a vehicle for grammar modularity

... desiderata. 1 Introduction Development of large scale grammars for natural languages is an active area of research in human language technology. Such grammars are devel- oped not only for purposes ... theoretical linguis- tic research, but also for natural language applica- tions such as machine translation, speech genera- tion, etc. Wide-coverage grammars are being de- veloped for various languages ... Haifa shuly@cs.haifa.ac.il Abstract This work provides the essential founda- tions for modular construction of (typed) unification grammars for natural lan- guages. Much of the information in such grammars...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

Ngày tải lên: 28/08/2013, 17:00

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 11:15

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 11:15

... (called pathetic fallacy); for example, Path. fallacy Nonessential loads can take advantage of voltage regulation, but essential loads cannot. Better For nonessential loads, designers can take ... emphasis: parallelism. As discussed in sections 1.8.1 and 2.3, parallelism is grammatically required at times. It can also be used to Chapter 1. Grammar Page 1 Chapter 1. Grammar 1.1. Grammar and ... transverse and shear strain is calculated for each specimen. (two strains) Correct The transverse and the shear strain is calculated for each specimen. Or The transverse and shear strains are calculated...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 00:20

... edu. au Abstract In applications such as translation and paraphrase, operations are carried out on grammars at the meta level. This pa- per shows how a meta -grammar, defining structure at ... Constraint-Based Paraphrasing. Natural Language Processing and In- dustrial Applications (NLPq-IA98), 213-219. Dras, Mark. forthcoming. Tree Adjoining Grammar and the Reluctant Paraphrasing ... A Meta-Level Grammar: Redefining Synchronous TAG for Translation and Paraphrase Mark Dras Microsoft Research Institute Department of Computer Science Macquarie University, Australia markd@±cs,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 06:20

... diversity Hallidey has provldat for systemic grammar is useful for our pu~__o'-'e~-__; The fact that grammatical structure is multi.layered means that those aspects of grammatical structure ... a grammar and a lexicon can actually be mate to function as more than just structure generators. One issue reiatat to this that has been brought uD was that different ~ external to the grammar ... representation • a novel and hitherto unexplored combination] 1. THE PLACE OF A GRAMMAR AND A LEXICON IN PENMAN This gaper will view a grammar and a lexicon as integral parts of a text production...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:20

... FUNCTIONAL UNIFICATION GRAMMAR: A FORMALISM FOR MACHINE TRANSLATION Martin Kay Xerox Palo Alto Research Center 3333 Coyote Hill Road Palo Alto California 94304 and CSLI, Stanford Abstract ... steps in a carefully prescribed order. • These advantages are available in large measure through a class of formal devices that are slowly gaining acceptance in linguistics and which are based ... elementary events take place is of little importance. Lexical Functional Grammar and Generalized Phrase-Structure grammar share these relational and monotonic properties. They are also characteristics...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

... dependency grammars from corpora. In Workshop Notes for Statistically- Based NLP Techniques, AAAI, pages 1–13. David Chiang. 2005. A hierarchical phrase-based model for statistical machine translation. ... American Chapter of the Asso- ciation for Computational Linguistics, pages 74–82, Boulder, Colorado, June. Association for Computa- tional Linguistics. Shay B. Cohen, Dipanjan Das, and Noah A. Smith. ... a Large Annotated Corpus of English: The Penn Treebank. Computa- tional Linguistics, 19(2):313–330. Tahira Naseem and Regina Barzilay. 2011. Using se- mantic cues to learn syntax. In AAAI. Tahira...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 14:20

... LEXICAL FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR AS A BASE FOR A NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM Werner Frey and Uwe Reyle Department of Llngulstlcs University of Stuttgart W-Germany O. ABSIRACr ~ne aim ... logical relations? Recall that each clause has a unique head end that the functional features of each phrase are identified with those of its head. For (3) the head of S -~> NPVP is the VP and ... transformations. It ~nphasizes the role of the grammatical f~Ictions and of the lexicon. Another powerful formalism for describing natural languages follows from a method of expressing grammars...

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Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 13:43

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 18:20

... \`^abc^db`eafb[ad`^\[_ d^^\`^agh]ijdg]^db` Z[\]^_\`^aS B k \jdg]ha_]`]l\_\`^ mandeoaf]g^b [a_ bjdfdg]^db` mapq\[gde\ac[bl[]__\ Z[\]^_\`^aT B n]jdbhbldg]ha_]`]l\_\`^ mandeoaf]g^b [a_ bjdfdg]^db` marich\qaeg]` mas\[dct\[]ha]`ldbl[]ctua]`j ]`ldbch]e^u Z[\]^_\`^av B wi[ldg]ha_]`]l\_\`^ mandeoaf]g^b [a_ bjdfdg]^db` maxuc]eeac[bg\ji[\ 01234 ... +"(#$%&'$*,13$#%+(3+63$"%$"#$,(15$.,(4 #"3'6'3$"-%&'L971'M$#.+($6'#91%$"#$'89"),.+1$;@"*96'$> /A/ N?/O1'+#'$#'' <&+7%'6$= /A/  BP !HFDHC IJ&+#$76,)'3$%,$:'$76'%%5$+ 96+%'$"($"3'(%"-5"(*$#%'(,#"#$ +(3$.+( ... !"#$%&'$"()'#%"*+%",($, &,".'/0%$.+($1,.+1"#'$%&'$#%'(,#"#2"3'(4 %"-5$%&'$3'*6''$,-%&'$#%'(,#"#$+(3$.&+6+.%'6"#'$%&'$71+89'$+%$%&'$.+6,%"3 :"-96.+%",($;#''$<&+7%'6$=/>?$;@"*96'$> /A/ A?/  B...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 11:02

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Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2012, 10:02

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2012, 10:02

... river basin management and/or ecosystem-based river basin management (Nakamura, 2003). Embedded in these approaches are the concepts of participatory management and adaptive management (Miser and ... actions. 1.2.3. Integrated management and policy analysis Integrated management Rapid changes of objectives and methodological approaches towards the management of natural resources and ... criterion. A performance criterion defines what aspect of the model we want to examine and what references are used for this examination. For example, a certain performance criterion was drafted as...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2012, 10:35