a unified energybased framework for unsupervised learning

... lexeme. A particular natu- ral language may have many paradigms. In Eng- lish, a language with very little inflectional mor- phology, there are at least two paradigms, a noun paradigm consisting ... language and proposes candidate mor- pheme boundaries at every character boundary in every word form in the corpus vocabulary. I call each string before a candidate morpheme boundary a candidate ... 4.1 Candidate Inflection Class Search Space To define a search space wherein inflection classes of a natural language can be identified, my algorithm accepts as input a monolingual corpus for...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

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Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:23

... opportunity for innovation Chaos unabated teS up mechanisms (such as parallel teams) to take advantage of opportunities afforded by a chaotic environment egaruocnE advisers to challenge your ... to manage chaos and innovation in parallel: The minute you encounter a crisis, appoint a reliable manager or crisis manage- ment team to resolve the issue. At the same time, pick out a separate ... applications, from helping a pharma- ceutical company develop a new product strategy to assisting a Canadian provincial government in its efforts to engage employees in policy making. The framework...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 21:20

... represented by a bag-of-word. Among the words, there is a topic term Avatar (t 1 ) occurring twice, i.e. Avatar in A and Avatar in C, and two senti- ment words comfortable (o 1 ) and favorite (o 2 ) ... 4.1.1 Benchmark Datasets Our experiments are based on the Chinese benchmark dataset, COAE08 (Zhao et al., 2008). COAE dataset is the benchmark data set for the opinion retrieval track in the ... Vital < 性能 不 > Performance No 1373 fortable (o 1 ) are also regarded as relevant opi- nion mistakenly, creating a false positive. In re- ality comfortable (o 1 ) describes “the seats...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... (a) its IMM capital charge based on current parameter calibrations for EAD and (b) its IMM capital charge based on stressed parameter calibrations for EAD. For IRB banks, the risk weights applied ... standardised CVA risk capital charge 104. When a bank does not have the required approvals to use paragraph 98 to calculate a CVA capital charge for its counterparties, the bank must calculate a portfolio ... SFT transactions are material. A. Banks with IMM approval and Specific Interest Rate Risk VaR model 34 approval for bonds: Advanced CVA risk capital charge 98. Banks with IMM approval for counterparty...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:20

... important subtask for many natural language processing applications, such as partial parsing, information retrieval and machine translation. A baseNP is a simple noun phrase that does not contain other ... pp.218-224. COLING-ACL’98 Lance A. Ramshaw and Michael P. Marcus ( In Press). Text chunking using transformation-based learning. In Natural Language Processing Using Very large Corpora. Kluwer. Originally appeared in ... Treebank II, and the definition of baseNP is the same as Ramshaw’s, Table 1 summarizes the average performance on both baseNP tagging and POS tagging, each section of the whole Penn Treebank was...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:20

... 176. Aleksander Kolcz, Vidya Prabakarmurthi and Jugal Kalita. 2001. Summarization as feature selection for text categorization. In Proc. of Conference on Information and Knowledge Management : ... Inderjeet Mani and Mark T. Maybury Advances in automatic text summarization . MIT Press, Cambridge, 1999. Sameer R. Maskey and Julia Hirschberg. 2003. Automatic Summarization of Broadcast News ... & Management, 42, (1): 31 - 55. ChengXiang Zhai. Statistical language models for information retrieval . Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2008. Justin Jian Zhang, Ho Yin Chan and Pascale...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... automata-theoretic characterizations means that re- sults concerning the complexity of natural languages will have implications for the nature of the human language faculty. These automata-theoretic charac- ... the realms of GPSG and GB. 1 Introduction Generative grammar and formal language theory share a common origin in a procedural notion of grammars: the grammar formalism provides a gen- eral ... of all analyses that can occur in human lan- guages. The principles then distinguish particular sub-languages the head-final or the pro-drop lan- guages, for instance. Each realized human language...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... Lexical Chain Features 4.1 Chain starts and ends We follow (Chan et al. 2007) to model the lexi- cal chain starts and ends at a story boundary with a statistical distribution. We apply a window ... of lexical chain starts and ends. We further extend this approach in two aspects: 1) a Bayesian decision framework is used; 2) chain continuations straddling across boundaries are taken into ... the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conference Short Papers, pages 265–268, Suntec, Singapore, 4 August 2009. c 2009 ACL and AFNLP Automatic Story Segmentation using a Bayesian Decision Framework for Statistical...

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Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... evaluation metrics are able to closely approximate human evaluations for various applications. Given an application app and an evaluation guideline package eval, the faithfulness/compactness ... separately evaluated. Each version was evaluated by a human evaluator, with no reference answer available. For this evaluation 115 test questions were used, and the human evaluator was asked ... predicts that the automatic evaluation metrics that explain most of the variation in the human evaluation must have a median α and a median N. As seen in Table 6, our evaluation framework correctly...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... source and target lan- guage, and alternative translation possibilities are expressed as alternative edges. Edges are further annotated with feature values, and are annotated with the source span ... prun- ing, and cube growing (Huang and Chiang, 2007). 5 Semiring framework Semirings are a useful mathematical abstraction for dealing with translation forests since many useful quantities can be ... T. Ward, and W J. Zhu. 2002. BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation. In Proc. of ACL, pages 311–318. M. Riedmiller and H. Braun. 1993. A direct adaptive method for faster...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... shortest path algorithm of Dijkstra (Cormen et al., 2001). 6 qtag exists as a downloadable JAR file and can therefore be integrated into a platform inde- pendent JAVA program. For more information, ... Google API can be adjusted for the corresponding search task. The tasks we used for our framework are a search in the titles of the web pages and a search in the text of the web pages. Adjusting ... task-oriented evaluation setup and to ameliorate the results with various techniques. As natural language texts are not only rich in hi- erarchical relations but in other semantic relations as...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20