a unified syntactic model

... Communication Re- search Centre, University of Edinburgh. John Hale, Izhak Shafran, Lisa Yung, Bonnie Dorr, Mary Harper, Anna Krasnyanskaya, Matthew Lease, Yang Liu, Brian Roark, Matthew Snover, and ... modified for use in a special repair grammar, which not only reduces the amount of available training data, but violates our intuition that most reparanda are fluent up until the actual edit occurs. The ... syntax trees using this model achieve high accuracy on the standard Switchboard parsing task. 1 Introduction Speech repairs occur when a speaker makes a mis- take and decides to partially retrace...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... weights. “about” ahbawt:15, bawt:9, ihbawt:4, ahbawd:4, ih- bawd:4, ahbaat:2, baw:1, ahbaht:1, erbawd:1, bawd:1, ahbaad:1, ahpaat:1, bah:1, baht:1, ah:1, ahbahd:1, ehbaat:1, ahbaed:1, ihbaht:1, baot:1 “wanna” waanah:94, ... ihbaht:1, baot:1 “wanna” waanah:94, waanih:37, wahnah:16, waan:13, wahneh:8, wahnih:5, wahney:3, waanlih:3, wehnih:2, waaneh:2, waonih:2, waaah:1, wuhnih:1, wahn:1, waantah:1, waanaa:1, wowiy:1, waaih:1, wah:1, waaniy:1 Table ... learning mechanism. In Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at EACL. Armen Allahverdyan and Aram Galstyan. 2011. Compar- ative analysis of Viterbi training and ML estimation for HMMs. In Advances...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... Dependency Parsing Manabu Sassano Yahoo Japan Corporation Midtown Tower, 9-7-1 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6211, Japan msassano@yahoo-corp.jp Sadao Kurohashi Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto ... University Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan kuro@i.kyoto-u.ac.jp Abstract We describe an algorithm for Japanese analysis that does both base phrase chunk- ing and dependency parsing simultane- ously ... Linear-time dependency analysis for Japanese. In Proc. of COLING 2004, pages 8–14. S. Sekine, K. Uchimoto, and H. Isahara. 2000. Back- ward beam search algorithm for dependency analysis of Japanese....

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... Machine trans- lation with a stochastic grammatical channel. In Proceedings of ACL’98, pages 1408–1414, Mon- treal, Canada. Kenji Yamada and Kevin Knight. 2001. A syntax- based statistical translation ... translation model and a de- scription of its parameters. 3 Building a statistical translation memory Companies that specialize in producing high- quality human translations of documentation and news ... mapped into a tar- get f. Once the parameters of the language and translation models are estimated using traditional maximum likelihood and EM techniques (Demp- ster et al., 1977), one can take...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... pages doi:10.1155/2009/589260 Research Article A Unified View of Adaptive Variable-Metric Projection Algorithms Masahiro Yukawa 1 and Isao Yamada 2 1 Mathematical Neuroscience Laboratory, BSI, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama ... Numerical examples have demonstrated the remarkable advantages of V-APSM and its robustness against a moderate amount of metric-fluctuations. Also the examples have shown that the use of small step ... 2009. [36] M. Yukawa and W. Utschick, A fast stochastic gradient algorithm: maximal use of sparsification benefits under com- putational constraints,” to appear in IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... per- formances of two approaches: transmit-first OSA (TFOSA) approach and transmit-last OSA (TLOSA) approach. TFOSA means that the secondary user starts to transmit at the first time slot and keeps transmitting ... of optimal OSA approach and that of TFOSA approach caused by sensing errors are about 2%, and spectrum holes utilization of optimal OSA approach is still better than that of TFOSA approach. In ... study and compare the performances of optimal OSA approach, TFOSA approach, and fixed STR approach in the case that collision tolerable level σ = 0.02. In plot (a) , after the channel-usage estimate...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... linear array Uniform circular array Figure 2:SystemmodelforaULAandaUCAwithM = 4-elements and D>Msingle-antenna users. 2.2. Uniform linear array In the ULA configuration, isotropic antenna elements ... Spatial filtering A spatial filter exploits the fact that user signals incident on the antenna array with greater spread in AOA interfere with each other less than signals that are closely spaced ... diversity gain. Simulation results and a complexity analysis indicate that the approach is suitablefor practical application. Copyright © 2008 Michael Krause et al. This is an open access article...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... is part of the Lancaster Treebank corpus and contains 1473 sentences. Each sentence con- tains hand-labeled syntactic roles for natural lan- guage text. A. 200 A. 400 A. 600 A. 800 A. 1000 A. 1200 A. 1400 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 B.200 B.400 B.600 B.800 B.1000 B.1200 B.1400 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 F C.200 C.400 C.600 C.800 C.1000 C.1200 C.1400 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 F Figure ... different model on the Lan- caster Treebank data set. The models used in this evaluation were trained with observation data from the Lancaster Treebank training set. The training set and testing set are ... modified hidden Markov model Lin-Yi Chou University of Waikato Hamilton New Zealand lc55@cs.waikato.ac.nz Abstract This paper explores techniques to take ad- vantage of the fundamental difference...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... linguistically motivated grammar (a hand-crafted Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar) and a statistical model estimating the probability of a parse tree. The language model is applied by means of an N-best ... create an artificial recognition task with manageable complexity. Our primary aim was to design a task which allows us to investigate the properties of our grammar-based approach and to compare ... grammar accept arbitrary sequences of words and phrases. To keep the gram- mar restrictive, such sequences are penalized by the statistical model. Accurate hand-crafted grammars have been ap- plied...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... Weka (Hall et al., 2009) to train a machine learning classifier, and in the final step this classifier is used to automatically classify the candidate sense pairs as (non-)valid alignment. Our framework ... standard as a potential data model, they do not make use of it. Shi and Mihalcea (2005) integrate FN, VN and WN, and Palmer (2009) presents a combination of Propbank, VN and FN in a resource called ... Ryant, and Martha Palmer. 2008. A Large-scale Classification of English Verbs. Language Resources and Evalu- ation, 42:21–40. Claudia Kunze and Lothar Lemnitzer. 2002. Ger- maNet – representation,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... steady flow refrigeration cycle model consisting of a constant thermal-capacity heating branch, two constant thermal- capacity cooling branches and two adiabatic branches with the consideration ... endoreversible refrigeration cycle model consisting of a constant thermal-capacity heating branch, two constant thermal-capacity cooling branches and two adiabatic branches is viewed as a production ... 1 and 2 is a heating branch with constant thermal capacity (mass flow rate and specific heat product) in C ; the processes between 3 and 4, and 4 and 5 are two cooling branches with constant...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 17:08

... rectangular and jagged. Rectangular arrays like matrices have more than one index and have a fixed size for each dimension. The comma (,) separates each dimension in the array declaration as illustrated ... polymorphic call, dynamically binds an invocation with the appropriate method via a virtual table that is generated for each object. When classes already contain declared virtual methods, a derived class ... myArray; // (1) myArray = new int[3]; // (2) At step (1), a reference variable called myArray is created for an int array. At step (2), space is allocated to store three int values. The square...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2013, 06:20

... words,  dS 1 S 1 has instantaneous variance  2 1 ,  dS 2 S 2 has instantaneous variance  2 2 ,  dS 1 S 1 and dS 2 S 2 have instantaneous covariance  1  2 . Accumulation factor:  t = exp  Z t 0 rdu  : The ... dB 1  =  1   1 S 1  1 + 1   2 S 2  2  d e B 1 : Notice that e B 2 does not appear. Let V be an F T  -measurable random variable. If V depends on B 2 , then it can probably not be hedged. For example, if V = hS 1 T ;S 2 T; and  1 or  2 depend ...  2  2 d e B 2  : Let V be F T  -measurable. Define the f IP -martingale Y t= f IE  V T     Ft  ; 0tT: CHAPTER 19. A two-dimensional market model 207 More precisely, we define the f IP -martingale Y t= f IE  V T     Ft  ;...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:16

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:16

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:16

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:16