compensating for annotation errors

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 20:37

... important to correct the errors in the results of speech recognition to increase the performance of a speech translation system. This paper proposes a method for correcting errors using the statistical ... specify correct parts in it. In this paper we therefore propose a method for correcting errors, which is characterized by learning the trend of errors and expressions, and by processing in an ... increased performance of speech recognition systems, the output still contains many errors. For language processing such as a machine translation, it is extremely difficult to deal with such errors. ...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... Medical Errors: Theory and Evidence for Malpractice Reform,” 80 Texas Law Rev. 1595. 4. Sage, W. M. (2003) “Medical Liability and Patient Safety,” 22(4) Health Affairs 26. Who Pays for Medical Errors? ... of costs externalized was higher for teaching hospitals than for nonteaching hospitals (90 percent vs. 67 percent for all injuries; 87 percent vs. 59 percent for negligent injuries), but the ... requested information or declined to provide it, and three were only able to provide the premium from a more recent year. For the latter, we deflated the premium to 1992 dollars. For the former, we...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... elements for pairs of words not an- notated as a relation. The method is successful at detecting annotation errors in corpora for three different languages, with precisions of 93% for Swedish, 60% for ... cannot. We thus explore annotation error correction and its feasibility for dependency annotation, a form of annotation that provides argument relations among words and is useful for training and testing dependency ... de- pendency annotation, we set out to correct local dependency errors. To do this, we outline the properties of annotation errors that make the task challenging and their existence problematic for learning....

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 00:20

... standard for Prior Period Adjustments should be amended to specifically require that prior period financial statements presented for comparative purposes be restated to correct material errors, ... material errors. 2 Accounting Research Bulletin 43, Chapter 2A, paragraph 101. APPENDIX A: BASIS FOR CONCLUSIONS 8 Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board Reporting Corrections of Errors ... General in October 1990. It is responsible for promulgating accounting standards for the United States Government. An accounting standard is typically formulated initially as a proposal after...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

... the full annotated data (26,435 tokens). (The rates for M and Y are both < 0.0005.) 2 Annotation Annotation proceeded in three stages. For Stage 0, we developed a set of 20 coarse-grained ... Association for Computational Linguistics:shortpapers, pages 42–47, Portland, Oregon, June 19-24, 2011. c 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics Part-of-Speech Tagging for Twitter: Annotation, ... 2010). than for Standard English text. For example, apos- trophes are often omitted, and there are frequently words like ima (short for I’m gonna) that cut across traditional POS categories. Therefore,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... specific file for annotation at a specific layer (each file has a button for each layer). 3 Tag Hierarchy Editing Most of the current text annotation tools lack built- in facilities for creating ... been necessary where software for automatic annotation has not been available, e.g., for linguistic patterns which are not easily identi- fied by machine, or for languages without suffi- cient ... CorpusTool, software for human and semi-automatic annotation of text and images. The demonstration will show how to set up an annotation project, how to annotate text files at multiple annotation levels,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... additional lex- ical information would be needed to correctly allow for addi- tional tag assignments for such ambiguous words. 111 annotation, methods for detecting errors in syn- tactic annotation have ... input for syntactic process- ing, for practical applications such as information extraction, and for linguistic research making use of pos-based corpus queries. The gold-standard pos -annotation for ... heuristics they are highly accurate pre- dictors of annotation errors. In section 2.2 we turn to two other simple ideas for detecting pos- annotation errors, closed-class analysis and finite- state...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... work as basis of or support for own work? Figure 2: Decision tree for annotation Our materials consist of 48 computational lin- guistics papers (22 for Study I, 26 for Study II), taken from ... instructions for the two versions of the scheme (6 pages for the basic scheme and 17 pages for the full scheme), four training papers and weekly discussions, in which previous annotations were ... agreement for our annotation scheme because so many sentences fall into the OWN category. Studies I and II will determine how far we can trust in the human-annotated training material for both...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 03:20

... pruned for errors. Figure 10 shows examples of objects and proposed parts using the above heuristic. We can also take into account viewpoint information and find parts, as demonstrated for the ... the annotations in the dataset. For each object we show three polygons depicting annotations corresponding to the 25th, 50th, and 75th per- centile of the number of control points recorded for ... web. The annotations come from two different sources: the LabelMe online annotation tool and annotation tools developed by other research groups. We indicate the sources of the images and annotations...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 23:20

... is a driving forcefor the development ofannotation tools that can handle multiple levels of annotation. We find it crucial in order to make full use of the po- tential of multi-level annotation ... 109–112, Ann Arbor, June 2005. c 2005 Association for Computational Linguistics A Flexible Stand-Off Data Model with Query Language for Multi-Level Annotation Christoph M ¨ uller EML Research gGmbH Villa ... language for multi-level an- notated corpora. The new query language involves automatic conversion of queries into the underly- ing, more complicated MMAXQL query language. It supports queries for...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... pivot format that enables comparison of annotations in different formatsincluding not only different constituency-based annotations, but also constituency-based and dependency annotations. For ... project- specific format, if desired. • Expansion structures: A project-specific format may alter the structure of the annotation as expressed using the structural skeleton. For example, it may be desirable for ... the hub of the annotation framework: it defines a lingua franca for syntactic annotations that can be used to compare and merge annotations, as well as enable design of generic tools for visualization,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:20

... part-of-speech-specific layer, which con- tains aspectual information for verbs; and copulas, support expressions, and slot filling information for nouns and adjectives. • The “Other” layer, containing ... on the Evaluation of Systems for the Semantic Analysis of Text, pages 9–12 , Barcelona, Spain, July. Association for Computational Linguis- tics. 138 Often [an informal group] INGESTOR will eat [lunch] INGESTIBLES [near ... the information provided by the additional layers in- fluence the performance of the traditional task for a semantic parser. FE identification, especially for noun and adjective target words, may be made easier...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... encoding formats that are being used for corpus annotation efforts. The web continues to make enough data available to build models for a whole new range of linguistic phenomena. Entirely new forms ... you’re interested in. For the temporal relation annotation, accuracy versus informativity is a huge consid- eration, for the reasons described above (go back and look at Figure 2-1 for a refresher on ... machine learning algorithms that perform classification, clustering and pattern induction tasks. • Having a good annotation scheme and accurate annotations are critical for machine learning that relies...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... Core 2 are used for linguistic pre-processing, format conversion, and to drive the indexing of the corpora. In particular, DKPro Core includes a reader for the BNC and a writer for the CWB. As ... can be selected for evaluation. For these, all annotation candidates and the respective statistics are displayed. It is pos- 88 Figure 5: Evaluation by query and by NCC type The annotation- by-query ... the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 85–90, Jeju, Republic of Korea, 8-14 July 2012. c 2012 Association for Computational Linguistics CSNIPER Annotation- by-query for non-canonical...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 20:20

... annotation can indicate annotation errors has been explored to detect errors in part-of-speech (POS) annotation (van Halteren, 2000; Eskin, 2000; Dickinson and Meurers, 2003a) and syntactic annotation ... that the results for the WSJ perform significantly worse. They report that the lower accuracy figures are caused by incon- sistencies in the WSJ annotation and that 44% of the errors for their best ... material for the development of tools in com- putational linguistics, and secondly, as a source of data for theoretical linguists searching for analyti- cally relevant language patterns. Annotation errors...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20