... salinity, water stress, stomatal closure, decrease in
intracellular CO
2
, and decrease in photosynthesis. The linear relation between photosyn-
thesis and transpiration rates, the latter being ... method of Elstner and Heupel (1976)
and Ganschow and Schike (1969), respectively, and these results were then normalized to
total protein inthe sample.
To investigate the effect of salt on enzyme ... inthe presence
of xanthineoxidase.
A steep increase inthe activity of SOD began immediately following the transfer of the
plant grown in water into a 500mM NaCl solution (Fig. 5). The SOD and...
...
in
Katherine
seedlings
(Fig.
4),
and
the
prov-
enances
also
differed
in
stress- induced
changes
in
the
partitioning
of
dry
matter
into
roots,
stems
and
leaves
(Fig.
5).
Stressed ...
differences
between
provenances
in
the
production
of
hairs
on
the
collar
of
ger-
minating
seedlings
(Fig.
1
which
bind
the
III
seedling
firmly
to
the
soil
and
assist
early
water ...
in
the
environment
in
which
these
provenances
occur
naturally
(Gib-
son
and
Bachelard,
1987).
In
this
study,
the
effects
of
water
stress
on
the
initial
establishment
and...
...
species
may
be
able
to
explain
these
differences
in
drought-induced
sensitivity
to
photoinhibi-
tion.
Still
the
higher
tolerance
to
photoinhi-
bition
in
Q
cerris
at
a
similar ...
s
-1
.
Then,
the
leaf
disk
was
exposed
to
a
PFD
of
1750
μmol
m
-2
s
-1
for
135
min
and
finally
put
in
the
dark
for
45
min
to
determine
long-term
changes
in
maximal ...
stress,
high
light
and
species
responses
need
fur-
ther
analysis
to
elucidate
such
differential
responses.
It
appears
that
the
drought-
induced
increase
in
sensitivity
to...
... SASSETA and three companies
within each of the two sectors. Chapter 8, the final chapter, presents all the conclusions
of the findings from the two studies conducted in both sectors and then makes ...
epidemic to their core business. Thus, there is a need to conduct assessments of the
impacts of HIV/AIDS andresponses thereto by companies. Obtaining such information
would inform the concerned ... www.hsrcpress.ac.za
xxv
Main findings of Studies 2A and 2B inthe legal services sector
Employer perceptions of impact of HIV/AIDS on business
The following main findings emerged:
HIV/AIDS was not regarded as a business...
... lower
in N. nitida and along with the photochemical efficiency inthe dark (Fv/Fm) they declined in both species. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)
increased slowly in N. dombeyi along with the gradual ... drought intensity [6]
the same PPFD became probably saturating at a Ψ
m
lower than
−2.5 MPa, producing the increase of NPQ in N. dombeyi and
the concomitant decrease in Fv/Fm, ∆F/Fm
and qP.
In conclusion, ... higher
WUE and photosynthesis under severe drought stress.
Acknowledgements: We thank the staff of the Instituto de Botánica
of the Universidad Austral de Chile for their logistic support and
maintenance...
... partners inthe phenomenon. In
the zooxanthella, heat stress has been demonstrated to
reduce the photosynthetic rate by decreasing the effi-
ciency of the photosystem II [4–6] and ⁄ or by causing
damage ... degeneration
[8,9,53,56] and ⁄ or gastrodermal detachment [7,52,57].
Nevertheless, independently of the resulting effect of
the thermal stress, all mechanisms point tothe involve-
ment of oxidative stressinthe ... indicate the His and Cys residues of the putative active site located
in the large subunit. The six a -helix components of the prodomain are underlined.
Apoptosis and oxidative stressin bleaching...
... were examined for
3 min. Each point represents the mean of six individual salt
glands, andthe bars represent the SE of the mean. The inserts
show mean Na
+
fluxes and SE within the measuring periods.
Columns ... was used in other NO-related
experiments.
To clarify the role of NO in inducing high Na
+
secretion
rate and maintaining low Na
+
to K
+
ratio in leaves, specific
NO synthesis inhibitors (N-nitro-L-arginine ... enhanced the Na
+
secretion rate, Na
+
percentage and Na
+
to K
+
ratio inthe region of the salt
gland, thus maintaining intracellular ionic homeostasis in
the leaves, whereas inhibition of NO synthesis...
... tended
to rise with increase in salinity. Total soluble sugar content in
leaves of Sa and Sc increased by a larger margin in high salin-
ity (> 30) than in low salinity (< 30). For Rs, total ... salinity.
Net photosynthesis rate and stomata conductance of Sa and Sc
decreased as salinity inthe culture medium rose from 0 to 40
(Figs. 1 and 2). When salinity was above 15, the decreasing ... photosynthesis rate of Rs increased
appreciably inthe beginning (< 20) and decreased subse-
quently (> 20), but the changes tended to be minor. Stomata
conductance of Rs increased to...
...
weak among the stakeholders. Inhibiting the improvement is lack of monitoring and
evaluation on the ground which feeds into learning and adaptation. Public awareness
about the institutional ... existing capacities, success and
failures in performance of institutions, explaining possibilities and constraints for
institutional capacity building and performance, and identifying and contrasting ... countries allows IFA to make a step further in finding answers
to the question of how to increase domestic institutional capacities and enhance their
practices in floods risk reduction towards greater...
... system, thereby changing the
activity of the chloroplast. To what extent the closure of the
stoma affects the photosynthesis rate depends on the partial
pressure of CO
2
in the lamina. However ... salinity was greater than 40. No changes were observed inthe MDA content of roots inthe three mangrove species. The
adaptabilities of Sa and Sc tosalt tolerance were limited. The more salt tolerant ... tended
to rise with increase in salinity. Total soluble sugar content in
leaves of Sa and Sc increased by a larger margin in high salin-
ity (> 30) than in low salinity (< 30). For Rs, total...
... removed
from storage, thawed, acclimated to light and returned tothe containers
as described above. These seedlings are referred to below as dormant
seedlings. Seedling morphology at the beginning of the ... sensor). The frame was removed at 0500 h the next morning
and 10 seedlings from both groups (dormant + growing) were trans-
ferred tothe laboratory in a cool bag. Inthe laboratory, the seedling
shoots ... seedlings were exposed to drought after planting, root
egress of growing seedlings showed a considerable decline. On
the other hand, root egress in dormant seedlings was rather
insensitive to drought,...
... directed to repair processes.
However, after 85 days, the NR activity inthe seedlings was
lower and decreased with increasing O
3
. At that time in the
season and with increasing oxidative stress, ... photorespiration to oxidative stress
and contradictory results have been observed. Dizengremel
and Pétrini [9] observed an increase inthe photorespiration
pathway in plants under pollutant stress. ... cases, the slope and
the intercept of the regressions were not different from zero (Tabs. I,
II and III). Therefore, we pooled the data from both light intensities
for the analysis of the effect of the...
... 1.5–2.5 m from the ground
in the evening hours of the day previous tothe day of the
measurement, sealed in a polythene bag to reduce evapo-
rative loss of water and taken tothe laboratory. Here ... of water stressand could therefore
increase the chances of this species to compete with the
other treeline species for the colonisation of the alpine
areas rendered suitable to seedling establishment ... decreasing to their mini-
mum at the beginning of August (day 214). The values
obtained on day 213 for P.cembra were slightly higher.
The relative water content at turgor loss point (RTLP)
and the...
...
flats
in
the
floodplain
(Hodges
and
Switzer,
1979;
Tanner,
1986).
These
sites
are
frequently
flooded,
can
remain
saturated
into
the
growing
season,
and
exhibit
poor
internal ...
resistance
to
root
hypoxia.
The
hypothesis
was
tested
on
seedlings
during
the
establishment
phase
in
Experiment
1,
and
it
was
tested
on
seedlings
late
in
their
first
growing
season ...
flood-
induced
stomatal
and
photosynthetic
responses
of
three
bottomland
tree
species.
For
Sci 32, 914-
923
Ponnamperuma
FN
(1984)
Effects
of
flooding
on
soils.
In:
Flooding
and
Plant...
...
related
to
pollinic
enzymes
involved
in
pollen
tube
metabo-
lism,
such
as
¡3-galactosidase.
Its
activity
could
be
the
final
result
of
a
series
of
inter-
actions
started
by
initial ...
the
compat-
ible
pollen
tube,
shifting
from
an
auto-
trophic
to
a
heterotropic
type
of
nutrition.
Biochemical
studies
focused
on
pollinic
and
stigmatic
proteins,
known
to ...
be
in-
volved
in
male-female
interactions
(Gaude
and
Dumas,
1987).
After
silver
nitrate
staining,
qualitative
and
quantita-
tive
differences
could
be
observed,
related
to
the...