biochemical processes for generating fuels and commodity chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass

... levels of AAC2 from rat, AAC1 from potato and AAC3 from Arabidopsis are much higher than those of the AAC1 and AAC2 isoforms from Arabidopsis and AAC1 from rat The hydrogenosomal AAC from Neocallimastix ... plate and dried with a fan Separation was carried out for 0.5 using 0.5 M sodium formiate (pH 3.4), for using M sodium formiate (pH 3.4) and the front was allowed to run for 15 cm with M sodium formiate ... Km values for AAC1 and AAC2 from rat mitochondria are about 40 lM for ADP and about 105 and 140 lM for ATP, respectively The presence of the protonophore CCCP increases the ATP affinity for both...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:20

... UI for margin and costing considerations When an option is exercised, the brokerage house charges a commission for executing an order on the UI for both the long and the short of the option For ... three ways: a closing buy or sell, abandonment, and exercising Buying and selling, as discussed earlier, are the most common methods of liquidation Abandonment and exercise are discussed here Exercising ... stock you can buy for $25 in the open market and put it to someone else for the strike price of $40 Your purchase price is $25, your sale price is $40, and your profit is therefore $15 Option charts...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... shifted the trading of options from a small overthe-counter backwater of the financial community to a huge and growing market and created a demand for greater information about options pricing ... drawbacks As a result, the model is no longer the standard for options on bonds, foreign exchange, and futures, though the standard models for these three items are modifications of the original ... the greeks and how they affect the price of an option; probability distributions and how they affect options; option pricing models and their advantages, disadvantages, and foibles and using them...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... divided by the initial investment The formula is: Return = (Profit or loss) ÷ initial investment For example, if you buy an IBM option for and sell it for 71 /2 , for a profit of 21 /2 , your return ... premium The formula for the simple break-even point for calls is: Simple break-even point = Strike price + call premium The price of the UI must climb by some amount before expiration for you to ... reward from the expected rally and the risk if there is no rally Thus, for an excellent guide to the relative risk and reward of holding various options, take the implied or estimated volatility for...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... divided by the initial investment The formula is: Return = (Profit or loss) ÷ initial investment For example, if you buy an IBM put option for and sell it for 71 /2 , for a profit of 21 /2 , your return ... costs for margin trades will be more than for cash trades The carrying cost for a cash transaction will only be the opportunity cost Carrying costs for trades on margin include the financing for ... drop by some amount before expiration for you to make any money at expiration For example, assume you bought OEX 180 options at 12 and the OEX was at 185 If the option expires and the OEX is at 178,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... short puts For example, if you short one UI and two puts, you have, for margin purposes, one covered put write and one naked short put Break-Even Point The formulas for the two break-evens for a ratio ... Table 15.3 shows the same situation for a bull call spread with the 645 call purchased for 103 /4 and the 650 call purchased for 77 /8 The dollar risk for a bull call spread is the net debit ... chart for a ratio covered put write The first, and main, reason for a ratio covered put write is to capture the time premium of the short puts This is usually accomplished by selling the UI and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... of the maximum risk and the point where it occurs, 650 Table 16.3 shows the same situation for a bear call spread with the 645 call sold for 103 /4 and the 650 call purchased for 77 /8 TABLE 16.3 ... you could initiate about three bear spreads for less investment than one put Maximum Risk Maximum risk is different for bear call and bear put spreads For a bear put spread, the maximum risk will ... two strike prices, in this case, 645 Table 16.1 shows the profit and loss for each of the two options and the net profit or loss for the total position at different prices of the MMI when it expires...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... Economic and Environmental Criteria – Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemicals 60 Table 4.2: Economic and Environmental Criteria – Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical and Chemicals 66 Table 4.3: Economic and ... Setup for MOO of Processes 91 Figure 5.3: Selected Results for Operation Optimization of VOC Recovery for PBT and PEI 95 Figure 5.4: Selected Results for Operation Optimization of VOC Recovery for ... Studied for Economic and Environmental Criteria 57 4.1 Introduction 57 4.2 Economic and Environmental Criteria 58 4.2.1 Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals 58 4.2.2 Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:38

... should be ongoing, the most crucial moments for counselling were before and after voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) and at onset of ART Several nurses and counsellors also mentioned the value ... knowledge and experience of reproductive health and HIV prevention and treatment services Contraception and barrier methods of infection prevention Men had little knowledge of services for contraception, ... 2.5 years for women (range weeks–8 years) and 2.8 years for men (range weeks–10 years) The average age of female (range 20–45 years) and male (range 26–57 years) respondents was 27 and 37 years...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 16:20

... one from bandwidth to largeur de bande., and one from bandwidth to either largeur or hap.de (type 2), or even through the two edges from bandwidth to largeur and bande (type 3), secondly, there ... in figure 1, for example, the association between bandwidth and largeur de bande can be obtained through the edge linking these two units (type 1), or through two edges, one from bandwidth to ... and l~ the number of English ones, where P(a,e~,f~) is the probability of observing the alignment a together with the English and French sentences, es and f~, and (a,e,f)~ -1 is a shorthand for...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... alternate conformations were observed for residues with longer and flexible side chains, such as Lys The number of alternate conformations was in the Comparison of ligand bound and unliganded PR structures ... occupancies of 0.6 and 0.4 and 0.8 and 0.2 for PR–p6pol-PR and PRV82A–p6pol-PR complexes, respectively As the p6pol-PR analog had 11 residues and extended out of the PR-binding pocket, both N- and C-terminal ... alternate conformations of P1¢ Nle (Fig 6B) Consequently, similar Ki values for PR and PRV82A were observed for both substrate analogs and UIC-94017 (0.3–1.6-fold) and increased by threefold for indinavir...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... implementers and donors, namely the collection and use of strategic information on human resources for health (HRH) for decision making and performance monitoring to achieve the MDGs for maternal and ... progress to reach MDGs and We also review innovative strategies and lessons learnt from countries that have used data and information to appropriately plan for and monitor HRH performance to accelerate ... Gupta et al.: Human resources for maternal, newborn and child health: from measurement and planning to performance for improved health outcomes Human Resources for Health 2011 9:16 Submit your...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... Zhi and Dr Erik Birgersson for being my examination committee and their constructive comments during my qualifying examination I wish to thank Sandy for taking care of lab related issues, and ... convey my deepest gratitude and warmest thanks to my siblings - Mrs Yatri Devi, Mr S B Gupta, and Mr R.B Gupta and all other relatives and friends for their love and cherished moments I will ... increased energy demand and severe global warming are two major but contradictory challenges Fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas) are supplying nearly 85% of total energy demand and their combustion...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:17

... Inland water Other water Total Grand total land and water 24.75 19.28 44.03 956.54 2.6 2.0 4.6 aAdapted from USDA Forest Service (1989) The data for forest, rangeland, and other land are for ... forbs, and shrubs suitable for grazing and browsing Other land areas include crop and pasture land and farmsteads, strip mines, permanent ice and snow, and land that does not fit any other land ... advanced technology and improved biomass growth and conversion processes and environmental issues are also discussed One chapter is also devoted to organic commodity chemicals from biomass Because...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:10

... Sixth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals" (1984), Biotechnol Bioeng Symp 14 "Proceedings ofthe Seventh Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals" (1985), Biotechnol Bioeng ... Eigth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals" (1986, Biotechnol Bioeng Symp 17 "Proceedings ofthe Ninth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals" (1988), Appl Biochem Biotechnol ... Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals" (1989), Appl Biochem Biotechnol 20,21 11 "Proceedings of the Eleventh Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals" (1990), Appl Biochem...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 10:20

... converting biomass pentose sugars to fuels and chemicals are essential for robust biomass- based processes This session discussed recent technological developments and understanding that will allow for ... Processing, and Composition Enzyme Catalysis and Engineering Microbial Catalysis and Engineering Bioprocessing including Separations Biotechnology for Fuels and ChemicalsPast, Present, and Future ... for Fuels and Chemicals The Twenty-Fifth Symposium Presented as Volumes 113116 of Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 10:24

... the store before buying Do not buy fresh cut items that are not refrigerated Clean • Wash hands with warm water and soap for at least 20 seconds before and after handling fresh fruits and vegetables ... the need for educational outreach to emphasize safe handling practices of produce from purchase to consumption Information from the Partnership for Food Safety Education - Produce Handling Education ... microbial standards for drinking water) • Establishing and implementing cleaning and sanitation schedules for containers and equipment that will be used in hydration • Establishing policies for the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 08:20

... Coomassie stained and major bands were excised and eluted in order to perform N-terminal sequencing Tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometric analysis of USP7 N-terminal and C-terminal TAP-tagged ... Switzerland) for providing expression vectors and USP7 cDNA as well as Shirley Gil-Parrado, Bruno Martoglio, Martin Renatus and Jorg Eder (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) ¨ ´ for support and helpful ... recent data reported for USP2 [25] and USP8 [39], suggesting that recognition of both the ubiquitin C-terminus and its core are equally important for catalysis The affinity of USP7 for Ub-AMC (KM ¼...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... in both dispersed and heterogeneous forms (supported) tsnl Advantanges of this Approach•The light absorption and energy levels of the semiconductor valence and conduction bands can be adjusted ... (Unstable) Cd, 5s Conduction Band light - - Energy 1.33 V + + Valence Band Mo, dz S 3p 2.4 V + + S 3p MoS2 CdS Kinetic stability occurs because both valence and conduction bands are localized on the ... •Examine nanocluster systems with mixed sizes (bandedges and potentials) to optimize solar absorbance while still allowing a sufficient driving force for the photooxidation process •Examine the photooxidation...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 20:20

... the C-terminal PCP (steps and in Fig 1A and see Fig S1A for representative structures of the different conformations) [12–15] These three conformations include an open conformation with little contact ... and changes from an open conformation to a more compact one [11,12] To identify the resulting protein fragments obtained from the partial tryptic digest, we performed in-gel tryptic digests and ... into the thioester conformation, this 1162 closed state is probably the thioester-forming conformation [13] Although similar digest patterns were observed for the apo- and holo-forms of A–PCP we...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:20