4 14 phase locked loops and frequency synthesizers

... to Phase Locked Loops (PLL) and their operation To predict and measure the PLL characteristics To set up practical circuits using the PLL Equipment List PC with Matlab and Simulink The Phase Locked ... VCO operates at a set frequency wo, which is known as the free-running frequency If an input signal is applied to the system, the phase comparator compares the phase and frequency of the input ... the VCO frequency and generates an error voltage Ve(t) that is related to the phase and the frequency difference between the two signals This error voltage is then filtered, amplified and applied...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 11:15

... transfer function F(s) The 40 46 Integrated Circuit Phase- Locked Loop A block diagram of the 40 46 PLL is shown in Figure The large rectangle indicates the 40 46 boundary and the rests are external ... equal to the frequency of the signal from the VCO, fosc – so why is it called Phase- Locked Loop instead of Frequency -Locked Loop? What is the real meaning of Phase? Should we employ frequency comparator ... http://www.fairchildsemi.com/pf/CD/CD4 046 BC.html [4] J Dunlop and D G Smith, Telecommunications Engineering, 3rd Ed., Chapman & Hall, pp68-70, 19 94 [5] N S Nise, Control Systems Engineering, 4th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 20 04 September,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/05/2014, 21:41

... 608 74- 14- 3 (1997)Part 14- 3: Detail specification for fibre optic adaptor (simplex) type SC for single-mode fibre 608 74- 14- 4 (1997) (Publiée en langue anglaise uniquement) 608 74- 14- 4 (1997)Part 14- 4: ... retention force 4. 4.1 4. 4.2 (3-1) (3-1) (3-33) 20 48 4. 4.7 (3 -4) 20 48 48 Group D1 – Attenuation Group D2 – – – Cold Dry heat Damp heat (steady state) 4. 5.17 (2-17) 4. 5.18 (2-18) 4. 5.19 (2-19) ... 608 74- 14 (1993) Partie 14: Spécification intermédiaire pour connecteur pour fibres optiques – Type SC 608 74- 14 (1993) Part 14: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type SC 608 74- 14- 1...

Ngày tải lên: 04/04/2014, 11:52

... 2011, 4: 14 http://www.intjem.com/content /4/ 1/ 14 Page of Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Received: 13 March 2011 Accepted: 14 April 2011 Published: 14 ... Cooney and Cooney International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011, 4: 14 http://www.intjem.com/content /4/ 1/ 14 Figure Plantar aspect reveals diabetic foot ulcer verses gas gangrene Necrotic and infected ... Cooney and Cooney International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011, 4: 14 http://www.intjem.com/content /4/ 1/ 14 Page of dressings and close follow-up result in improvement...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

... sensitivity of OFDM systems to carrier frequency offset and Wiener phase noise,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol 43 , no 2 34, pp 191–193, 1995 [4] E Costa and S Pupolin, “M-QAM-OFDM system ... al ¸ 10−1 10−1 MSE BER 10−2 10−2 10−3 10 4 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Eb /N0 (dB) 24 26 28 10−3 11 30 MMSE-FEQ without phase distortions JSCPE-MPF without phase distortions Without correction-βT = ... the real and imaginary part of the OFDM signal and the CDF of a Gaussian random variable with zero mean and variance 1/2 The summand in (B.3) is the product of the likelihood p.d.f and the posterior...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... calibration and a VT /R based low noise regulator,” in Proceedings of IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC ’05), pp 41 1 41 4, Long Beach, Colo, USA, June 2005 [ 24] E Hegazi, H Sj¨ land, ... differential CML gain stages to the Phase noise (dBc/Hz) 22  20 40  60  80  100  120   140 100 1K 10 K 100 K 1M 10 M Frequency offset (Hz) Figure 16: LC-VCO phase noise in open-loop operation front-end ... reducing thus the spur and phase noise injection  24 EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking  20 Ref dBm Att 10 dB 40 RBW KHz Ref dBm Att 10 dB RBW KHz 40 ADC  60 Digital PLL...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... không hợp lệ file bị xóa (violet.vn/uploads/resources/279/106515//A9- 14- Gettingstarted %20Listenandread.ppt) Quay trở http://violet.vn ...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2013, 01:25

... answers.) 46 .2 Choose the correct collocation 46 .3 17, 29 and 395 are all strange / odd / unequal numbers M a n y European countries use the euro as their standard unit of money I value f currency , and ... any jokes, as I'm really bad at telling jokes So I'll no more than wish Jim and Sandra luck and hope they have a long and happy life together Business conversation Paula: David: David, I wonder ... the traffic slowed to a crawl and then finally came to a standstill He always does everything in an unhurried manner, (slow; implies slight criticism] We got up late and had a leisurely breakfast,...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 11:20

... steps are completed, logoff, by typing exit, and turn all the devices off Then remove and store the cables and adapter 4- 4 CCNA 3: Switching Basics and Intermediate Routing v 3.0 - Lab 7.2.6 Copyright ... _ d Record the states of the first 12 interfaces and ports of each switch Switch A Port # Switch B 10 11 12 2 -4 CCNA 3: Switching Basics and Intermediate Routing v 3.0 - Lab 7.2.6 Copyright ... command Switch_A#show spanning-tree brief b On Switch_B type show spanning-tree brief at the privileged EXEC mode prompt as follows: Switch_B#show spanning-tree brief Examine the command output and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 14:15

... remediation server 172.30.2.10/ 24 Client with PA 172.30 .40 .16/ 24 Printer 172.30 .40 .32/ 24 ACS server 172.30.1.10/ 24 SIMS server 172.30.1.11/ 24 119327 Restricted host 172.30.3.10/ 24 SMTP/DNS Implementing ... Values 2 -48 Revalidation Timer 2 -48 External User Database Local Policy Rule Ordering Installing the Posture Agent and Remediation Server 2 -43 2 -48 2 -48 Configuring the Cisco IOS Software NAD 2 -49 ... Directory Structure 2 -45 Certificate Placement 2 -46 Using the ctad.ini File 2 -46 Using the ctalogd.ini File 2 -47 Installation 2 -47 Additional Information 2 -47 Configuration Tips 2 -48 Status Query Timeout...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 06:16

... modulators, phase detectors, and frequency discriminators The phase discriminators can serve as a signal processing network for systems designed to monitor bearing, polarization, and frequency ... signals A frequency discriminator uses a phase discriminator and adds a power divider and delay line at the RF input as shown in Figure The unknown RF signal "A" is divided between a reference and ... The differential delay (T) creates a phase difference (2) between Signal "A" at the two signals which is a linear function of Frequency "f " frequency (f) and is given by = 2BfT When the two output...

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2014, 01:20

... 10 .48 10.69 10.57 10.30 10.30 10.69 10.85 10.59 10.51 10 .45 10.61 10.50 10.81 10. 54 7.67 7600 7600 7600 7600 5 .48 5 .48 5 .48 5 .48 50 .4 50 .4 50 .4 50 .4 49.6 49 .6 49 .6 49 .6 0. 544 0. 544 0. 545 0. 544 ... 52.0 52.8 53 .4 48.0 49 .1 50.3 48 .7 48 .4 48.2 46 .7 49 .5 49 .6 48 .7 51.2 50.2 Protein density 0.550 0. 545 0. 548 0.556 0.555 0. 544 0. 541 0. 547 0. 549 0.550 0. 547 0. 549 0. 543 0. 548 0. 547 0.556 0.559 Void ... 5 .45 5 .40 5.36 5.32 5.39 5.30 5.56 5 .44 5 .42 5. 14 5.10 Non-polar (%) 50 .4 48.0 48 .0 47 .2 47 .6 52.0 50.9 49 .7 51.3 51.6 51.8 53.3 50.5 50 .4 51.3 48 .8 49 .8 Polar (%) 49 .6 52.0 52.0 52.8 53 .4 48.0...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 23:20

... 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 D Veliceasa et al gastrointestinal cancers: basic science to clinical application Gastroenterology 129, 2076–2091 Carmeliet P (2003) Angiogenesis in health and ... immunoangiostasis J Immunol 176, 145 6– 146 4 11 Cenni E, Perut F, Granchi D, Avnet S, Amato I, Brandi ML, Giunti A & Baldini N (2007) Inhibition of angiogenesis via FGF-2 blockage in primitive and bone metastatic ... membrane traffic Nature 43 8, 597–6 04 31 Watson P & Stephens DJ (2005) ER-to-Golgi transport: form and formation of vesicular and tubular carriers Biochim Biophys Acta 1 744 , 3 04 315 32 Mancias JD...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... 3-GalNAc; 3 ,4- GlcNAc 14- 2 13 84. 4 (1385.5) [M + Na]+ Hex1 HexNAc4 dHex2 PA 14- 3 13 84. 4 (1385.5) [M + Na]+ Hex1 HexNAc4 dHex2 PA 14- 3HF 547 .0* ( 547 .2) [M + H + Na]2+ Hex1 HexNAc4 PA 14- 4 1530.8 (1531.6) ... difucosylated 14- 2 and 14- 3, trifucosylated 14- 4 and tetrafucosylated 14- 5 species ESI MS2 analysis of 14- 5 (Fig 9B) showed the four fucose residues to be linked to the two outermost GalNAc and/ orGlcNAc ... Fuc(a1±3)GalNAc(b1 4) [Fuc(a1±2)Fuc(a1±2)Fuc(a1±3)]GlcNAc(b1±3)GlcNAc(b1±3)GalNAc(b1 4) Glc-PA 8-11 8-11 11-7 10-10 12-5 13 -4 15 + 14- 3 15 + 14- 2 14- 4 14- 5 Ó FEBS 2002 Schistosoma mansoni egg glycolipids (Eur J Biochem 269) 49 1 Fig ESI MS/MS of 12-5 and 15 (A) ESI MS of 12-5 and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... electronic components and measure characteristics Fig.5 is a photo of experimental amplifier The first and second stages have output power of 45 W and 90 W, corresponding, of a standard input 300 ... represented for bit “1” and phase “π” represented for bit “0” A IF signal is taken from the Agilent Signal Generator 8 648 C with help of a transformer to generate two inverted sine waves IC 40 52 with 2-line ... signal Distance between positions of first cursor and second cursor is exactly 3. 24 µs So the pulse width or width of sequence is 42 .12 µs Fourth signal and its zoom in sixth signal show edge transition...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

... (Figs and 2) In contrast, the cleavage sites in R -loops were clustered between the CSB II and SP6 promoter region in both the heavy (Fig 4A, lanes and 8) and light (Fig 4B, lane 5) strands, and ... recombinant human apoptotic endonuclease G on naked DNA and chromatin substrates: cooperation with exonuclease and DNase I J Biol Chem 276, 48 4 04 48 409 Cote, J & Ruiz-Carrillo, A (1993) Primers for ... peplomycin, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 235, 291–2 94 14 Gilbert, D.E & Feigon, J (1999) Multistranded DNA structures CurR Opinion Sruct Biol 9, 305–3 14 15 LeProust,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... 142 Hoang Thi Xuan Hoa / VNU Journal of Science, Foreign Languages 23 (2007) 141 -1 54 where, and in what manner.” [4] , and cultures may vary in the perceptions of and hierarchies ... 30-39, 40 -49 , and 50-60), gender, education (secondary, tertiary), and place of residence (urban, rural) The quota 146 Hoang Thi Xuan Hoa / VNU Journal of Science, Foreign Languages 23 (2007) 141 -1 54 ... its frequency, the situational contexts in which it is found, and the types of linguistic forms Hoang Thi Xuan Hoa / VNU Journal of Science, Foreign Languages 23 (2007) 141 -1 54 available and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 11:20

... relationship between the frequency of a word, f , and its rank, z.6 He suggests that the frequency of a word is inversely proportional to its rank Mandelbrot has refined Zipf’s formula, and suggests a more ... are plotted in Figures and for different sizes of the Finnish and English corpora The search algorithm used in the probabilistic method and Recursive MDL involve randomness and therefore every value ... recognition and production Ph.D thesis, University of Helsinki W Li 1992 Random texts exhibit Zipf’s-Law-like word frequency distribution IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 38(6):1 842 –1 845 S Neuvel...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 03:20

... phosphonic 3 ,4- dihydroxyphenylglycine (Eur J Biochem 269) 40 99 MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals Mushroom tyrosinase (specific activity 55 84 UÆmg)1), 3-(3 ,4- dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (L-Dopa), and 4- hydroxyL-phenylglycine ... of 3 ,4- dihydroxymandelate Biochemistry 25, 44 89 44 92 25 Rodriguez-Lopez, J.N., Fenoll, L.G., Garcia-Ruiz, P.A., Varon, R., Tudela, J., Thorneley, R.N & Garcia-Canovas, F (2000) Stopped-flow and ... of 3 ,4- dihydroxymandelic acid to 3 ,4- dihydroxybenzaldehyde: electrochemical and HPLC analysis of the reaction mechanism Biochim Biophys Acta 1077, 40 0 40 6 30 Bouheroum, M., Bruce, J.M & Land,...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 09:20

... quite active and produce several reports and research papers each year She has to collect and publish the reports and documents on her organization’s website, as well as in hard copy and for email ... finding and accessing documents in easily understood ways STORAGE PROVIDING ACCESS Production and management of electronic documents - Creation and processing of electronic files - page 14 Providing ... simple needs, one person could play all roles Once standards, tools and goals have been established, tasks and procedures can be identified and assigned to the roles needed to implement the workflow...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20