6mucosal immune responses to transcutaneous antigens in murine models

... evidence of and insights into epitope spreading in CIA (Figure 2) Our results indicate that epitope spreading in CIA includes development of autoantibody responses targeting citrullinated epitopes at ... the initial and expanding autoantibody responses in rodent models, as well as human RA and MS Autoimmune responses are well established to target both native and linear epitopes present in autoantigens ... contributes to the development of RA [13] Alterations in the citrullination of myelin proteins and autoimmune targeting of citrullinated myelin proteins have been observed in MS Myelin basic protein (MBP)...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... on inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) In order to determine whether adjuvants exert any effects on induction of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and/ or TNF-α, the levels of these cytokines ... chemiluminescent (Pierce, Rockford, IL) Cytokine assays Proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in blood and peritoneal lavage were determined by ELISA ELISA was performed in triplicate using ... analyses of antigens involved in immune responses The E coli antigens recognized by immune sera due to phytol and PHIS-01 are clearly discernible on western blots as compared to immune sera obtained...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:23

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 07:20

... should contain details about HIV, or whether this should be incorporated into training materials instead Policies that include information need to be updated regularly to ensure that the information ... During training, special attention was paid to critical areas of the questionnaires, including record-keeping protocols In addition to fieldworkers and supervisors, whose work included checking ... part, investigating the business response to HIV/AIDS, contained the following indicators: the existence of HIV/AIDS policies in the industry, trade union and company; communication of policies to...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 18:20

... that the altered immune response present in MT-I/II-/- mice occurs in later stages of brain injury The significant findings of increased T cell infiltrate into the injury site, increased levels ... concentrations of Th1 and Th2 cytokines were assayed to determine if there were systemic differences in the inflammatory response to brain injury Unfortunately most of the cytokines tested were not detectable ... cells in MT-I/II-/- mice at DPI than in wild type mice Leukocyte infiltration into the injury site in wild type and MT-I/II-/- mice Leukocyte infiltration into the cryolesion at 1, and DPI was investigated...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... normalized to total protein in the sample To investigate the effect of salt on enzyme activity, protein extracted from the same leaf was divided into five reaction mixtures containing 0, 250, ... events was thought to be increased salinity, water stress, stomatal closure, decrease in intracellular CO2 , and decrease in photosynthesis The linear relation between photosynthesis and transpiration ... common in mangal communities exposed to the tidal and riverine interactions and seasonal changes in rainfall Matoh et al (1987) showed that Atriplex gmelini positively took up salt from roots to...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... with increasing drought in N nitida, remaining close to optimal values in N dombeyi down to −2.5 MPa (Fig 2) At Ψm > −1.5 MPa, ∆F/Fm and qP were lower in N nitida than in N dombeyi, reflecting ... was turned on to obtain fluorescence parameters during steady-state photosynthesis Saturating pulses were applied after steady-state photosynthesis had been reached in order to determine maximal ... photosynthetic saturation point, it is possible that the maximum PPFD used in this experiment was insufficient to saturate its photosynthesis, possibly contributing to a lower energy excess in...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:21

... differences in drought-induced sensitivity to photoinhibi- tion Still the higher tolerance to photoinhibition in Q cerris at a similar level of Q reA duction has to be clarified Moreover, these responses ... was in agreement with the observed lack of increase in sensitivity to high light CONCLUSION Early drought effects seem to be mainly inby stomatal limitation to photosyn- duced thesis Disorders in ... well-watered seedlings Drought effects on photochemical efficiency of PS II Responses of maximal photochemical efficiency of PS II (F to declining ψ are ) m /F v’ wp shown in figure F remained high...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... animals [20] R274 In order to elucidate the role played by CD14 in the innate immune response to PG-PS in vitro and in vivo, we assessed the inflammatory responses to PG-PS in CD14 knockout primary ... and examined the development of PG-PS induced arthritis in CD14 knockout mice Our findings demonstrate that, in CD14 knockout macrophages, PG-PS failed to activate inflammatory responses in vitro, ... ankle joint and paws were fixed in 10% formalin, decalcified, paraffinized, cut into µm sections, deparaffinized, stained with hematoxylin–eosin, and evaluated histologically Morphologic assessments...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... FcgRIII-mediated cell activation resulting in innate cell mediator activation and the production of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 and TNF-α, leading to joint destruction In recent studies, mice depleted ... with murine pristaneinduced arthritis, where a systemic granulomatous disease, including arthritis, occurs after repeated injections of pristane intraperitoneally To identify the genes controlling ... complement inhibitor factor H (and in some cases, also the factor H-like protein 1) to its surface Binding is mediated by two types of plasmidencoded protein, class I (20 kDa proteins) and class...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... Lohnes, lings (Fig 3) Water stress reduced leaf area most in Katherine seedlings (Fig 4), and the provenances also differed in stress-induced changes in the partitioning of dry matter into roots, ... most by water stress in Katherine seedlings Stressed Tennant Creek seedlings maintained a higher proportion of dry weight in leaves and least in stems and, in fertilised seedlings, those from Tennant ... lowest in Tennant Creek seedlings , - [L 1) TII ICr-r Seeds from the monsoonal Katherine provenance showed the least ability to germinate and its seedlings the least ability to establish, in dry...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... brother had to be restrained by seven men in order to bring him to the shrine for treatment This family paid the police who used their handcuffs to restrain the man and bring him to the shrine in a ... been chained after threatening her grandmother with a knife Another man was chained to a log to prevent him from preaching loudly during the night and attempting to stop speeding traffic In a few ... [6] In response to the lack of progress in meeting the minimum standards enshrined in these principles, the Institute of Psychiatry in the UK launched 'Principles to Respect', an 'Initiative on...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:21

... vaccines, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with RVFV diluted in sterile PBS to a final volume of 100 μl Infected animals were kept in micro-isolator cages inside an animal isolator ... of immune response To evaluate and compare the immune responses after vaccination and infection, eight animals were vaccinated with cDNA encoding N, four with cDNA containing the open reading ... vaccines available for use in livestock: vaccines based on the live-attenuated Smithburn strain [7] and formalin inactivated virus preparations [8] The Smithburn virus vaccine is suggested to induce...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:21

... One study shows declining responses [22], whereas others have shown unchanging [23], fluctuating or increasing responses during therapy [24,25] It is plausible that variations in technical aspects ... from the remaining 15 subjects in whom a cuticonversion was not observed (data not shown) It is interesting to note that in the group of the individuals that reported an exposure to MTB in the past ... effect of therapy in modulating RD1 responses in recently infected patients vs those potentially reinfected, observed in the present study, are currently unclear In several models of infectious diseases...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... showed in a rodent model that mechanical ventilation with clinically relevant ventilator settings caused reversible increases in immune cytokine concentrations (including TNF-alpha) and leukocyte influx ... resulted in increased TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-2 concentrations in BAL specimens compared to controls, a TH1 cytokine-dominated profile, whereas no increase in TH2 cytokines, ... 8:87 http://respiratory-research.com/content/8/1/87 Figure Instillation of fluid into the left lung Instillation of fluid into the left lung The instillation of gastrograffin into the distal trachea...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... cells in the fetal immune system, potentially capable of regulating several immune processes including cytokine secretion This is intriguing in the context that Ppg stimu- lation in our murine ... IPEX in humans (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome) Clinical features are autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel disease, severe allergy including atopic ... non-antigen-dependent immune stimulation Innate immune stimulation is in part mediated via mammalian toll-like receptors (TLR) Conserved throughout evolution, TLRs participate in innate immune responses to a...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:20

... immunoglobulin-binding protein (IGBP1) gene, which has sequence similarity to the yeast protein (TAP42) primary research Molecular cloning of antigens associated with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis ... sera Convincingly, the index case retained a strong reaction to each of these antigens in sera obtained consecutively over the following 18 months Discussion It is evident that the humoral immune ... truncated proteins, missing the amino-terminal 38, 54 or 447 residues of the parent 968-residue polypeptide, indicating that at least part of the immune response was directed towards epitopes expressed...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... mosquito, where it begins to replicate in the mosquito gut cells The incubation period in the insect vector lasts for 10 to 14 days and is called extrinsic phase of DENV life cycle The intrinsic ... complicated interplay of viral and host factors The bite of an infected mosquito inoculates DENV into the skin Infection is suggested to begin with the interaction of DENV with skin-resident ... blood samples  To investigate DENV-specific responses to peptides based on immunodominant NS3 epitopes by IFN-γ T cell ELISPOT and intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ  To establish and...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2015, 11:36

... stained overnight in 500 ml of staining solution (stock solution ix) Next morning the staining solution was poured off and replaced with 500 ml of destaining solution (stock solution 10) Finally ... oxidative damage in plants by maintaining the reduced form of glutathione (Foyer et al., 1991) GR activity has been reported to increase in B juncea seedlings with increase in salinity level (Verma ... Research Institute, Vietnam, for providing me opportunity to study in India Financial help provided by Vietnam International Education Development (VIED), Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) in...

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2016, 09:34

... inhibitors These inhibitors induce cell growth arrest and apoptosis in a broad spectrum of transformed cells [25] Because of these characteristics, HDAC inhibitors are being tested in the clinic ... Debinski W: Targeting of interleukin-13 receptor on human renal cell carcinoma cells by a recombinant chimeric protein composed of interleukin-13 and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin ... pseudomonas exotoxin Clin Cancer Res 1995, 1:1253-1258 Debinski W, Obiri NI, Pastan I, Puri RK: A novel chimeric protein composed of interleukin 13 and Pseudomonas exotoxin is highly cytotoxic to 16 18...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20