compensating for annotation errors
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Method for Correcting Errors in Speech Recognition Using the Statistical Features of Character Co-occurrence" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 18:20
... important to correct the errors in the results of
speech recognition to increase the performance of a
speech translation system. This paper proposes a
method for correcting errors using the statistical ... specify correct
parts in it.
In this paper we therefore propose a method for
correcting errors, which is characterized by learning the
trend of errors and expressions, and by processing in an ... increased performance of speech recognition
systems, the output still contains many errors. For language
processing such as a machine translation, it is extremely
difficult to deal with such errors. ...
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Who Pays for Medical Errors? An Analysis of Adverse Event Costs, the Medical Liability System, and Incentives for Patient Safety Improvement ppt
Ngày tải lên :
07/03/2014, 17:20
... Medical Errors: Theory and
Evidence for Malpractice Reform,” 80 Texas Law Rev. 1595.
4. Sage, W. M. (2003) “Medical Liability and Patient Safety,” 22(4) Health Affairs 26.
Who Pays for Medical Errors? ... of costs externalized was higher for teaching
hospitals than for nonteaching hospitals (90 percent vs. 67 percent for all
injuries; 87 percent vs. 59 percent for negligent injuries), but the ... requested information or declined to provide it, and three were only able
to provide the premium from a more recent year. For the latter, we deflated
the premium to 1992 dollars. For the former, we...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Correcting Dependency Annotation Errors" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 21:20
... elements for pairs of words not an-
notated as a relation. The method is successful
at detecting annotation errors in corpora for three
different languages, with precisions of 93% for
Swedish, 60% for ... cannot.
We thus explore annotation error correction and
its feasibility for dependency annotation, a form
of annotation that provides argument relations
among words and is useful for training and testing
dependency ... de-
pendency annotation, we set out to correct
local dependency errors. To do this, we
outline the properties of annotation errors
that make the task challenging and their
existence problematic for learning....
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Tài liệu Reporting Corrections of Errors and Changes in Accounting Principles - Amending SFFAS No. 7, Accounting for Revenue and Other Financing Sources pdf
Ngày tải lên :
17/02/2014, 10:20
... standard for Prior Period Adjustments should
be amended to specifically require that prior period financial statements
presented for comparative purposes be restated to correct material errors, ... material errors.
2
Accounting Research Bulletin 43, Chapter 2A, paragraph 101.
APPENDIX A: BASIS FOR CONCLUSIONS 8
Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board
Reporting Corrections of Errors ... General in October 1990. It is responsible for promulgating
accounting standards for the United States Government.
An accounting standard is typically formulated initially as a proposal after...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Part-of-Speech Tagging for Twitter: Annotation, Features, and Experiments" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 04:20
... the
full annotated data (26,435 tokens). (The rates for M and
Y are both < 0.0005.)
2 Annotation
Annotation proceeded in three stages. For Stage 0,
we developed a set of 20 coarse-grained ... Association for Computational Linguistics:shortpapers, pages 42–47,
Portland, Oregon, June 19-24, 2011.
c
2011 Association for Computational Linguistics
Part-of-Speech Tagging for Twitter: Annotation, ... 2010).
than for Standard English text. For example, apos-
trophes are often omitted, and there are frequently
words like ima (short for I’m gonna) that cut across
traditional POS categories. Therefore,...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Demonstration of the UAM CorpusTool for text and image annotation" docx
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 09:20
... specific file for annotation at
a specific layer (each file has a button for each
layer).
3 Tag Hierarchy Editing
Most of the current text annotation tools lack built-
in facilities for creating ... been necessary where software for
automatic annotation has not been available, e.g.,
for linguistic patterns which are not easily identi-
fied by machine, or for languages without suffi-
cient ... CorpusTool, software for human and
semi-automatic annotation of text and images.
The demonstration will show how to set up an
annotation project, how to annotate text files
at multiple annotation levels,...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Detecting Errors in Part-of-Speech Annotation" docx
Ngày tải lên :
22/02/2014, 02:20
... additional lex-
ical information would be needed to correctly allow for addi-
tional tag assignments for such ambiguous words.
111
annotation, methods for detecting errors in syn-
tactic annotation have ... input for syntactic process-
ing, for practical applications such as information
extraction, and for linguistic research making use
of pos-based corpus queries.
The gold-standard pos -annotation for ... heuristics they are highly accurate pre-
dictors of annotation errors. In section 2.2 we
turn to two other simple ideas for detecting pos-
annotation errors,
closed-class analysis
and
finite-
state...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "An annotation scheme for discourse-level argumentation in research articles" doc
Ngày tải lên :
22/02/2014, 03:20
... work as basis of
or support for own work?
Figure 2: Decision tree for annotation
Our materials consist of 48 computational lin-
guistics papers (22 for Study I, 26 for Study II),
taken from ... instructions
for the two versions of the scheme (6 pages for the
basic scheme and 17 pages for the full scheme),
four training papers and weekly discussions, in
which previous annotations were ... agreement for our annotation
scheme because so many sentences fall into the
OWN category.
Studies I and II will determine how far we can
trust in the human-annotated training material
for both...
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LabelMe: a database and web-based tool for image annotation pdf
Ngày tải lên :
07/03/2014, 23:20
... pruned for errors. Figure 10 shows examples of objects and proposed
parts using the above heuristic. We can also take into account viewpoint information and find
parts, as demonstrated for the ... the annotations in the dataset. For each object we
show three polygons depicting annotations corresponding to the 25th, 50th, and 75th per-
centile of the number of control points recorded for ... web.
The annotations come from two different sources: the LabelMe online annotation tool and
annotation tools developed by other research groups. We indicate the sources of the images and
annotations...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Flexible Stand-Off Data Model with Query Language for Multi-Level Annotation" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 04:22
... is a
driving forcefor the development ofannotation tools
that can handle multiple levels of annotation. We
find it crucial in order to make full use of the po-
tential of multi-level annotation ... 109–112, Ann Arbor, June 2005.
c
2005 Association for Computational Linguistics
A Flexible Stand-Off Data Model with Query Language
for Multi-Level Annotation
Christoph M
¨
uller
EML Research gGmbH
Villa ... language for multi-level an-
notated corpora. The new query language involves
automatic conversion of queries into the underly-
ing, more complicated MMAXQL query language.
It supports queries for...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Common Framework for Syntactic Annotation" pot
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 05:20
... pivot format that
enables comparison of annotations in different
formatsincluding not only different
constituency-based annotations, but also
constituency-based and dependency annotations.
For ... project-
specific format, if desired.
• Expansion structures: A project-specific
format may alter the structure of the
annotation as expressed using the structural
skeleton. For example, it may be desirable
for ... the
hub of the annotation framework: it defines a
lingua franca for syntactic annotations that can
be used to compare and merge annotations, as
well as enable design of generic tools for
visualization,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Annotation for All Semantic Layers in FrameNet" potx
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 21:20
... part-of-speech-specific layer, which con-
tains aspectual information for verbs; and
copulas, support expressions, and slot filling
information for nouns and adjectives.
• The “Other” layer, containing ... on the Evaluation of Systems for the
Semantic Analysis of Text, pages 9–12 , Barcelona,
Spain, July. Association for Computational Linguis-
tics.
138
Often [an informal group]
INGESTOR
will eat
[lunch]
INGESTIBLES
[near ... the
information provided by the additional layers in-
fluence the performance of the traditional task for
a semantic parser. FE identification, especially
for noun and adjective target words, may be made
easier...
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Natural Language Annotation for Machine Learning potx
Ngày tải lên :
15/03/2014, 16:20
... encoding formats that are being used for corpus annotation
efforts. The web continues to make enough data available to build models for a
whole new range of linguistic phenomena. Entirely new forms ... you’re interested in.
For the temporal relation annotation, accuracy versus informativity is a huge consid-
eration, for the reasons described above (go back and look at Figure 2-1 for a refresher
on ... machine
learning algorithms that perform classification, clustering and pattern induction
tasks.
• Having a good annotation scheme and accurate annotations are critical for machine
learning that relies...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "CS NIPER Annotation-by-query for non-canonical constructions in large corpora" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
16/03/2014, 20:20
... Core
2
are used
for linguistic pre-processing, format conversion, and
to drive the indexing of the corpora. In particular,
DKPro Core includes a reader for the BNC and a
writer for the CWB. As ... can be selected
for evaluation. For these, all annotation candidates
and the respective statistics are displayed. It is pos-
88
Figure 5: Evaluation by query and by NCC type
The annotation- by-query ... the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 85–90,
Jeju, Republic of Korea, 8-14 July 2012.
c
2012 Association for Computational Linguistics
CSNIPER
Annotation- by-query for non-canonical...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Detecting Errors in Discontinuous Structural Annotation" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
17/03/2014, 06:20
... annotation can indicate
annotation errors has been explored to detect errors
in part-of-speech (POS) annotation (van Halteren,
2000; Eskin, 2000; Dickinson and Meurers, 2003a)
and syntactic annotation ... that the results for
the WSJ perform significantly worse. They report
that the lower accuracy figures are caused by incon-
sistencies in the WSJ annotation and that 44% of the
errors for their best ... material for the development of tools in com-
putational linguistics, and secondly, as a source of
data for theoretical linguists searching for analyti-
cally relevant language patterns.
Annotation errors...
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