2 epigenetic mechanisms involved in gene silencing

... candidates, including mshA, which is involved in mycothiol biosynthesis These gene candidates may have potential roles in ETH drug resistance that may specifically be involved in ETH bio-activation ... KO counterpart These observations therefore suggest that mshA is not involved in ETH bio-activation and is more likely to be involved in the downstream steps after ETH catalysis Most importantly, ... 100 3.8 Conclusions 101 CHAPTER 4: INVESTIGATING ETH DRUG ACTIVATION AND RESISTANCE MECHANISMS IN MTB 103 4.1 Enhanced killing efficacy of ETH ex vivo versus in vitro against M...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:14

... A FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS APPROACH FOR ELUCIDATION OF NOVEL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN GnRH REGULATION OF THE GONADOTROPINS By LUO MIN (B SC.) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR ... OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2007 NOVEL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN GnRH Luo Min REGULATION OF THE GONADOTROPINS 2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis ... αT3-1 cells, which represent an immature gonadotrope In order to identify novel factors and mechanisms involved in basal and GnRH-induced gonadotropin gene transcription, subtractive hybridization...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 21:47

... generated by cell transplantation or single blastomere injection, enables the analysis of factors involved in cell movement and fate specification during gastrulation 1.6 The T-box genes The spontaneous ... shown to be expressed in the notochord In chick, Tbx2, together with Tbx3,4 and were shown to be involved in limb and digit identity specification (Gibson-Brown et al, 1998; Suzuki et al, 2004) ... regulating zebrafish tbx2b 17 18 1.8 The Wnt signalling pathway Wnt (vertebrate Wg) signalling is involved in cell movement and fate determination (Moon et al, 1997) Based on their ability to induce...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:12

... using different mechanisms These poxvirus proteins probably act at the level of subtle protein interaction to sequester a target protein or impede a complex formation, but their mechanisms of action ... similarities indicate that VACV C6, C16/B22, N2 and C1, whose function is currently unknown, may be involved in suppressing the host immune response through the inhibition of either apoptosis or the ... N1 (PDB:2I39), respectively, are shown Green arrowheads indicate N1 protein residues putatively involved in BH3 peptide binding [11] (B) Structural distribution of conserved motifs Conserved residues...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... the mechanism for silencing viral transcription regardless of histone H3 hyperacetylation should be studied In general, gene silencing is associated with several different mechanisms DNA methylation ... from transcriptional silencing that is observed in the heterochromatin region such as alphoid repetitive sequences [18] These data suggest that HIV-1 is more resistant to gene silencing than HTLV-I ... whereas gene silencing is often not associated with DNA methylation [32,33] In such situations, methylation of H3K9 is linked with loss of transcriptions [34] It is possible that silencing of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:21

... by chemical oxidation to MnO4) [26] The stable tyrosyl radical (YÆ) of the C ammoniagenes R2F is involved in ribonucleotide reduction An activity assay was developed to examine the enzymatic reaction ... metal during in vivo generation of the radical It is expected that the tyrosyl radical is directly involved in 2¢-deoxyribonucleotide product formation via radical transfer to the catalytic site...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20

... EX007447.1), HbGSTK (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, GenBank: BM883827.1) *Residues involved in glutathione binding site #Residues involved in dimer interface GSTK-1 and GSTK-2 are localized in peroxisomes ... intermediates [8,9] Thus, the presence of GSTK1 in both organelles suggests that it may be specifically involved in the b-oxidation of fatty acids, either through its catalytic activity, a certain transport ... genes show similarity to human genes, and transient RNA interference (RNAi) allows specific gene silencing, this model organism represents a powerful tool for gene function analysis The aim of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 03:20

... results of other studies have suggested that PLC is not involved [23,24] To determine whether PLC activity or G-protein-mediated signaling was involved in EGCG-induced PLD activation in U87 cells, ... mutant PLCc1 significantly attenuated EGCG-induced PLD activation (Fig 3D), suggesting that PLC-c1 is involved in this process EGCG induces a rise in [Ca2+]i in U87 cells As EGCG stimulates PLC activity, ... during EGCGinduced PLD activation 3474 S Y Kim et al (Eur J Biochem 271) Ó FEBS 2004 Fig PLC is involved in EGCG-induced PLD activation (A) Quiescent U87 cells were pretreated with 200 ngÆmL)1...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... RNAinduced silencing complex and guides the endonucleolytic cleavage of transcripts of the transgene and homologous endogenous genes ARGONAUTE1 is a main slicer in the RNA-induced silencing complex ... at least in this case, overexpression of the transgene is established via complex mechanisms, including RNA silencing 1696 Results Recovery from S-PTGS by sequential introduction of a same-sense ... result of the interaction of RNA silencing The instability of transgene expression has often been observed in offspring and, in some cases, overexpression and silencing of the transgene are segregated...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... inhibitors to determine whether PKC is functionally involved in the L-MAT cell apoptosis induced by TCDD and attempted to identify the specific PKC isoform(s) involved in the process Pre-treatment with ... single AhR model, as AhR-independent mechanisms exist by which TCDD can exert immunotoxic effects [9,10] In previous studies, we attested that AhR cannot be involved in TCDD-induced apoptosis in ... studying the AhR-independent molecular mechanism involved in the immunotoxicity of TCDD In summary, we suggest that PKCh kinase activity is functionally involved in the TCDD-induced signal transduction...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... Dianthus caryophyllus, acetyl-CoA benzyl alcohol transferase (BEAT) of Clarkia breweri and other AATs involved in secondary metabolism Multiple alignment was focused on O-acyltransferases and highlighted ... (DFGWG) positions that are present among plants O-acyl-transferases [12] Ó FEBS 2002 A melon gene involved in volatile esters formation (Eur J Biochem 269) 2361 Fig Multiple alignment of melon CMAAT1 ... considered as playing a role in activity However, in the BEAT sequence, which encodes an enzyme involved in scent production, glycine was substituted by methionine in the conserved triad H-x-x-x-DG...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:21

... two data sets, that is, the set of genes involved in a cyclic process and the set of noncycle -involved genes recognized in biological experiments The cycle -involved genes are used to initialize ... cyclic-processinvolved genes and guarantees that the verified cycle genes will be included with 100% certainty into the output gene set, and at the same time the verified noncycle -involved genes ... measurements, all sampled genes (referred as Ω), experimentally verified cycle -involved genes (denoted as G), noncycle -involved genes (represented as F) and priori frequency range [ω1 , ω2 ]; 2:...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... applications The underlying mechanisms are, however, not fully understood Arsenic exerts its effect by inhibiting the activities of several enzymes, especially those involved in cellular signaling ... However, arsenic trioxide exerts its effect through different cellular and physiological pathways The mechanisms of action of arsenic trioxide related to the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells remain ... impressive effects of arsenic trioxide in hematological cancers and solid tumor cells in vitro, the mechanisms of arsenic trioxide-mediated cell death have recently come under increasing scrutiny...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:21

... increases in Peyer's patches and spleens of tolerized mice [13] Among the various immune cells involved in the induction of oral tolerance, dendritic cells (DCs) may play a major role in linking ... induce CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells CD11c+CD8α+ DCs, however, promote T-cell proliferation [12] The mechanisms underlying the suppression by DCs of the expansion and differentiation of effector T ... stimulation, 72.1%; CII + 1-MT, 32.1%) (Figure 5c) Using RT-PCR, we also examined Foxp3 transcripts involved in the conversion of CD4+CD25- T cells into CD4+CD25+ T cells (Figure 5d) Our findings...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:22

... chromatin proteins may be involved Our data are consistent with this finding Here we have shown that reduced levels of two proteins involved in transcriptional gene silencing, Dnmt3a and Trim28, ... developmental noise We were keen to discover whether similar effects would be seen with other proteins involved in epigenetic reprogramming We have previously reported that MommeD2 mice carry a mutation ... developing metabolic disease later in life We were interested in testing whether epigenetic regulatory mechanisms such as CpG methylation and histone methylation are important features in the control...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... chromatin proteins may be involved Our data are consistent with this finding Here we have shown that reduced levels of two proteins involved in transcriptional gene silencing, Dnmt3a and Trim28, ... developmental noise We were keen to discover whether similar effects would be seen with other proteins involved in epigenetic reprogramming We have previously reported that MommeD2 mice carry a mutation ... developing metabolic disease later in life We were interested in testing whether epigenetic regulatory mechanisms such as CpG methylation and histone methylation are important features in the control...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... cells after silencing MTA1(P > 0.05) The results in negative group showed no effects on two breast cancer cells(Figure 6) Influence of silencing MTA1 mRNA expression on cell cycle After silencing ... assay The invasion index before silencing MTA1 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were 76.3 ± 2.4%, 25.6 ± 1.9%, respectively, the difference was obvious(P < 0.05) After silencing MTA1 gene in MDAMB-231 ... lower side of the filter (400×)before silencing MTA1 B: MDA-MB-231 cells passed through the filter and attached to the lower side of the filter (400×) after silencing MTA1 C: MCF-7 cells passed...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:21

... These data indicated that JMJD2A-specific siRNA silencing mRNA could significantly reduce the levels of JMJD2A protein expression in MDA-MB-231 cells Silencing JMJD2A gene resulted in cell cycle ... research, our data showed that silencing of JMJD2A could suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cell line, thereby indicating that JMJD2A may be involved in the estrogen signaling ... site Recent researches indicate that not only gene dysfunction but also histone modifications are involved in breast tumorigenesis [13] Recent studies have implicated H3K9 modifications in numerous...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:21

... important role in XPC gene silencing of lung cancer cells [29] Therefore, future studies also need to determine the roles of these epigenetic regulation mechanisms in XPC gene silencing and bladder ... important role in the HDACs-caused XPC gene silencing of bladder cancer cells This provides an important basis for understanding the mechanism of XPC gene silencing in bladder cancer cells However, ... proteins in both their functions, these results suggest that only certain HDACs are involved in the XPC gene silencing in the urinary bladder transitional cell carcinomas Since the HDACs family...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 21:23

... also found (Fig 1) These results suggest that JNK could be the most specific and important signal involved in the melittin and BV-induced inhibition of NO and PGE2 generation p-JNK JNK p-ERK ERK ... tubulointerstitial inflammation, a hallmark of most renal diseases is regulated by JNK [41] JNK pathway is also involved in IL-6 gene expression by enhancing NF-κB activity in human monocytes [42], as well as ... Plasmodium falciparum [43] Taken together, our data indicate that inhibition of JNK signal is the most involved in the inhibitory effect of melittin and bee venom on the LPS and SNP-induced activation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:22