a probabilistic model of lexical and syntactic access and disambiguation

... (1992) Sakas and Fodor (2001), and Yang (2002). These all evaluate their learners on the basis of a small number of predefined syntactic parameters. Finally, our work addresses a misunderstand- ing about ... framework, and assume only that the learner has access to a small set of general combinatory schemata and a functional mapping from semantic type to syntactic category. Further- more, this paper ... syntactic and semantic types, as well as a Bayesian prior encouraging grammars with heavy reuse of existing rules and lexical items. We have shown that this model not only outperforms a state -of- the-art...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 00:40

... weights. “about” ahbawt:15, bawt:9, ihbawt:4, ahbawd:4, ih- bawd:4, ahbaat:2, baw:1, ahbaht:1, erbawd:1, bawd:1, ahbaad:1, ahpaat:1, bah:1, baht:1, ah:1, ahbahd:1, ehbaat:1, ahbaed:1, ihbaht:1, baot:1 “wanna” waanah:94, ... ihbaht:1, baot:1 “wanna” waanah:94, waanih:37, wahnah:16, waan:13, wahneh:8, wahnih:5, wahney:3, waanlih:3, wehnih:2, waaneh:2, waonih:2, waaah:1, wuhnih:1, wahn:1, waantah:1, waanaa:1, wowiy:1, waaih:1, wah:1, waaniy:1 Table ... Bayesian model that clusters together phonetic variants of the same lexical item while learning both a lan- guage model over lexical items and a log-linear model of pronunciation variability based...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... Using a standard backoff trigram model as a default distribution, we built a class of exponential language models which use non- stationary features based on trigger words to allow the model ... Entropy and Bayesian Methods. Kluwer Aca- demic Publishers. DeLia Pietra, S., V. Della Pietra, and J. Lafferty. 1997. Inducing features of random fields. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine ... this model as a mizture of a two-stage exponential and a uniform distribution: Thus, we can again apply the EM algorithm to de- termine the mixing parameter a. This is a standard application...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:21

... cellular model of Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis Tiziana Alberio 1 , Alessandra Maria Bossi 2 , Alberto Milli 2 , Elisa Parma 1 , Marzia Bruna Gariboldi 1 , Giovanna Tosi 3 , Leonardo Lopiano 4 and ... biochemical alterations associated with the interplay of cytosolic dopamine and increased a- synuc- lein are still unclear. Catecholaminergic SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells are a suitable model ... (Bruker-Daltonik, Bremen, Germany). Capillary voltage was 1.5–2 kV and a dry gas flow rate of 10 LÆmin )1 was used with a temperature of 230 °C. The scan range was 300–1800 m ⁄ z. The tandem mass spectra...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20

... than before, again including the occipital, temporal, and the frontal lobes, but in particular bilateral orbital frontal corlex. What do the results of Kawabata and Zeki (2004) and Skov ef al. ... neural correlates of preference and beauty, two variables that have affective and cognitive components. The areas activated by Vartanian and Goel (2004b) may have highlighted those cOrlical structures ... (2004) and Chattetjee (2003) reveals similarities and differences. Both models acknowledge the importance of early and late visual processes in the generation of an emotional response and the elaboration of a...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... Systems Modelling Data- base and can be accessed at http://jjj.biochem.sun.ac.za/ database/curien/index.html free of charge. Materials and methods Chemicals ATP, Hepes, homoserine, NADH, AdoMet, lactate ... can be calculated as follows: ELISA assays were carried out using rabbit antibodies raised against the recombinant proteins [12,14] and purified proteins as standards. We measured that an extract ... concentration of AdoMet with J cystathionine decreasing and J Thr increasing as the concentration of AdoMet was increased. Half changes in J cystathionine and J Thr are obtained for a concentration in AdoMet...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... katakana katakana-kanji kanji-hiragana hiragana kanji-katakana kat akana-symbol-katakana number kanji-hiragana-kanji alphabet kanji-hir agana-kanji-hir agana hiragana-kanji percent 45.1% ... using a Statistical Model of Morphology and Context Masaaki NAGATA NTT Cyber Space Laboratories 1-1 Hikari-no-oka Yokosuka-Shi Kanagawa, 239-0847 Japan nagata@nttnly, isl. ntt. co. jp Abstract ... words and Japanese words semantically equivalent to Chinese characters. Hiragana and katakana are syllabaries: The former is used primarily for gram- matical function words, such as particles and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... relevant answers that an exact-matching model fails to retrieve because of lack of robustness, and the relevant answers that a non-structured model fails because of lack of structural specification. ... IAI-TR-99-12, University of Bonn. A Ranking Model of Proximal and Structural Text Retrieval Based on Region Algebra Katsuya Masuda Department of Computer Science, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, University ... TREC- 8, pages 151–161. Airi Salminen and Frank Tompa. 1994. Pat expressions: an algebra for text search. Acta Linguistica Hungar- ica, 41(1-4):277–306. Anja Theobald and Gerhard Weilkum. 2000. Adding relevance...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 03:20

... one another, and should be handled separately. Each is relevant to a different component of a plan-based model of reference: the data base, the planner, and the utterance generator, respectively. ... conventional meaning and a speaker's intentions in such cases, we cannot hope to construct an adequate model of referring and language use in general. Finally, Donnellan's distinction ... 189 DONNELLAN'S DISTINCTION AND A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF REFERENCE Amichai Kronfeld Artificial Intelligence Center SRI International and 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, CA 94025 kronfeld~sri-warbucks...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... question- naire was also available in English, translated into English by a professional translator. Background variables: Demographic and disease related variables Demographic variables included parental ... MB, Laporte A, Coyte PC: Labor market work and home care's unpaid caregivers: a systematic review of labor force participation rates, predictors of labor market withdrawal, and hours of work. ... proper- ties, validity and reliability, of the TAAQOL were satisfac- tory [26]. Overall physical and overall mental HRQoL were assessed by aggregation of all TAAQoL scale scores according to the algorithm...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... toxicity, as shown by serum analysis for biochemical markers of liver and kidney and the histological examination of hematoxylin and eosin stained major organs (Figure 5). Taking all these data into ... Foundation of China (Nos. 2006ABC009 and JX 4A0 6). Author details 1 Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China. 2 Hubei Key Laboratory ... of infection; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay; TUNEL: terminal deoxynecleotidyl transferase- mediated dUTP nick-end labeling; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase;...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Sato Y, Fujiwara T, Mine T, Shomura H, Homma S, Maeda Y, Tokunaga N, Ikeda Y, Ishihara Y, Yamada A, Tanaka N, Itoh K, Harada M, Todo S: Immunological evaluation of personalized peptide vaccination ... vaccination augments anti-cancer immunity in a mouse model of gastric cancer. Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:140. Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage ... 4 days before vaccination and tumor vac- cinations were repeated every two weeks for a total of 4 vaccinations. In vitro T cell activation and expansion For T cell analyses, mice were vaccinated...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... in compliance with the guidelines of the Fed- eration of European Laboratory Animal Science Associa- tion (FELASA) and approval was granted by the Institutional Animal Care Committee of the University ... Dinarello CA, Novick D, Rubinstein M, Otto VI, Rancan M, Kossmann T, Redaelli CA, Trentz O, Shohami E, Stahel PF: Elevated intracranial IL-18 in humans and mice after traumatic brain injury and ... Mertsola J, Jafari H, Olsen KD, Hansen EJ, Yoshinaga M, Ohkawara S, Nariuchi H, McCracken Jr, G.H.: Tumor necrosis factor alpha / cachectin and interleukin 1 beta initi- ate meningeal inflammation....

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... Bales KR, Cummins DJ, Dodart JC, Paul SM, Holtzman DM: Peripheral anti -A beta antibody alters CNS and plasma A beta clearance and decreases brain A beta burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's ... immunohistochemistry, image analysis, data analysis and presentation and assisted with perfusions and animal care; OY performed immunohistochemistry and image analysis; DC assisted with the design of the study and ... of animals at 12–16 months with MAPAβ1–33 decreases thioflavine and anti CD45 reactivityFigure 2 Immunization of animals at 12–16 months with MAPAβ1–33 decreases thioflavine and anti CD45 reactivity....

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... Braak E: Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 2003, 24:197-211. 2. Gallagher DA, Schapira AH: Etiopathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease. ... (CD200 -/- )mice exhibit more characteristics of activation [30]. They are aggregated, less ramified and have shorter glial pro- cesses, as well as a disordered arrangement and increased expression of CD11b and CD45. ... as well as augmented microglial activation, observed in 6-OHDA/BAb-treated rats suggests that abnormal CD200-CD200R signalling exacerbates micro- glial activation and plays an important role...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:21