... varying difficulty and scope. In the sim-plest assignments, students experiment with one of the existing modules. Once students become morefamiliar withthe toolkit, they can be asked to makeminor ... porter.stem(token),stem is excit The corpora included with NLTK come with corpus readers that understand the file structureof the corpus, and load the data into Python datastructures. For example, the following ... 19104-2653, USAAbstract The NaturalLanguageToolkit is a suite ofprogram modules, data sets and tutorialssupporting research and teaching in com-putational linguistics and natural language processing....
... The device element cards in Spice then reference the modelname.Each device element card contains the device name, the nodes to which the device isconnected to, and the device model name. The ... element in the circuit is specified by an element line that contains the elementname, the circuit nodes to which the element is connected, and the values of the parameters that determine the electrical ... and where node 0 is the ground or reference node.A control line within the input deck is specified by a line containing a (.) in the firstcolumn, followed by the name of the control and its...
... of the Verilog-A language as presented in the LRM and the work within the OVI Verilog-A Technical Subcommittee. The goal of this book is to provide the designer a brief introduction into the ... Verilog-A Language Reference Manual (LRM) by the OVI Verilog-A Technical Subcommittee.These design objectives of the Verilog-A language were considered in the context ofmeeting the goals of the use ... in the design, accuracy in the representationof the design is crucial as the complexity of the development, as well as the diver-sity in the tools, becomes greater. The sequential nature of the...
... characteristics of the module. Because of mathematical and other properties associated with analog opera-tors, there are special considerations in their usage. These and other issues associated with the use ... satisfied:whereis the iteration of the solution for x. The reltol within the conver-gence criteria, is a global option of the simulation. The and are associ-ated withthe type, or nature of the unknown ... creates the instance named mod. The mod instanceis passed the value fc as the value for the parameter carrier_freq to the instance. The instance is connected to signals cin, din and clk within the...
... complete the transition in the specified time.If the new final value level is below the value level at the point of the interruption (the current value), transition uses the old destination as the ... used to define the relationships between the input and output signalsof the module. Statements within the Verilog-A language allows these contributionstatements used in defining the analog behaviors ... assignment in the Verilog-A language is sim-ilar to that in any programming language: 1. The probe-source formulation does not require that the output cannot also appear on the right-hand side of the...
... from the type of the value of the default value expression. If the type of the parameter is specified, and the value of the default expression conflicts with the declared type of the parameter, the ... instances, the vrange parameter is set to 5.0. Note that the parametervrange belongs to the module a2d. The expression that is used to initialize the parameter, 5.0, is evaluated in the context of the ... association is the other way to assign values to parameters. The order inwhich parameters are passed in the declaration or instantiation statement (within the “#( )”), correspond to the order in the definition...
... crossings of the output of the module when they are within +/- 5% of the final state value. The times of the cross-ings are recorded, the settling time being the difference between the latest ... Regulator The result of the measurement is printed to the standard output using the $strobesystem task. The results of the measurement simulation are shown in Figure 5.14. The results for the simulation ... the Spice model. The other values for the structural RC network were selected byfirst setting resistor R1 to 4000 ohms, calculating the capacitance C1 at and thenadjusting the value until the...
... friction, The back voltage generated by the motor istimes the angular frequency of the motor, , and the torque is times the currentthrough the motor, This is shown diagrammatically in Figure 5.30. The ... that the gears do not slip, then equating translational distance for the two gears in terms of their angular position yields: The relationship between the torque on the two shafts is related by the ... Frequency SynthesizerThis example illustrates design and analysis of a N.F frequency synthesizer, where Nis the integer multiple of the number and F is the fractional portion that the synthe-sizer...
... pole where the firstnumber in the pair is the real part of the zero, and the second is the imaginary part. The transfer function is:where is the coefficient of the power of s in the numerator, ... contains the coefficients of the numerator.For the denominator, is the vector of N real pairs, one for each pole where the firstnumber in the pair is the real part of the zero, and the second is the ... definitions. After a text macro is defined, it canbe used in the source description by using the (‘) character, followed by the macroname. The compiler substitutes thetext of the macro for the string‘macro_name.Lexical...
... The device element cards in Spice then reference the modelname.Each device element card contains the device name, the nodes to which the device isconnected to, and the device model name. The ... for Spice. The first card in the input deck must be atitle card, and the last card must be the .END control line. The order of the remainingelement and control lines is arbitrary. The input ... element in the circuit is specified by an element line that contains the elementname, the circuit nodes to which the element is connected, and the values of the parameters that determine the electrical...
... Notice that, in the same way that the generatee affects the execution of the generator, so the enabled action affects the execution of the enabling action. Consider the difference in the interpretation ... into the other room and get the urn of coffee. This connection requires reasoning about the effects of go with respect to the plan get x; notice that the (most direc0 connection between these ... "Position" the new concept in the right place in the lattice. The other component of an hybrid system is the assertional box, or A-box, where assertions are stored, and which is equipped with a theorem-prover....
... following the associative OUTPUTFROM link from wlne. If either of these tests succeed, then the object found is inferred to be the container poured from. At dlfferent times, either the ... in the sentence, there is nothing there to explicitly relate turning on the faucet and filling the glass. The glass could conceivably be filled with milk from a carton. However, in the ... appearing in either the enabled act or In the enabling act, wherever one left a slot unspecified, and the other had that slot filled. These newly filled slots can propagate back along the causal...
... probably the most natural of the natural- language modes. ~ence, a fascination exists with machines thac respond to spoken commands with synthetic speech responses to create a natural- language ... with machines. The problem with unrestricted natural language for cor-unicacion with machines is chaC no automatic way has yec beeu discovered Co extract meaning in either the speech or textual ... one mode over the other. Thus, in the end the future will be decided by the votes of consumers in the marketplace as they choose from the many options presented by technology. The shrewd enCerpreneur...
... producing the final solution. In contrast, in the expert system environment, the underlying expert system has responsibility coming up with a solution to the given problem and thus, thenaturallanguage ... information to take the responsibility for directing the discourse towards the solution of the goal (see Matthews 84). Moreover, the goal itself is made clear in the course of the discourse. Such ... that explanation will be part of naturallanguage dialog with the system, allowing the user maximum flexibility in interacting withthe system and allowing the system maximum opportunity to...