a dom tree alignment model
Exergoeconomic performance optimization for a steadyflow endoreversible refrigeration model including six typical cycles
... steady flow refrigeration cycle model consisting of a constant thermal-capacity heating branch, two constant thermal-capacity cooling branches and two adiabatic branches with the consideration ... endoreversible refrigeration cycle model consisting of a constant thermal-capacity heating branch, two constant thermal-capacity cooling branches and two adiabatic branches is viewed as a production ... 1 and 2 is a heating branch with constant thermal capacity (mass flow rate and specific heat product) inC; the processes between 3 and 4, and 4 and 5 are two cooling branches with constant...
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A two-dimensional market model
... words,dS1S1has instantaneous variance21,dS2S2has instantaneous variance22,dS1S1anddS2S2have instantaneous covariance12.Accumulation factor: t = expZt0rdu:The ... dB1=11S11+12S22deB1:Notice thateB2does not appear.LetVbe anF T -measurable random variable. IfVdepends onB2, then it can probably notbe hedged. For example, ifV = hS1T ;S2T;and1or2depend ... 22deB2:LetVbeF T -measurable. Define thefIP-martingaleY t=fIEVTFt; 0tT:CHAPTER 19. A two-dimensional market model 207More precisely, we define thefIP-martingaleY t=fIEVTFt;...
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Optimal security design and dynamic capital structure in a countinous time agency model DEMARZO & SANNIKOV
... Second, a continuous-time model provides a convenient characterization of the optimal contract through an ordinary differential equation. With this characterization we can say a great deal about ... at any time. Because the agent can always underreport and steal at rate γR until termination, any incentive compatible strategy yields the agent at least R. In contrast, this constraint may ... must hold cash in the bank with a balance equal to −D as a condition of the credit line. Both the required capital K and the compensating balance −D are funded through a large initial draw on the...
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Tài liệu STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT USING A PROJECT MANAGEMENT MATURITY MODEL ppt
... companies. What senior managers needed was a planexpressed in terms of three broad, critical success factors: qualitative factors, or-ganizational factors, and quantitative factors. To take advantage ... company as a wholeORGANIZATIONAL FACTORSCoordination of organizational behavior in project management is a delicate bal-ancing act, something like sitting on a bar stool. Bar stools usually come ... 13EnvironmentalOpportunitiesand ThreatsOrganizationalStrengths andWeaknessesGatheringofInformationFirm’sSocialResponsibilityManagerialValues ofManagementEvaluationofInformationStrategyEvaluationStrategySelectionStrategyImplementationExternalAnalysisInternalAnalysisFIGURE...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Exploring Syntactic Structural Features for Sub-Tree Alignment using Bilingual Tree Kernels" docx
... features. The experimental results show that our approach achieves a significant im-provement on both gold standard tree bank and automatically parsed tree pairs against a heuris-tic similarity ... sub -tree alignment, which can be defined as follows: A sub -tree alignment process pairs up sub -tree pairs across bilingual parse trees whose contexts are semantically translational equivalent. Accord-ing ... Tree Kernels and ap-ply them to bilingual sub -tree alignment along with various lexical and plain structural features. We use both gold standard tree bank and the au-tomatically parsed corpus...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Syntax-Driven Bracketing Model for Phrase-Based Translation" pptx
... variouslanguage-pairs, one issue is that matching syn-tactic analysis can not always guarantee a goodtranslation, and violating syntactic structure doesnot always induce a bad translation. Marton andResnik ... 315–323,Suntec, Singapore, 2-7 August 2009.c2009 ACL and AFNLP A Syntax-Driven Bracketing Model for Phrase-Based TranslationDeyi Xiong, Min Zhang, Aiti Aw and Haizhou LiHuman Language TechnologyInstitute ... that appropriate violations are helpful and evennecessary for generating better translations. Byallowing appropriate violations to translate non-syntactic phrases according to particular syntac-tic...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Unified Syntactic Model for Parsing Fluent and Disfluent Speech∗" ppt
... Communication Re-search Centre, University of Edinburgh.John Hale, Izhak Shafran, Lisa Yung, Bonnie Dorr, MaryHarper, Anna Krasnyanskaya, Matthew Lease, YangLiu, Brian Roark, Matthew Snover, and ... syntax trees using this model achieve high accuracy on the standardSwitchboard parsing task.1 IntroductionSpeech repairs occur when a speaker makes a mis-take and decides to partially retrace ... modified for use in a specialrepair grammar, which not only reduces the amountof available training data, but violates our intuitionthat most reparanda are fluent up until the actual editoccurs.The...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Smoothing a Tera-word Language Model" doc
... and Linda C. Bauman Peto. 1995. A hierarchical Dirichlet language model. Natural Lan-guage Engineering, 1(3):1–19.Y.W. Teh. 2006. A hierarchical Bayesian language model based on Pitman-Yor processes. ... n-grams:C(ab) − C(ab∗). A( ab) = max(1, K(C(ab) − C(ab∗))) A different K constant is chosen for each n-gramorder. Using this formulation as an interpolated 5-gram language model gives a cross ... on very large corpora canprovide accurate domain independent probability es-timates for language modeling. I presented adapta-tions of several smoothing methods that can prop-erly handle the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Phrase-based Statistical Model for SMS Text Normalization" ppt
... a consensus translation technique to bootstrap parallel data using off-the-shelf translation sys-tems for training a hierarchical statistical transla-tion model for general domain instant ... SMS normalization. 2.3 SMS Normalization versus Text Para-phrasing Problem Others may regard SMS normalization as a para-phrasing problem. Broadly speaking, paraphrases capture core aspects ... minimal adaptation. One advantage of this pre-translation normalization is that the di-versity in different user groups and domains can be modeled separately without accessing and adapting...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Guiding Statistical Word Alignment Models With Prior Knowledge" pdf
... 104–111.Q. Ma, K. Kanzaki, Y. Zhang, M. Murata, and H. Isahara.2004. Self-organizing semantic maps and its application toword alignment in japanese-chinese parallel corpora. NeuralNetw., 17(8-9):1241–1253.I. ... a small amount of manually anno-tated parallel data to be used to seed or guide model training, can significantly improve word alignment F-measure and translation performance (Ittycheriahand ... monolingual LSA. We treat eachsentence pair as a document and do not distin-guish source words and target words as if theyare terms generated from the same vocabulary. A sparse matrix W characterizing...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Effective Phrase Translation Extraction from Alignment Models" ppt
... presents a method of phrase extractionfrom alignment data generated by IBM Models. Byworking directly from alignment data with appro-priate measures taken to extract accurate translationpairs, ... and Maximum Entropy Models for StatisticalMachine Translation, Proc. North American Associa-tion for Computational LinguisticsFranz Josef Och and Hermann Ney 200. A Comparisonof Alignment Models ... languages have beenmodeled in several ways, including word-based(Brown et al., 1993), template-based (Och et al.,1999) and syntax-based (Yamada, Knight, 2001).Analyzing these models from a...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "GPSM: A GENERALIZED PROBABILISTIC SEMANTIC MODEL FOR AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION" pptx
... measure shows substantial im- provement in structural disambiguation over a syntax-based approach. 1. Introduction In a large natural language processing system, such as a machine translation ... from a semantic representation. In general, a particular interpretation of a sentence can be represented by an annotated syntax tree (AST), which is a syntax tree annotated with fea- ture ... R&D Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park Hsinchu, TAIWAN 30077, R.O.C. ABSTRACT In natural language processing, ambiguity res- olution is a central issue, and can be regarded as a...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "SIMULATING CHILDREN''''S NULL SUBJECTS: A NEARLY LANGUAGE GENERATION MODEL" ppt
... form a 'maximal' phrase or XP. Lexical items are inserted as soon as the appropriate X ° heads (or XPs, for pro-forms) become available. Each time a structural unit is built, and each ... Universal Grammar and American Sign Language: Setting the Null Argument Parameters. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. MacWhinney, B., & Snow, C. (1985). The Child Language Data Exchange ... while leaving the NPL and NPI parameters set at the default (negative) values. FELICITY can also be used to address theories pertaining to other aspects of language acquisition that appear slightly...
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- a generalized vector space model
- a probabilistic answer type model
- a comparison of event models
- a variable memory markov model
- a markov language learning model
- a pylonic decisiontree language model
- a noncontiguous tree sequence alignmentbased model
- a tree transducer model
- a geometric hidden markov tree wavelet model
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