a generalized vector space model

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... of target different content words (Japanese) 6,686 Table 3 Corpus statistics Lexical transfer using a vector- space model Eiichiro SUMITA ATR Spoken Language Translation Research Laboratories ... Laboratories 2-2 Hikaridai, Seika, Soraku Kyoto 619-0288, Japan sumita@slt.atr.co.jp Abstract Building a bilingual dictionary for transfer in a machine translation system is conventionally ... using matrix PRICAI-00, 2000, (to appear). Tanaka H. (1995) Statistical Learning of “Case Frame Tree” for Translating English Verbs, Journal of NLP, 2/3, pp. 49-72, (in Japanese). Yamada, S.,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... (Kim and Hovy, 2004), information retrieval-based approach (Turney and Littman, 2003) and machine learning approach (Pang et al., 2002), in which the last approach is found very popular. Pang ... In fact, many literatures have been produced to address the sentiment analysis problem in natu- ral language processing research. Three approaches are dominating, i.e. knowledge-based approach ... on audio signal to make a decision using machine learning algorithms (Li and Ogihara, 2006; Lu et al., 2006). Typically, the sentiment classes are de- fined based on the Thayer’s arousal-valence...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... measure shows substantial im- provement in structural disambiguation over a syntax-based approach. 1. Introduction In a large natural language processing system, such as a machine translation ... R&D Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park Hsinchu, TAIWAN 30077, R.O.C. ABSTRACT In natural language processing, ambiguity res- olution is a central issue, and can be regarded as a ... from a semantic representation. In general, a particular interpretation of a sentence can be represented by an annotated syntax tree (AST), which is a syntax tree annotated with fea- ture...

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Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... steady flow refrigeration cycle model consisting of a constant thermal-capacity heating branch, two constant thermal- capacity cooling branches and two adiabatic branches with the consideration ... endoreversible refrigeration cycle model consisting of a constant thermal-capacity heating branch, two constant thermal-capacity cooling branches and two adiabatic branches is viewed as a production ... 1 and 2 is a heating branch with constant thermal capacity (mass flow rate and specific heat product) in C ; the processes between 3 and 4, and 4 and 5 are two cooling branches with constant...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 17:08

... words,  dS 1 S 1 has instantaneous variance  2 1 ,  dS 2 S 2 has instantaneous variance  2 2 ,  dS 1 S 1 and dS 2 S 2 have instantaneous covariance  1  2 . Accumulation factor:  t = exp  Z t 0 rdu  : The ... dB 1  =  1   1 S 1  1 + 1   2 S 2  2  d e B 1 : Notice that e B 2 does not appear. Let V be an F T  -measurable random variable. If V depends on B 2 , then it can probably not be hedged. For example, if V = hS 1 T ;S 2 T; and  1 or  2 depend ...  2  2 d e B 2  : Let V be F T  -measurable. Define the f IP -martingale Y t= f IE  V T     Ft  ; 0tT: CHAPTER 19. A two-dimensional market model 207 More precisely, we define the f IP -martingale Y t= f IE  V T     Ft  ;...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 15:17

... Second, a continuous-time model provides a convenient characterization of the optimal contract through an ordinary differential equation. With this characterization we can say a great deal about ... at any time. Because the agent can always underreport and steal at rate γ R until termination, any incentive compatible strategy yields the agent at least R. In contrast, this constraint may ... must hold cash in the bank with a balance equal to −D as a condition of the credit line. Both the required capital K and the compensating balance −D are funded through a large initial draw on the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2014, 22:16

... companies. What senior managers needed was a plan expressed in terms of three broad, critical success factors: qualitative factors, or- ganizational factors, and quantitative factors. To take advantage ... company as a whole ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS Coordination of organizational behavior in project management is a delicate bal- ancing act, something like sitting on a bar stool. Bar stools usually come ... 13 Environmental Opportunities and Threats Organizational Strengths and Weaknesses Gathering of Information Firm’s Social Responsibility Managerial Values of Management Evaluation of Information Strategy Evaluation Strategy Selection Strategy Implementation External Analysis Internal Analysis FIGURE...

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2014, 16:33

... various language-pairs, one issue is that matching syn- tactic analysis can not always guarantee a good translation, and violating syntactic structure does not always induce a bad translation. Marton and Resnik ... equation (3) or equation (4), which estimates a probability that a source span is to be translated as a unit within partic- ular syntactic contexts. If a source span can be translated as a unit, ... 315–323, Suntec, Singapore, 2-7 August 2009. c 2009 ACL and AFNLP A Syntax-Driven Bracketing Model for Phrase-Based Translation Deyi Xiong, Min Zhang, Aiti Aw and Haizhou Li Human Language Technology Institute...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 07:20

... Communication Re- search Centre, University of Edinburgh. John Hale, Izhak Shafran, Lisa Yung, Bonnie Dorr, Mary Harper, Anna Krasnyanskaya, Matthew Lease, Yang Liu, Brian Roark, Matthew Snover, and ... modified for use in a special repair grammar, which not only reduces the amount of available training data, but violates our intuition that most reparanda are fluent up until the actual edit occurs. The ... syntax trees using this model achieve high accuracy on the standard Switchboard parsing task. 1 Introduction Speech repairs occur when a speaker makes a mis- take and decides to partially retrace...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... and Linda C. Bauman Peto. 1995. A hierarchical Dirichlet language model. Natural Lan- guage Engineering, 1(3):1–19. Y.W. Teh. 2006. A hierarchical Bayesian language model based on Pitman-Yor processes. ... n-grams: C(ab) − C(ab∗). A( ab) = max(1, K(C(ab) − C(ab∗))) A different K constant is chosen for each n-gram order. Using this formulation as an interpolated 5- gram language model gives a cross ... priors a reasonable form for a smoothed distribu- tion can be expressed as α(c|ab) = C(abc) C(ab∗) + A (8) γ(ab) = A C(ab∗) + A The parameter A can be interpreted as the extra counts added to the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20