catecholamines and the prefrontal cortical regulation of behaviour and attention

... to food and water ad libitum Both the housing and experimental use of animals followed the National Institutes of Health guidelines and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use ... http://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/17/1/62 Page of Figure Effects of ceftriaxone on GLT1 expression in cerebral cortex and striatum at weeks of age Immunoblots (A, C) and quantitative analysis (B, D) of the percentage ratio of GLT1/b-tubulin ... Ceftriaxone-induced up -regulation of cortical and striatal GLT1 in the R6/2 model of Huntington’s disease Journal of Biomedical Science 2010 17:62 Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... accompaniment of the CCGS John A 40 41 42 43 See Arts and 10 of the NSR Regulations; Arts 14 and 15 of the Economic Zone Edict; Arts and 15 of the Environmental Edict; and Art 11 of the Decree of the Council ... Navigation and pollution in the Northern Sea Route 233 might well open the way for full application of the OPA in the EEZ of the USA The USA claims that the environmental provisions of the LOS Convention ... Decree on the Procedure for Applying Articles 19 and 21 of the Edict on the Economic Zone of the USSR (Procedure Decree)113 nor the 1985 Statute on the Protection of the Economic Zone of the USSR...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 09:20

... signal on and off Caspase activation is under the direct control of kinases and phosphatases, and the indirect control of phosphorylation through the regulation of other apoptotic proteins Furthermore, ... They induce the permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane with the release of cytochrome c and the formation of the apoptosome [38] The major pro-apoptotic protein Bax exists mainly in the ... Inhibition of PP1 by OA enhances the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 and Ser37, decreases the expression of bcl-2 and increases the expression of bax in human laryngeal epithelial cells and human...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... tumorigenesis and genetic diseases [47] Most analyses of the regulation of AP-2 and the interactions of the transcription factor with binding partners, as well as of the regulation of target gene ... increase in apoptosis [73] The authors of this study ascribe the regulation of outgrowth of limb buds and patterning of the digits to the chicken AP-2 The role of AP-2a was further studied in zebrafish ... because of the severe skeletal defects in growth and the development of face and limbs [17–19] Donner et al tried to link the expression of AP-2a in these tissues to upstream signaling pathways They...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... activation of the protein kinase B survival pathway [31], p53 activation [32], induction of the serum- and glucocorticoidinducible kinase Sgk [33], expression of the heat shock protein Hsp70 [34] and ... trafficking of the CD95 from inside the hepatocyte to the plasma membrane [39], which depends on a ROS-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor, the association of ... association of CD95 with the EGF-receptor, and phosphorylation of CD95 on Tyr232 and Tyr291 by the EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase activity [15] Although the appearance of CD95 at the plasma membrane...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... conditions The ectodomains of both monomers in the dimer are required for this effect, suggesting that the epitope tag of one monomer is masked by the ectodomain of the other monomer in the dimer, and ... oxidation induced changes in the conformation of the cytoplasmic domains of these RPTPs These results suggest there is flexibility in the cytoplasmic domain of RPTPs, and are evidence against rigid ... wedge-like structures to the N-terminal side of the D1, similar to the inhibitory wedge in RPTPa However, the crystal structures of the intracellular domains of LAR [19] and CD45 [20] suggest that...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... and the use of the designation "European Venture Capital Fund" should be sanctioned by the prohibition of the use of the designation and the removal of the venture capital fund manager of the ... 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2000 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by the EU institutions and bodies and on the ... following the end of the financial year The report shall describe the composition of the portfolio of the qualifying venture capital fund and the activities of the past year It shall contain the audited...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 14:20

... Sp1 and Sp3 might control the expression of the Dnmt1 gene Further studies are required to clarify the distinct roles of Sp1 and Sp3 at different phases of the cell cycle The transcriptional cofactor ... Conversely, the addition of GST–Sp3 resulted in a similar reduction in the binding of Sp1 to the GA motif (data not shown) These results imply that the binding of Sp1 and of Sp3 to the GA motif ... the transcriptional activation of the Dnmt1 gene, both Sp1 and Sp3 play a critical role (Fig 4) via binding to the same cis-element (GA motif) and the binding of each is independent of the other...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... human and rat CB1 receptor The CB2 antibody was raised against a sequence between the N-terminal and the first transmembrane domain of the protein of the human and rat CB2 receptor The specificity of ... for AEA, PalEtn and 2AG, respectively Analysis of cannabinoid receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase To determine the presence of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and of the fatty acid ... supported by the observation that preabsorbing of the CB1 antibody with its corresponding blocking peptide eliminated almost all of the staining of these bands (Fig 3A) The most abundant band in human...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... dysfunction SH3 and SH2 domain dysfunction Deletion of N-terminal, SH3 and SH2 domain of active n-Src Deletion of N-terminal, SH3 and SH2 domain of kinase-dead n-Src of PP3, the inactive form of PP2, ... upstream of the conserved PXXP motif of the SH3 ligand The D99N mutation prevents formation of this salt bridge and disrupts the SH3 binding specificity R175 (corresponding to R183 in n-Src) in the ... R175K mutations therefore inhibit interactions with ligands of the SH3 and SH2 domains, respectively, both intra- and intermolecularly, and thereby disrupt the overall functions of Src kinase [3,18–21]...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 01:20

... RPABC-2 and -3, are present in all three RNA polymerases, and the solution of the crystal structure of Pol II shows that these two subunits are located close to each other at the surface of the polymerase ... Injection of anti-actin Ig into the nuclei of salamander oocytes results in contraction of the lateral loops and the inhibition of transcription [8] Furthermore, Hofmann & de Lanerolle [16] found ... domain and then to the nascent RNP, where actin in complex with the hnRNP U can facilitate recruitment of PCAF or P2D10 to the active gene Formation of actin filaments in the proximity of the Pol...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 01:20

... Additionally, because the demand of the chloroplast is ‘sensed’ inside the organelle, the IEM is closest to the origin of the signal, and thus regulation at the Tic complex could be one of the fastest ... which anchor the protein in the membrane The position and function of the long C-terminal tail on the other hand remains a matter of controversy [10,11,13–15] According to one hypothesis, the hydrophilic ... description of recent advances in the understanding of the channel-, motor- and regulatory components of the Tic complex For reference, some of the available knowledge, including the proposed function of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... thermodynamic aspects of complex multisite phosphorylation on the one hand, and the specific and versatile regulation of protein activation required in signaling pathways on the other Results Mathematical ... description of multisite phosphorylation that attempts to address these challenges Our approach starts from the description of the elementary steps of enzyme–target binding and catalysis and then uses the ... protein an ¼ ð3Þ These account for both enzyme–target binding and the catalysis K and P denote the free concentrations of kinase and phosphatase, respectively, and Ln and Qn are the respective...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular the second paragraph of Article 177 thereof, Having regard to the ... respect the principle of subsidiarity as the tasks of the ERDF are set out in the Treaty and the policy is implemented in accordance with the principle of shared management and respecting the institutional ... increasing the use of conditionalities and simplifying the delivery are among the major hallmarks of the proposal This Regulation sets out the provisions governing the Cohesion Fund, and repealing Regulation...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... including the gene encoding arginase II (ArgII) ArgII is the extrahepatic isoform of the arginase type enzymes, and ArgI is the hepatic-specific counterpart [16] The two isoforms possess the same ... l-ornithine and urea, a critical step in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway Subcellular localization of the two isoforms differs, with ArgI located in the cytoplasm and ArgII in the mitochondria ... response to virus infection As the two isoforms of arginase, I (hepatic isoform) and II (extrahepatic isoform), may contribute to the arginase activity measured in the previous experiment, ArgII...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... All bands were quantified using the Scion Image program The upper numbers represent the intensity of each band normalized to the band in lane The lower numbers represent the intensity of the bands ... by the lower arrow to the left of the autoradiograph) All bands were quantified using the Scion Image program and the ratio between the upper and lower bands for each assay is presented below the ... therefore analyzed the sequence of the R2 promoter and the 5¢-UTR, and compared it to the corresponding region in the human R2 gene We could identify a potentially interesting palindrome in the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:20

... establish the importance of GSK3 in the acute regulation of glucose transport in terms of its regulatory control of GS in muscle and fat cells we have investigated the effects of Li and the anilinomaleimide, ... elements implicated in the regulation of GSK3 and GS To further understand the effects of Li and SB-415286 on cell signalling events we assessed their effects and that of insulin on p70S6K, PKB, ... and myotubes with antibodies against GSK3a and b Fig 1B shows that whilst preadipocytes express both GSK3 isoforms, the abundance of the b isoform declines by  85%, whereas that of the a isoform...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... monophosphates and, in particular, UMP and GMP The structure of NagD has been determined and the occurrence of NagD in the context of the nagBACD operon indicated its involvement in the recycling of cell ... displayed the coding sequence of the 5¢-end of the araL gene The putative ribosome-binding site, rbs, is underlined The 5¢-end of the araL gene present in the different constructs pLG5, pLG11, pLG12 and ... specificity or the lack thereof [10,13,20] Similar to the other members of the NagD family, AraL shares two Asp residues in the cap domain (Fig 2) To date, the number of characterized members of this...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

... authority of the Member State in whose territory the investigation is to be carried out of the investigation and of the identity of the authorised persons Officials of the competent authority of the ... proportionate to the nature and seriousness of the breach, the duration of the breach and the economic capacity of the credit rating agency concerned Detailed criteria for establishing the amount of the fines ... the adoption of a regulation on fees and the amendment of the annexes (19) Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20

... corporation Office of the Comptroller of the Currency Office of Thrift Supervision savings and loans Securities and Exchange Commission Summary of Deposits Department of the Treasury This is a work of the ... FDIC, the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) and SNL Financial relating to the number of exempt institutions, their geographic ... relating to the types of activities in which such institutions may engage, the availability and allocation of credit, the stability of the financial system and the economy, and the safe and sound...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20