cohesion and coherence in spoken discourse

... the discourse segment containing (U2) and (U3) is 'cut off' and not available for further attachment. Embedded within the expectation is an utterance describing the ongoing planning ... found in a writ- ten text. extended in order to maintain a coherent discourse structure for the modelling of the producer. Thus rhetorical relations describing planning processes are introduced. ... remaining part of the paper is organised as follows. Section 2 contains a description of the ex- perimental setting in which the example discourse was obtained (Habel and Tappe, forthcoming)....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... relation in the wording rather than in the meaning.  somewhat different from reference in that another word takes the place of the thing that is being discussed.  Types of Substitution:  Nominal  ... and an older waiter could close the cafe and go home. He insults the deaf old man and is painfully indifferent to the older waiter’s feelings when he states that “an old man is a nasty thing.” ... sentences to be understood as text. Cohesion therefore defines a text as text.  Late in the early morning hours, in a Spanish cafe, an old man drinks brandy. A young waiter is angry; he...

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2013, 15:15

... automatic spoken language understanding in such a theory. Most obviously, where in the past parsing and phono- logical processing have tended to deliver conflicting structural analyses, and have ... 153-198. [5] Grosz, Barbara, Aravind Joshi, and Scott We- instein: 1983, 'Providing a Unified Account of Definite Noun Phrases in Discourse, Proceed- ings of the 21st Annual Conference ... condition". For example, strings like " ;in ten prefer corduroy" are not conjoinable: (5) *Three cats in twenty like velvet, and in ten prefer corduroy. Since coordinate constructions have...

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Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:27

... with “business”. II.4.2. Grammatical cohesion Grammatical cohesion can be defined as the surface marking in written discourse, and between utterances and turns in speech. These links can be grouped into ... benefit much from them. II . Discourse I.1 What is discourse? To answer the question, linguists have different ways of understanding and defining discourse. Tradition linguists have concentrated ... Ben and (3) to Amy. Amy and Holly came to meet Ben as Holly complained about her mother and Amy said that her uncle Ben can help. Amy introduces Holly and Ben and during their greeting “you” indicates...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 10:33

... devices in narrative discourse How prosodic means in general and intonation in particular become a cohesive device in narrative discourse. SCOPE OF THE STUDY SCOPE OF THE STUDY Cohesion in ... devices. The demands of applying means of cohesion to gain the best communicative values. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY How reference, ellipsis, substitution and conjunction function in particular ... and principle RATIONALE OF THE STUDY RATIONALE OF THE STUDY The linguists has discussed and given various concept about how intonation and grammatical means as cohesive devices in...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 10:33

... Sidner theory of discourse (Grosz and Sidner, 1986) to inform our NM de- sign. According to this theory, each discourse has a discourse purpose/intention. Satisfying the main discourse purpose ... Grosz and C. L. Sidner. 1986. Attentions, intentions and the structure of discourse. Computational Lin- guistics, 12(3). D. Higgins, J. Burstein, D. Marcu and C. Gentile. 2004. Evaluating Multiple ... Bratt, B. Clark and S. Peters. 2006. Responding to Student Uncertainty in Spoken Tutorial Dialogue Systems. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 16. C. Rich and C. L....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... denote talking. Two ( dash and pop ) denote a change of location. In addition, flap frequently indicates a state of swinging, fumble indicates a motion of the hands, quiver refers to shaking, and puff to ... words in spoken English. In 4. 1, I will select these words by using the LLC. In 4. 2, I will examine the usages of these words. In 4. 3, I will find the tendencies of the most frequent and most ... frequent and most onomatopoeic words in spoken and written corpus, in order to examine whether there are any register variations. Chapter 7 will present the conclusions of this study. 1. 4 Main Findings The...

Ngày tải lên: 24/02/2014, 18:20

... do not know why I had imagined him slender and of insignificant appearance; in point of fact he was broad and heavy, with large hands and feet, and he wore his evening clothes clumsily. Corrective ... playing football and he kicks it and it goes through there it breaks the window and they’re looking at it and he comes out and shouts at them… Endophric  Three boys are playing football and ... considerable power  And I could feel him swelling inside me, surging up out of the Dexter-dark corners of my lizard brain, a rising and swelling that could only end one way and that being the case...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:21

... requires joint expertise in natural language processing and speech recognition, and best practices in language engineering for every new domain. On the other hand, a statistical learning approach ... optimization, Springer-Verlag. Povey, D. and P. C. Woodland. 2002. Minimum phone error and I-smoothing for improved discriminative training. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal ... in natural language processing and speech recognition, and best practices in language engineering for every new domain. In the past decade many statistical learning approaches have been proposed,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... Hacioglu and W. Ward. 2003. Target word detection and semantic role chunking using support vector machines. In HLT-03. R. Higashinaka, N. Miyazaki, M. Nakano, and K. Ai- kawa. 2004. Evaluating Discourse ... Understanding in Spoken Dialogue Systems. ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing (TSLP) , Volume 1, 1-20. X. Huang, A. Acero, and H W. Hon. 2001. Spoken Language Proceeding . ... evaluat- ing spoken dialogue agents. In Proceedings of the ACL, 271–280 M. Walker and R. Passonneau. 2001. DATE: a dia- logue act tagging scheme for evaluation of spoken dialogue systems. In...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... Randomly split the remaining data into an 80% training and 20% test set. 3. Run TiMBL with all possible parameter set- tings on the generated training and test sets and store the best performing ... such tuning. Future work points in two directions: first, inte- grating our methodology into working ISU-based dialogue systems and determining whether or not they improve in terms of standard ... Langkilde. 2000. Using Natural Language Processing and Discourse Features to Identify Understanding Er- rors in a Spoken Dialogue System. In Proceed- ings of ICML-2000. 7 Results and Evaluation The...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... 247–62. Springer-Verlag,Berlin. Robert Dale. 1992. Generating Referring Expressions. MIT Press. Barbara Di Eugenio. 1998. Centering in Italian. In Marilyn A. Walker, Aravind K. Joshi, and Ellen F. Prince, ... representation and use of focus in a system for understanding dialogs. In Pro- ceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 67–76, Cambridge, MA. Peter Heeman and ... computational model for generating referring expressions in a multilingual application do- main. In COLING–1996: Proceedings of the 16th In- ternational Conference on Computational Linguistics, Copenhagen,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... priority union in ALE with the example in (15): Source is the de- fault input, and Target is the strict input. The hierarchy we assume is the same as shown in (3) and (4). Information about ... Grammar Working broadly within the sign-based paradigm exemplified by HPSG (Pollard and Sag in press) we have been exploring computational issues for a discourse level grammar by using the ALE ... 1984, Scha and Polanyi 1988, Priist 1992, and most recently in Priist, Scha and van den Berg 1994). In LDM rules are defi- ned which are, in a broad sense, unification gram- mar rules and which...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... exam- ple, in (1) in Contexts 1 and 2, I infers the bill is bad for big business. Consider again discourse (1) in Context 1. Intu- itively, the reason we can infer Result(a, fl) in the anal- ... Beliefs and Intentions in a Changing World, in Precedings of the hal Spring Symposium Series: Rea- soning about Mental States: Formal Theories and Ap- plications. Asher, Nicholas and Morreau, ... Reasoning, in Proceedings to the 12th Interna- tional Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Syd- ney Australia, August 1991. Asher, Nicholas and Singh, Munindar (1993) A Logic of Intentions...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20