clinical manifestations of neurologic disease

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 11:11

... http://arthritis-research.com/content/13/2/R49 Page of Table Distribution of clinical manifestations according to HLA-B*51 and HLA-A status Patient subset n (%) of clinical manifestations OR (95% CI) P 0.20 Skin ... certain HLA-A alleles and clinical manifestations of BD, we compared each clinical subset with a large number of controls Then, patients with and without specific clinical manifestations were compared ... the unique clinical features of BD The lack of individual demographic data of the controls might be one of the limitations of this study Nevertheless, we believe that the results of our study...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... OUTCOMES OF DISABILITIES 399 Overview of Outcomes • Upper Extremity Use • Ambulation • Predictors of Functional Gains CLINICAL TRIALS OF FUNCTIONAL INTERVENTIONS 404 Trials of Schools of Therapy ... cubic millimeter of gray matter contains km of axon and each cubic millimeter of white matter includes meters of axon The tedious work of understanding the dynamic interplay of this matrix is ... movements The coding of movement patterns and forces during voluntary use of the hand relates to the coactivation of assemblies of neurons acting in parallel, not to the rate of firing of single neurons.38...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 12:20

... The majority of these patients had progression of disease at the original site, and four developed cavitation Other studies, which provide insight into the clinical manifestations of TB, have ... prevalence of TB in the United States Nevertheless, certain segments of the population remain at increased risk of TB, by virtue of having a higher prevalence of infection, a higher risk of progression ... who have not been receiving DOT), high burden of clinical disease (including presence cavitary disease, bilateral disease and/or extrapulmonary disease) , drug resistance, malabsorption, and malnourishment...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 03:20

... versed in the recognition of cutaneous lesions or their spectrum of presentations Therefore, the authors of this chapter have decided to cover this particular topic of cutaneous medicine not ... in the thickness of the lesions The diagnosis of CTCL is established by skin biopsy in which collections of atypical T lymphocytes are found in the epidermis and dermis As the disease progresses, ... significance for internal diseases The latter disorders are reviewed in table form and always need to be excluded when considering the former For a detailed description of individual diseases, the reader...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... migration of the erythema and associated secondary changes such as pustules or erosions Migratory waves of erythema studded with superficial pustules are seen in pustular psoriasis Table 54-2 Causes of ... Systemic diseases a Cutaneous T cell lymphoma b Lymphoma Idiopathic a Discussed in detail in Chap 53 Table 54-3 Erythroderma (Primary Cutaneous Disorders) Initial Lesions Locati Othe Diag Treat on of ... Local: act Depen ds Irrita on nt—onset Patch testing Remo ve irritant or Erythe offending allergen; agent ma, often within hours topical crusting, vesicles, and glucocortico bullae Aller ids;...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... to 25% of the cases of erythroderma were due to CTCL The patient may progress from isolated plaques and tumors, but more commonly the erythroderma is present throughout the course of the disease ... late stage of the disease Alopecia (Table 54-4) The two major forms of alopecia are scarring and nonscarring In scarring alopecia there are associated fibrosis, inflammation, and loss of hair follicles ... cases of erythroderma where there is no apparent cause (idiopathic), longitudinal follow-up is mandatory to monitor for the possible development of CTCL There have been isolated case reports of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... coalescence of associated lesions and/or diseases: involvement of other hyperthyroidism, hair-bearing surfaces hypothyroidism, contact of the body vitiligo, Down syndrome Pitting of the nails ... treatment of growing (anagen) hairs simultaneously enter the dying (telogen) phase Androgeneti Miniaturizatio Increased c alopecia (male n of hairs along the sensitivity If no evidence of of hyperandrogen ... Increased levels of circulating androgens (ovarian or adrenal source in women) Alopecia areata Well- The circumscribed, Topical germinative zones anthralin; circular areas of hair of the hair follicles...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... Scattered, poorly circumscribed patches of alopecia with a "moth-eaten" appearance are a manifestation of the secondary stage of syphilis Diffuse thinning of the hair is also associated with hypothyroidism ... the scarring lesions of discoid lupus can be seen in patients with systemic lupus, in the majority of cases the disease process is limited to the skin Less common causes of scarring alopecia ... phases of discoid lupus, lichen planus, and folliculitis decalvans, there are circumscribed areas of alopecia Fibrosis and subsequent loss of follicles are observed primarily in the center of the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... Behçet's disease a EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor Patients with the carcinoid syndrome have episodes of flushing of the head, neck, and sometimes the trunk Resultant skin changes of the ... acne rosacea, the two major forms of acne (Chap 53), there are drugs and systemic diseases that can lead to acneiform eruptions (Table 54-7) Table 54-7 Causes of Acneiform Eruptions I Primary ... result in a widespread eruption of follicular pustules on the trunk, characterized by lesions in the same stage of development With regard to underlying systemic diseases, nonfollicular-based pustules...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... Table 54-8 Causes of Telangiectasias I Primary cutaneous disorders A Linear Acne rosacea Actinically damaged skin ... radiationa Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans C Spider angioma Idiopathic Pregnancy II Systemic diseases A Linear Carcinoid Ataxia-telangiectasia Mastocytosis B Poikiloderma Dermatomyositis Cutaneous...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... pathognomonic signs of the three major autoimmune connective tissue diseases—lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and DM They are easily visualized by the naked eye and occur in at least two-thirds of these ... to bleed Hypopigmentation (Table 54-9) Disorders of hypopigmentation are often classified as either diffuse or localized The classic example of diffuse hypopigmentation is oculocutaneous albinism ... decreased activity will acquire some pigmentation of the eyes, hair, and skin as they age The degree of pigment formation is also a function of racial background, and the pigmentary dilution...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... perifollicular macules of normal pigmentation are seen within areas of depigmentation The basis of this leukoderma is unknown; there is no evidence of inflammation in areas of involvement, but it ... (types I and II) Diseases of the thyroid gland are the most frequently associated disorders, occurring in up to 30% of patients with vitiligo Circulating autoantibodies are often found, and the ... absence of pigmentation Patients with vitiligo also have an increased incidence of several autoimmune disorders, including hypothyroidism, Graves' disease, pernicious anemia, Addison's disease, ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... the result of the migration of two clones of primordial melanocytes, each with a different pigment potential Localized areas of decreased pigmentation are commonly seen as a result of cutaneous ... keratoses are common lesions, but in one rare clinical setting they are a sign of systemic disease, and that setting is the sudden appearance of multiple lesions, often with an inflammatory base and in ... this more common entity from ash leaf spots of tuberous sclerosis, especially when there are multiple lesions In hypomelanosis of Ito, swirls and streaks of hypopigmentation run parallel to one another...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... location as circular areas of erythema that can become bullous and then resolve as brown macules The eruption usually appears within hours of administration of the offending agent, and common ... NAME [nevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, and ephelides (freckles)] syndrome These patients can also have evidence of endocrine overactivity in the form of Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly, ... leukoplakia of the oral and anal mucosae The latter often develops into squamous cell carcinoma In addition to the flagellate pigmentation (linear streaks) on the trunk, patients receiving bleomycin often...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... widespread deposition of melanin resulting from the high concentration of circulating melanin precursors, there is more evidence to support the latter Of the autoimmune diseases associated with ... drugs or metals can result from one of several mechanisms—induction of melanin pigment formation, complexing of the drug or its metabolites to melanin, and deposits of the drug in the dermis Busulfan, ... level of iron in the skin of patients with hemochromatosis stimulates melanin pigment production and leads to the classic bronze color Patients with pellagra have a brown discoloration of the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... simplex virusa,e Enteroviruses, e.g., hand-foot-and-mouth disease Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndromea,f Bullous impetigoa II Systemic diseases A Autoimmune Paraneoplastic pemphigusa B Infections ... Pseudoporphyriab Bullous dermatosis of hemodialysisb D Ischemia Coma bullae a Intraepidermal b Subepidermal c Associated with gluten enteropathy d Associated with inflammatory bowel disease ... herpetiformisb,c Linear IgA bullous dermatosisb Epidermolysis bullosa acquisitab,d B Secondary blistering diseases Contact dermatitisa Erythema multiformea,b Stevens-Johnson syndrome Toxic epidermal necrolysisb...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... diagnosis of EM, as opposed to a morbilliform exanthem, is the development of a "dusky" violet color or petechiae in the center of the lesions Target or iris lesions are also characteristic of EM ... diagnosis of SSSS versus TEN can be made by a frozen section of the blister roof or exfoliative cytology of the blister contents In SSSS the site of staphylococcal infection is usually extracutaneous ... addition, these patients may also have involvement of the mucous membranes and intestinal tract Drugs are the primary cause of TEN, and the most common offenders are phenytoin, barbiturates, carbamazepine,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20

... infection, and hepatomas The differential diagnosis of PCT includes (1) porphyria variegata—the skin signs of PCT plus the systemic findings of acute intermittent porphyria; it has a diagnostic ... Early meningococcemia D Acute graft-versus-host disease E Kawasaki disease II Scarlatiniform A Scarlet fever B Toxic shock syndrome C Kawasaki disease D Early staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome ... pseudoporphyria—the clinical and histologic findings are similar to PCT, but porphyrins are normal; etiologic agents include naproxen, furosemide, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid; (3) bullous dermatosis of hemodialysis—the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 20:20