biodegradable polymers in drug delivery systems

... used in the construction of drug delivery systems in not too long a time The functionalization of CNTs used in the construction of drug delivery systems will be discussed in later sections In vivo ... interesting field Apart from their uses in the cellular imaging with diagnostic effects in nanomedicine [4,5], CNTs are promising drug carriers in the target drug delivery systems for cancer therapies Unlike ... advantages for tracking and real-time monitoring of drug delivery efficacy in vivo Intracellular drug delivery To study the cellular drug delivery, in vitro experiments have unique advantages,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... generic reasons for using drug delivery systems For drug delivery systems containing biodegradable polymers, the major motivations for clinical use have been to deliver drugs that are required ... articles throughout 15.2 The Clinical Need for Drug Delivery Systems Drug delivery systems modify the kinetics or the location of the escape of the drug from the medicine Tables 15.1 and 15.2 provide ... be injected through syringe needles into the body Within the body, the system rapidly gels to form a delivery system that is retained at the site of administration If a drug is included within...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 08:20

... ~~~ (*adapted from Tomlinson6) DRUG PARTICLE ENGINEERING Drug particle engineering, or crystal engineering, provides an additional dimension to drug delivery and targeting Traditional methods ... Aspects of Drug Delivery Systems Table Mechanisms and properties influencing drug release from particle carrier systems* MECHANISM OF DRUG RELEASE PROPERTIES INFLUENC~NG DRUG DIFFUSION DRUG RELEASE ... lipoproteins DRUG DELIVERY AND TARGETING A diagramatic illustration of the inter-relationship between the components controlling the processes of drug delivery and targeting is presented in Figure In...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 10:20

... drug delivery Liposomes as drug delivery systems Polymers and polymeric systems for drug delivery Dendrimers for drug delivery GENERALITIES OF DRUG DELIVERY DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM Definition: A drug ... release drug delivery systems PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION IM: into a muscle (intramuscular) IV: into a vein (intravenous) SC: under the skin (subcutaneous) ID: into the skin (intradermal, intracutaneous) ... Sublingual delivery  Buccal delivery  Local delivery Sublingual delivery Buccal delivery Surface area: 100 cm2 Local delivery SUBLINGUAL AND BUCCAL DELIVERY Sublingual delivery Buccal delivery...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 15:37

... define drug- delivery systems of a certain size range Reflecting this trend of size definition, Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems is a worthy attempt to bring together a wide range of drug- delivery ... nanoparticulate drug- delivery systems, respectively Chapters to 10 discuss the engineering aspects and different techniques used for nanoparticulate drug- delivery systems, including nanoengineering, aerosol ... Poorly Soluble Drugs 71 Jan Möschwitzer and Rainer H Müller Lipid-Based Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems 89 Jun Wu, Xiaobin Zhao, and Robert J Lee Nanoengineering of Drug Delivery Systems Ashwath...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 14:47

... steroids and anti-histamines and be given the drug using slow infusions lasting a few hours Binding paclitaxel to albumin resulted in delivery of higher dose of drug in short period of time Because ... targeting of drugs to a specific site, and drug bioavailability A schematic comparison of untargeted and targeted drug delivery systems is shown in Figure Several anti-cancer drugs including paclitaxel ... action, increasing caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities, decreasing Akt activity, and increasing expression of TNF-α [47] Our research group is investigating the interaction of RGD-RNT to αvβ3 integrins,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... those in the plasma For other amino acids, such as alanine, arginine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine, the aqueous/plasma ratio ... addition of glycine, L-arginine, D-arginine, and L-glutamic acid have increased Isc in the presence but not in the absence of sodium in the medium, suggesting the possible existence of Na+-amino acid ... effect minimal In the past, a variety of approaches to topical drug delivery have been tested, including gelatin wafers or soft contact lenses soaked in drugs and placed on the cornea or in the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... distribution and elimination from tissues and organs following ocular administration and intravenous injection of falintolol in albino rabbits Meth Find Exp Clin Pharmacol., 11:747 123 Kleinberg, J., ... fluorescein is actively transported out of the retina In another example, Barza et al studied the ocular pharmacokinetics of carbenicillin, cefazolin, and gentamicin following intravitreal administration ... Pharmacokinetics of intravitreal carbenicillin, cefazolin, and gentamicin in rhesus monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci., 24:1602 82 Ohtori, A., and Tojo, K (1994) In vivo /in vitro correlation of intravitreal...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... follow drug protein binding J Chromatography 531:51–77 44 Rietbrock, N., and Woodcock, B., eds (1981) Progress in drug protein binding: proceedings of lectures presented at a symposium in Frankfurt ... the in vitro protein and melanin binding of drugs (54) Microdialysis is based on the principle of diffusion It involves perfusion of a probe, containing a semipermeable membrane, implanted in a ... and ascorbate was administered via an i.v bolus loading dose followed by maintenance incremental infusions in order to characterize the linear-to-nonlinear kinetic profile in blood to aqueous humor...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... site-specific delivery of drugs to intraocular tissues in the back of the eye (23) The increasing interest in intraocular delivery of peptide and protein drugs, drug therapy targeting posterior ... be beneficial in ocular drug delivery It was shown that mucus may inhibit the binding of chitosan to an epithelia surface and hence decreases its absorption-enhancing effect in intestinal epithelia ... microdialysis in pharmacokinetic studies on drug transport across the blood-brain barrier Brain Res Brain Res Rev 25:27–49 57 R Tao and S Hjorth (1992) Differences in the in vitro and in vivo 5-hydroxytryptamine...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... be used in place of epinephrine in this reactivation model Dipivefrin hydrochloride is a prodrug of epinephrine, which has increased corneal penetration compared to epinephrine In clinical studies, ... levo(-)epinephrine was significantly more potent than dextro(+)epinephrine for inducing HSV-1 ocular shedding The data suggested that the mechanism of induction of HSV-1 ocular shedding by epinephrine ... defects in the corneal epithelium The efficacy of iontophoretically delivered tobramycin was examined using a tobramycin-resistant strain of Pseudomonas (82) A strain of P aeruginosa with a minimum inhibitory...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... Cetrimide, cytochalasin B EDTA Taurocholate, taurodeoxycholate Effect Threefold increase in cyclosporine absorption Increased absorption of inulin Threefold increase in glycerol absorption Increased permeation ... sugar by insulin, increase in blood glucose by glucagon, analgesic effects by enkephalins, and increase in blood pressure by vasopressin Systemic peptide availability following ocular administration ... Route Peptide ACTH -Endorphin Calcitonin Glucagon Insulin Leu-enkephalin Met-enkephalin Oxytocin Somatostatin TRH Vasopressin VIP Application Antiallergic, decongestant anti -in ammatory Analgesic...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... particularly interesting in the treatment of dominantly inherited diseases In autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP), a substitution of histidine for proline occurs at codon 23 in the rhodopsin ... Retinal Diseases 585 nificant changes in normal retinal transmission and indicates the importance of GLAST in maintaining retinal function (200) Similarly, an antisense compound generated against ... neutrophins, and cytokines) in a continuous manner to the cells (41) Retinitis pigmentosa refers to a number of related inherited retinal diseases with an incidence of in 3000 An understanding of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... suggested in its labeling (FD&C Act Section 201(p)) New drugs require INDs for conducting clinical investigations and NDAs for marketing approval The terms drug and new drug are inclusive of the drug ... drug product by the FDA’s Drug Center (CDER) V CLINICAL TESTING OF NEW OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS A Human Versus Animal Testing Human drug products are often tested during development in ... biological and human drugs, eliminating the batch certification procedures for insulin and antibiotics, eliminating the separate regulations for antibiotics and drugs, streamlining the approval process...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... follow drug protein binding J Chromatography 531:51–77 44 Rietbrock, N., and Woodcock, B., eds (1981) Progress in drug protein binding: proceedings of lectures presented at a symposium in Frankfurt ... the in vitro protein and melanin binding of drugs (54) Microdialysis is based on the principle of diffusion It involves perfusion of a probe, containing a semipermeable membrane, implanted in a ... and ascorbate was administered via an i.v bolus loading dose followed by maintenance incremental infusions in order to characterize the linear-to-nonlinear kinetic profile in blood to aqueous humor...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20

... determined that binding of the in uenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase glycoproteins with sialic acid residues attached to a dendrimer resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in influenza infection ... antiproliferative drugs excelled in their in vivo intravitreal kinetics in rabbits compared to their corresponding controls A 10 g injection of adriamycin solution led to severe toxic reaction in the retina, ... entanglement These kinds of networks may be formed by: Physical intertwining of the polymers Bridging of the polymer chains Cross-linking of the polymer chains Thus, cross-linked polyacrylic acid...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20