conversion of any amino acid into alanine glutamate or aspartate

Ngày tải lên: 28/08/2014, 10:22

... modulation of GS by NO Activity of the GS could be involved in the regulation of concentration of glutamate in the extra-cellular space of neurons with other systems, astroglial glutamate transporter-I ... (EC 3.5.3.1) for production of ornithine Co-induction of AS, cationic amino acid transporter-2, and NOS in activated murine microglial cells (19) and co-induction of inducible NOS and arginine ... nanomol of NOx /g wet weight of tissue y Concentration expressed as nanomol of uric acid equivalent / g wet weight of tissue z Concentration expressed as nanomoles of MDA equivalent / g wet weight of...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:07

... free of charge Fig Phser branch-point in the aspartate- derived amino acid biosynthetic pathway in plants In plants and microorganisms, aspartate serves as a precursor for the synthesis of lysine, ... 270) the aspartate- derived amino- acids pathway and aromatic amino- acids pathway in plant and in microorganisms are such that ux coordination could also be obtained The distribution of the carbon ... absence and presence of a saturating concentration of AdoMet, respectively K1K2 is the product of the binding constants for the association of the rst and the second molecule of AdoMet with the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... utilization of glutamine This observation also implies that there is no effect of GTP on the rate of phosphorylation of UTP by CTP synthase, as kcat for CTP synthesis with NH4Cl as amino donor is similar ... numbers for the enzyme in the absence of or fully saturated with the activator, respectively GTP inhibition of the ammonia dependent CTP synthesis reaction for DON labeled CTP synthase was performed ... BioSoft) RESULTS Steady state kinetics using ITC The use of a calorimetric assay for the study of the L lactis CTP synthase proved very useful, since a complete saturation curve for glutamine or...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 15:20

... sequences encoding 10 extra amino acids were inserted into rfc2-K1 to create rfc2K1a and sequences encoding 20 extra amino acids into rfc2-K11 to create rfc2-K11a (see Table for details) Combining ... addition of sequences encoding a additional or 10 amino acids (see Table for details) did not disrupt Rfc2 function either Mapping the insertions onto the structure of Rfc2: insertions into the ... respectively), or in the five-strand parallel b sheet at the core of Rfc2 By contrast, nonlethal mutations map predominantly to loop regions or to the outer surface of the RFC complex, often in highly...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... introduced into the coding sequence of the dmdR1 and adm genes (A) Organization of the ORFs in the S coelicolor A3(2) DNA region corresponding to the dmdR1 gene Note the antiparallel organization of ... absence of iron (compare Fig 5A,B) DmdR1 is known to be the major iron regulator in S coelicolor A3(2), acting as a repressor in presence of iron A Fig HPLC analyses of the formation of desferrioxamines ... regulator of desferrioxamine biosynthesis in the presence of iron Lack of DmdR1 or deprivation of iron leads to deregulated (constitutive) formation of desferrioxamines However, expression of adm...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... phase for the onset of GFP fluorescence was drastically reduced to only h, which probably corresponds to the time required for the extremely slow process of GFP chromophore formation [21] Therefore, ... applicability of the CfNR gene’s regulatory elements to drive inducible expression of foreign proteins in transgenic diatoms, a GFP-based reporter gene system was established Construction of a vector for ... expressing GFP or GFP fusion proteins 3416 Fig Structure of transformation plasmid pNICgfp and analysis of GFP expressing C fusiformis transformants (A) Restriction map of the part of plasmid pNICgfp...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... sensor’) The conformation of the ‘glutarate sensor’ depends on occupancy of the S1¢ specificity pocket by glutamate or glutamatelike residues [27,30] The binuclear active site of GCPII harbors ... Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Of ce of Science, Of ce of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract ... claim to original US government works 4453 Structure of human GCPIII K Hlouchova et al of the S1-bound chloride anion and ‘pushes’ the Cl) out of the bottom of the S1 pocket (the occupancy of the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:22

... the structure of the H4 isoform of LDH are found in the RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB) The PDB code for porcine H4 is 5LDH Analysis of both this model and the one for the major isoform from human ... appearance of activity parallels the formation of native structure (see below, however) For the H4 and M4 isoforms of LDH from porcine heart and muscle, the equilibrium constant for the 4M to 2D conversion ... % 0.1 for PHLDH and BHLDH, respectively As with reactivation of enzyme denatured in GdnHCl, TMAO was a more potent inhibitor of reactivation of acid- Fig Effect of TMAO on the kinetics of reactivation...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:21

... ò ARG5,6 ORF (F99L) PromoterGAL ò ARG5,6 ORF (Damino acids 355–493) PromoterGAL ò ARG5,6 ORF (Damino acids 85–347) GCN4 (4 uORFs untranslated)a WT NAGS-HA WT NAGK + WT NAGPR (amino acids 1–863) ... regulation of the first enzymes of the arginine pathway, has been reported by the team of R L Weiss A series of ornithine-overproducing N crassa mutants [33], were mapped to the N-terminus of N-acetylglutamate ... ARG2 ARG6 ORF-HIS6tag ORF-HIS6tag + ORF-HIS6tag + + NAGK (DCD) + WT NAGPR Constitutive expression of Gcn4p WT NAGK (amino acids 58 to 51) WT NAGS-HIS6 WT NAGS-HIS6 + WT NAGK (amino acids 58–513)...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... significance in the face of previous reports of unexplainable induction of abortion by chlamydia [17] Human chorionic gonadotropin is not only the regulator of trophoblast steroid hormone biosynthesis; ... pathways of these hormones However, such up regulation of enzymes did not manifest in hormone production because of starvation in substrate (cholesterol) levels This report of impaired steroid hormone ... Placid, NY), or anti-actin (Santa Cruz Biotech, CA) for internal control at dilutions of 1:500 for 1h, then washed and incubated with GAx-HRP (horse radish peroxidase) (BioRad Laboratories, CA,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 16:23

... conditions were as follows: 95°C for Page 20 of 23 10 min, 65 cycles of 95°C for 15 sec, 60°C for 30 sec and cycle of 95°C for min, 60°C for 30 sec and 95°C for 30 sec The annealing temperature ... for anthocyanin separation was as follows: acetonitrile 6% for min; 8% for 24.50 min; 10% for 22.50 min; 18% for 23.50 min; 90% for 4.5 min; and 8% for min; with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min for ... 0.6 mL/min for 49 The gradient used for proanthocyanidin separation was as follows: acetonitrile 8% for min, 12% for 12 min, 20% for 10 min, 25% for min, 50% for min, 80% for min, 8% for min; with...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... Chen-Kang Chang4* Author details Department of Combat Sports, National Taiwan College of Physical Education, 16, Sec 1, Shuan-Shih Rd, Taichung, 404, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Sports and Health ... after increasing the workload or a respiratory exchange ratio was larger than 1.10 Experimental procedure The subjects reported to the laboratory in the early morning after an overnight fast ... effect of supplementation during a short-term recovery period on the subsequent simulated match performance in combat sports The results of this study suggested that the supplementation of carbohydrate,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... changes of the starch samples Biochemical activity of the major enzymes of sucrose metabolism in storage roots of cassava Biochemical activity of starch-biosynthetic enzymes in the storage roots of ... is the major carbon reserve of the seeds of a very wide range of species and often comprises up to 50% of the final dry weight of the seed 24 Similarly, in many specialized perennating organs, ... food in many regions of the world This demands working strategies to produce a range of cultivars with starches of different properties within single crop species The quality of starch from any botanical...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:11

... individual amino acid contents are of the same order of magnitude as those of the total amino acid contents for glutamine (C), glutamic acid (D), asparagine (E), aspartic acid (F), alanine (G), ... standard error as follows: 25.48 1.58 (light) and 21.90 1.93 (dark) The standard errors for the individual amino acid contents are of the same order of magnitude as those of the total amino acid contents ... aspartate and alanine for further amino acid interconversions Therefore, the net synthesis of glutamate through the GS1 GOGAT cycle is a prerequisite for grain development This view is supported...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... catalysis; and (b) investigate the amino acid residues involved in substrate binding (Y70 and Q81) The steady-state kinetics of Dm-dNK is compulsory ordered with formation of a ternary complex [1,2] ... Kirschbaum B & Loffler M (1996) Functional expression of a fragment of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by means of the baculovirus expression vector system, and kinetic investigation of the purified ... phosphorylation of dGuo was reduced markedly Structure of Dm-dNK-E52D in complex with dTTP The structure of one of the mutants, E52D, was solved ˚ using X-ray crystallography at a resolution of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20

... was performed as mentioned by Patra et al [1] Briefly, for AGAT, mitochondrial protein from different normal and tumor sources were used for immunoblot For GAMT, normal and tumor tissue or cells ... kidney of tumor-bearing mice Ornithine contents in the sera of tumor-bearing mice and tumor-free mice showed no differences, whereas that of GAA showed significant differences (Table 2) Estimation of ... contrast to that of normal muscle cells, the plasma membrane of tumor cells has an built-in mechanism for the export of creatine, possibly related to the postulated creatine exporter in liver In...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 04:20

... feedback control of GS Inhibition of aminotransferases (Fig 3d) led to an accumulation of glutamate after h, showing glutamate to be important in the donation of nitrogen for the anabolism of nitrogenous ... primarily into the amide of glutamine by the activity of GS, and transferred to glutamate -amino by glutamate synthase activity Inhibition of GS and glutamate synthase blocked the synthesis of glutamine ... synthase inhibitor, or d) aminooxyacetate (0.2 mM), an inhibitor of aminotransferase enzymes After 2, 4, or h in the fresh medium, mycelia were extracted with sulphosalicylic acid solution (0.1...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... synthesis from Orn, and Orn-δ-aminotransferase (δOAT) has been implicated in this pathway [17] δOAT transfers the δ -amino group of Orn to αketoglutarate or related α-keto acids, thereby forming glutamate- 5-semialdehyde ... transformed with a δOAT-GFP fusion construct under control of the CaMV 35S promoter A: Fluorescence signal of MitoTracker orange; B: GFP signal; C: Autofluorescence of chlorophyll; D: Merge of A ... fate of externally supplied Arg and Orn in oat mutants and wildtype, we determined the pools of free amino acids in seedlings cultivated on Gln, Arg, Orn or urea as nitrogen sources To support formation...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... nucleic acid sequence and the corresponding deduced amino acid sequence of the complete CDS of glutamine synthetase (A) isoform (gs1) from the intestine, (B) isoform (gs2) and (C) isoform (gs3) ... net conversion of glutamate to alanine would yield 10 ATP per mole of alanine formed (Ip et al., 2001a, b), and this value would be even higher for the conversion of proline or arginine to alanine ... Partial amino acid catabolism leading to the formation of alanine Locomotion on land requires energy, and protein and amino acids are the major energy sources for long-term muscular activities for...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 15:54