advances in biodegradable ocular drug delivery systems

... used in the construction of drug delivery systems in not too long a time The functionalization of CNTs used in the construction of drug delivery systems will be discussed in later sections In vivo ... interesting field Apart from their uses in the cellular imaging with diagnostic effects in nanomedicine [4,5], CNTs are promising drug carriers in the target drug delivery systems for cancer therapies Unlike ... advantages for tracking and real-time monitoring of drug delivery efficacy in vivo Intracellular drug delivery To study the cellular drug delivery, in vitro experiments have unique advantages,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... generic reasons for using drug delivery systems For drug delivery systems containing biodegradable polymers, the major motivations for clinical use have been to deliver drugs that are required ... articles throughout 15.2 The Clinical Need for Drug Delivery Systems Drug delivery systems modify the kinetics or the location of the escape of the drug from the medicine Tables 15.1 and 15.2 provide ... be injected through syringe needles into the body Within the body, the system rapidly gels to form a delivery system that is retained at the site of administration If a drug is included within...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 08:20

... ~~~ (*adapted from Tomlinson6) DRUG PARTICLE ENGINEERING Drug particle engineering, or crystal engineering, provides an additional dimension to drug delivery and targeting Traditional methods ... Aspects of Drug Delivery Systems Table Mechanisms and properties influencing drug release from particle carrier systems* MECHANISM OF DRUG RELEASE PROPERTIES INFLUENC~NG DRUG DIFFUSION DRUG RELEASE ... lipoproteins DRUG DELIVERY AND TARGETING A diagramatic illustration of the inter-relationship between the components controlling the processes of drug delivery and targeting is presented in Figure In...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 10:20

... drug delivery Liposomes as drug delivery systems Polymers and polymeric systems for drug delivery Dendrimers for drug delivery GENERALITIES OF DRUG DELIVERY DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM Definition: A drug ... release drug delivery systems PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION IM: into a muscle (intramuscular) IV: into a vein (intravenous) SC: under the skin (subcutaneous) ID: into the skin (intradermal, intracutaneous) ... Sublingual delivery  Buccal delivery  Local delivery Sublingual delivery Buccal delivery Surface area: 100 cm2 Local delivery SUBLINGUAL AND BUCCAL DELIVERY Sublingual delivery Buccal delivery...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 15:37

... define drug- delivery systems of a certain size range Reflecting this trend of size definition, Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems is a worthy attempt to bring together a wide range of drug- delivery ... nanoparticulate drug- delivery systems, respectively Chapters to 10 discuss the engineering aspects and different techniques used for nanoparticulate drug- delivery systems, including nanoengineering, aerosol ... of SN38, a camptothecin analog used as antineoplastic drug They showed improved drug loading Nanoparticulate Drug- Delivery Systems FIGURE Three steps involved in constructing the multifunctional...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 14:47

... steroids and anti-histamines and be given the drug using slow infusions lasting a few hours Binding paclitaxel to albumin resulted in delivery of higher dose of drug in short period of time Because ... targeting of drugs to a specific site, and drug bioavailability A schematic comparison of untargeted and targeted drug delivery systems is shown in Figure Several anti-cancer drugs including paclitaxel ... action, increasing caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities, decreasing Akt activity, and increasing expression of TNF-α [47] Our research group is investigating the interaction of RGD-RNT to αvβ3 integrins,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Communications and Networking formulas are inferred for the path loss, slow- and fastfading, and interference modeling A comparison with a physical-optics-based ray-tracing model is also successfully ... dealt with by the following papers The paper by Jemai and K¨ rner investigates the peru formance boundaries of a calibrated ray-tracing model in indoor scenarios It is indeed well known that the ... theoretical models are capable of making very accurate predictions in a deterministic manner The output being specific to particular locations rather than being an average value, the model can...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... those in the plasma For other amino acids, such as alanine, arginine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine, the aqueous/plasma ratio ... General Considerations in Ocular Drug Delivery James E Chastain 59 II Transport Models in Ocular Drug Delivery Ocular Drug Transfer Following Systemic Drug Administration 109 Nelson L Jumbe and ... addition of glycine, L-arginine, D-arginine, and L-glutamic acid have increased Isc in the presence but not in the absence of sodium in the medium, suggesting the possible existence of Na+-amino acid...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... distribution and elimination from tissues and organs following ocular administration and intravenous injection of falintolol in albino rabbits Meth Find Exp Clin Pharmacol., 11:747 123 Kleinberg, J., ... fluorescein is actively transported out of the retina In another example, Barza et al studied the ocular pharmacokinetics of carbenicillin, cefazolin, and gentamicin following intravitreal administration ... Inc General Considerations in Ocular Drug Delivery 69 intraocular penetration of topically applied fluorescein in healthy human eyes using fluorophotometry (39) Upper and lower punctal plugs in...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... to initiation of each experiment The ocular pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins were investigated following intravitreal administration of 500 mg dose of cephalexin, cephazolin, and cephalothin, ... follow drug protein binding J Chromatography 531:51–77 44 Rietbrock, N., and Woodcock, B., eds (1981) Progress in drug protein binding: proceedings of lectures presented at a symposium in Frankfurt ... the in vitro protein and melanin binding of drugs (54) Microdialysis is based on the principle of diffusion It involves perfusion of a probe, containing a semipermeable membrane, implanted in a...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... site-specific delivery of drugs to intraocular tissues in the back of the eye (23) The increasing interest in intraocular delivery of peptide and protein drugs, drug therapy targeting posterior ... used in ocular delivery systems Adv Drug Delivery Rev 16:61–73, 1995 53 Calvo, P., Alonson, M J., Vila-Jato, J L., and Robinson, J R Improved ocular bioavailability of indomethacin by novel ocular ... be beneficial in ocular drug delivery It was shown that mucus may inhibit the binding of chitosan to an epithelia surface and hence decreases its absorption-enhancing effect in intestinal epithelia...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... be used in place of epinephrine in this reactivation model Dipivefrin hydrochloride is a prodrug of epinephrine, which has increased corneal penetration compared to epinephrine In clinical studies, ... levo(-)epinephrine was significantly more potent than dextro(+)epinephrine for inducing HSV-1 ocular shedding The data suggested that the mechanism of induction of HSV-1 ocular shedding by epinephrine ... Review: Delivery systems for intraocular routes, Adv Drug Delivery Rev., 16:107–123 132 Velez, G., and Whitcup, S M (1999) New developments in sustained release drug delivery for the treatment of intraocular...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... sugar by insulin, increase in blood glucose by glucagon, analgesic effects by enkephalins, and increase in blood pressure by vasopressin Systemic peptide availability following ocular administration ... inulin Threefold increase in glycerol absorption Increased permeation of insulin and FITC-dextran of insulin could be improved in the following descending order by coadministration of the permeation ... Route Peptide ACTH -Endorphin Calcitonin Glucagon Insulin Leu-enkephalin Met-enkephalin Oxytocin Somatostatin TRH Vasopressin VIP Application Antiallergic, decongestant anti -in ammatory Analgesic...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... particularly interesting in the treatment of dominantly inherited diseases In autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP), a substitution of histidine for proline occurs at codon 23 in the rhodopsin ... Retinal Diseases 585 nificant changes in normal retinal transmission and indicates the importance of GLAST in maintaining retinal function (200) Similarly, an antisense compound generated against ... neutrophins, and cytokines) in a continuous manner to the cells (41) Retinitis pigmentosa refers to a number of related inherited retinal diseases with an incidence of in 3000 An understanding of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... suggested in its labeling (FD&C Act Section 201(p)) New drugs require INDs for conducting clinical investigations and NDAs for marketing approval The terms drug and new drug are inclusive of the drug ... drug product by the FDA’s Drug Center (CDER) V CLINICAL TESTING OF NEW OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS A Human Versus Animal Testing Human drug products are often tested during development in ... biological and human drugs, eliminating the batch certification procedures for insulin and antibiotics, eliminating the separate regulations for antibiotics and drugs, streamlining the approval process...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... to initiation of each experiment The ocular pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins were investigated following intravitreal administration of 500 mg dose of cephalexin, cephazolin, and cephalothin, ... follow drug protein binding J Chromatography 531:51–77 44 Rietbrock, N., and Woodcock, B., eds (1981) Progress in drug protein binding: proceedings of lectures presented at a symposium in Frankfurt ... the in vitro protein and melanin binding of drugs (54) Microdialysis is based on the principle of diffusion It involves perfusion of a probe, containing a semipermeable membrane, implanted in a...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20