomy for all WordNetsenses of the word being tagged. An example of one such predicate is shown in the figure.Only 63% of running ... strong im-provements in overall system accuracy: dependency knowledge improved perfor-mance over all classes of word, and knowl-edge of the position of a word in an on-tological hierarchy increased...
... between twovery different kinds of probabilistic models; LDA models of the kind used for topic modelling, and PCFGs, which are a standard model of hierarchi-cal structure in language. The embedding ... LDAtopic modelsand PCFG-style grammars. We jus-tified this claim by presenting several hybrid mod-els that combine aspects of both topic models and 1155Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of ... 2009).Here we present an adaptor grammar based onthe insights of the PCFG encoding of LDA topic models that learns some of the structureof propernames. The key idea is that elements in propernames...
... soundness and completeness of model structure together with the plausibility and correctness of the model behaviour”. The process of establishing the validity of the model structureand model ... years of experience, source of knowledge and level of interest of expert i on a certain set of questions, respectively. Their values are in the range between zero and two. The result of Eq. ... (Stephens and Hess, 1999; Turner, 2000; De Kok and Wind, 2002). These studies are often involved with the design and application of a number of Integrated Systems Models (ISMs). These models are...
... spectralintegralsoftheprotonsoftheAGUandthemethylprotonsofthepropionylmoietycan be applied to calculate both the partial and the overall DS values of the acetateby means of Eqs. (8.2) and (8.3).Fig. ... and back-titration of the excess base is one of the oldest and easiestmethods for the determination of the DS. In the case of short-chain aliphaticesters (C2–C4) of glucans, galactans and ... the structure determination of cellulose acetate by FAB-MS after per-methylation, perdeuteromethylation and random cleavageWithin the scope of this chapter, the analysis of the distribution of...
... thecase of pregnancy, if a woman consents to the eVects of the fetus, we have anexample of the symbiotic ideal of mother and child that cultures so oftenidealize. However, given the quality and ... woman and a fetus.There is much to value, of course, in locating the abortion decision withinthe framework of women’s traditional roles, and such a portrayal of theabortion decision as part and ... withhomicide of the inhabitants of the farm house, he can rightly point out that the object of the law of homicide is to save life, and that by his conduct he has eVected a netsaving of innocent...