... Shin-ichiro KAMEI and Kiyoshi YAMABANA
C&C Media Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation
4-1-1, Miyazaki, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, KANAGAWA 216-8555 JAPAN
s-doi@ccm.cl.nec.co.jp, kamei@ccm.cl.nec.co.jp, ... displayed manually, and that of type 3) is
retrieved automatically but displayed manually.
In the first case of translation equivalents and
grammatical information retrieval,
"Eisaku ... an interactive interface similar
to Kana-Kanji conversion FEPs, and initially
replaces most of the Japanese vocabulary items
with English equivalents but maintains Japanese
grammatical constructions....
... contains all of the data about rays propagating from a base station to a field
point. Each field point has a ray list associated with it. A ray list is defined by the class
‘ray_list.hh’ and ... originally developed for
applications in radar and sonar systems. Using multiple antennas introduces spatial diversity
into the system. These antennas are also known as ‘smart antennas’. Spatial ... it is passed a particular base station, an image and its order, and also the
field point. As seen earlier a ray is made up of nodes, two of these nodes are always the base
station and the field...
... readers that the text is aimed at and this group is marked with
level of education, the class, age and sex. In translation, as Newmark (1988) claimed, the
readership of SL text should be characterized, ... because in order to translate, the translator has to separate
them, process and reconnect them in target language, of course, after being translated they must
have meaning.
Bearing load of all ... and language are made to be acceptable and comprehensible to the readers
of TL language.
On analyzing the method of translation, it is experienced that communicative translation is
appreciated....
... provider can read records from and insert records into atext file data
source. The Jet database engine can access other database file formats through Indexed
Sequential Access Method (ISAM) drivers ... provider to access data in atext file.
The sample code creates an OleDbDataAdapter that uses the Jet OLE DB provider to
load the contents of the text file Categories.txt, shown in Example 1-13
, ... OleDbDataAdapter da =
new OleDbDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM [Categories.txt]",
ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["TextFile_0119_ConnectString"]);
// Create and fill the table....
... user may watch the video clips of the modali-
ties that participate in the relation (e.g. a particu-
lar gesture) and/or a static image (keyframe) of a
participating image region (e.g. a specific ... module capable of han-
dling files in the .xml format and accessed by lo-
cal and remote users. The core implementation
is actually a web application, mainly based on
the Apache Lucene
2
search engine ... searching
phases;
2
http://lucene.apache.org/
• The queries are formed in a text- like man-
ner by the user, but are treated in a combined
way by the system, that enables a relational
search, enhanced with linguistic capabilities;
•...
... and accurate the author’s name is a
sufficient guarantee. Essential historical and biographical facts, together with brief
critical estimates and characterizations of leading schools and painters, ... also in
the word “juggernaut”
Kantonnuggur Kantanagar
Oudeypore
the author seems not to have realized that this is the same place as
Udaipur, cited with that spelling in the same paragraph ... identified. The author’s source is probably James
Ferguson, who describes it as “near Gualior” (Gwalior)
Tanjore Thanjavur
Worangul Varangal
Nakhon Wat better known as Angkor Wat
End...
...
Lee, L. S. et al. (1990). A Mandarin Dictation
Machine Based Upon A Hierarchical Recognition
Approach and Chinese Natural Language Analysis,
IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine
Intelligence, ... grammars, compared with other
grarnmal~cal approaches, are more declarative and can
better integrate syntactic and semantic information to
eliminate illegal combinations; while Markov
language ... unification
granunar and Markov language model are integrated in a
word lattice parsing algorithm based on an augmented
chart, and the island-driven parsing concept is combined
with various...
... descriptions. A. I. Technical report 540, M.I.T.
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA.
A. Yamada, T. Yamamoto, H. Ikeda, T. Nishida, and
S. Doshita. 1992. Reconstructing spatial image from ... Abraham and De-
scl~s, 1992), spatial descriptions and 3-dimensional
sketches (Yamada et al., 1992; Arnold and Lebrun,
1992), 2-dimensional spatial scenes and linguistic de-
scriptions (Andr~ ... image from
natural language texts. In Proc. of COLING-9P, pages
1279-1283, Nantes.
301
From route descriptions to sketches:
a model for a text- to-image translator
Lidia Fraczak
LIMSI-CNRS,...
... Axiom Semantics
(a : C)h a z E C zn
(aRb)h (a z,b z) ER zh
Table 3: Axioms in
CDf hvp°
Given these constraints, we may annotate
each assertional axiom of the form &apos ;a : C' and ... hypotheses,
each one capturing a different conceptual read-
ing for an unknown lexical item.
1 Introduction
The approach to learning new concepts as a
result of understanding natural language texts ... target.lex and base.lex are
related in the text, e.g.,
CASEFRAME,
PPAT-
TACH or GENITIVENP.
Getting back to our example, let us assume
that the target Itoh-Ci-8 is predicted already as
a PRODUCT...
...
a grammar and a lexicon can actually be mate to function as more than
just structure generators. One issue reiatat to this that has been
brought uD was that different ~ external to the grammar ... THE PLACE OF A GRAMMAR AND A
LEXICON IN PENMAN
This gaper will view a grammar and a lexicon as integral parts of atext
production system (PENMAN). This perspective leads to certain
recluirements ... diversity Hallidey has
provldat for systemic grammar is useful for our pu~__o'-'e~-__; The fact that
grammatical structure is multi.layered means that those aspects of
grammatical structure...
... portable natural language data
base interface. Cmlf. on Ap'1)lied Nc~t~ral L~znguage
Processing, Santa Munica, Ca., 1983, pp. 25-30.
25.
Grosz, B. TEAM: A transportable natural language ...
grammatical formalism for transportable natural
language processing,
llm~r.
J.
Cow~p~t~zt~na~ L~n~ist~cs,
to appear.
Biermann, A. and Ballard, B. Toward natural language
computation.
Am~r. ... in
ACQUIRING VERBS FOR STUDENT:
A STUDENT CAN pass a course
fail a course
take a course from an instructor
make a grade from an instructor
make a grade in a course
In Stage 2, Prep learns...
... key-
boards: Application to Catalan.
Procesamiento del
Lenguaje Natural, 27:65-70.
Karin Harbusch, Saga Hasan, Hajo Hoffmann, Michael
Kiihn, and Bernhard Schiller. 2003. Domain—
specific disambiguation ... Muhammad Y. Javed. 1992. Prob-
abilistic character disambiguation for reduced key-
boards using small text samples.
AAC Augmentative
and Alternative Communication,
8(1): 215-223 .
R. Harald Baayen, ... Richard Piepenbrock, and Leon Gu-
likers. 1995. The CELEX lexical database (re-
lease 2), [CD-ROM]. Linguistic Data Consortium,
Philadelphia, PA.
Marco Baroni, Johannes Matiasek, and Harald Trost.
2002....
... in activity in a
particular industry. In essence, there are two types
of linkages, namely, backward linkages and
forward linkages.
A backward linkage is a measure of the
relative importance ... Vietnam’s economy
was still in its developing stage as its total
volume of economic transactions was estimated
to be a mere one-fifth of Thailand’s total
available supply. Thailand had a per ... data as well as
methods used in our study. The IRIO table
assumes that the estimated national input
coefficients are stable over time. This
assumption of stability entails two separate
assumptions....