21 mixed structural and functional descriptions 25

... V18/C279 (b1 strand), L32/F293 (b2 strand), I33/K294 (loop after b2 strand), I68/F334, L71/ V337 and L73/F339 (all in b5 strand) of D3 and I41/L304, C43/A306 (both in b3), L69/S326 and L71/L328 ... dimer The first cluster includes F70/V336 and I72/Q338 (both in b5 strand) of D3 and F27/Y289 (b2 strand), L67/M324, V70/I327 and L72/L328 (all in b4 strand) of B The second cluster consists of ... evolutionarily, structurally, and functionally related to a VHS domain [101] Lately, the structure of the GAT (GGAs and Tom1) domain directly following the VHS domain of Tom1 and GGAs (Golgi-associate,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... structure and symmetry of the virion and nucleocapsids can be generated 125 References Anderson, N.L., and Anderson, N.G 1998 Proteome and proteomics: new technologies, new concepts and new words ... Hansen, W.W., and Packart, M., 1946 Nuclear Induction Phys Rev 69, 127150 Branden C, Tooze J 1999 Introduction to Protein Structure Garland Publishing, New York, p 251-281 Branden, C., and Tooze, ... 1998) Both depletion and over expression of SFR2 could cause serious impact to the transcription and splicing machineries during gene expression (Wang and Manley, 1995; Fededa and Kornblihtt, 2008;...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:11

... Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (to L.W and S.E.), the 4928 Swedish Research Council (to H.E and P.N.) and the Swedish Cancer Foundation (to H.E and P.N.) The Structural Genomics Consortium ... domain is mainly built up by residues from the C-terminus and consists of a two-stranded anti-parallel b-sheet composed of b2 and b9 and an a-helix from the C-terminus (Fig 1A) The two subunits ... PRTFDC1 (A) monomer and (B) tetramer generated using symmetry-related molecules Interactions with GMP (C) GMP, phosphate and calcium ions are shown as sticks and spheres colored pink and black, respectively...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20

... lanes 2,3 and 4, lower band) The levels of mutant and wild-type MCPIP mRNAs were higher when these vectors were co-transfected with a vector overexpressing IL-1b (Fig 5, lanes and 4, upper bands) ... intermediate levels in heart and placenta, and the lowest levels in spleen, kidney, liver and lung The transcript was not detectable in brain, thymus, muscles, small intestine and colon (Fig 3A) The ... within the PIN domain (D141A and D226A) Transcription was inhibited by addition of actinomycin D, and RNA was collected after 3, and h The mRNA level for IL-1b (top panel) and MCPIP (bottom panel)...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... functional and structural genomics studies could provide a new insight into molecular biology of the virus and be meaningful for drug design 1.3.2 Reseach progress on SGIV 1.3.2.1 Isolation and ... collected and treated with cycloheximide and aphidicoline to study the temporal gene expression and to classify them into different-stage viral genes such as Immediate Early, Early 11 and Late ... This is very important for any further functional or structural studies on the protein because only folded proteins retain their functional activities and the three dimensional structures (Rehm...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:11

... signature), 218 nm (b strand signature), 202–204 nm (random coil signature) In WhiB5 and WhiB6, the structure was dominated by a helices and b strands and the proportion of these structural elements ... refolding were  98% pure and were brownish (Figs S1 and S2) The presence of four conserved cysteines and the brownish appearance of purified WhiB1, WhiB2, WhiB5, WhiB6 and WhiB7 indicated the presence ... WhiB6 and WhiB7 the loss was  8–10% After 48 h of air exposure, losses were as follows:  80% in WhiB1,  75% in WhiB2 and WhiB5,  65% in WhiB3,  60% in WhiB4, and  35–40% in WhiB6 and WhiB7...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 12:20

... between R81 and P82 and between G90 and I91 A similar cis peptide between G93 and V94 is found in Tm SurE also Overall structural features of the protein St SurE is an aba sandwich protein and adopts ... archaic and thermophilic homologues The St SurE monomer consists of 13 b-strands, six a-helices and three 310-helices The core of the protein is made up of a nine-stranded b-sheet flanked by a1, a5 and ... are represented by pink, cyan, blue and yellow, respectively The tetrameric interactions are between the subunits A and C, and B and D, by way of the b hairpins and the loop, which connects b2 to...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... D and E + F), (b) a few hydrogen bonds, and a hydrophobic interaction between A + C, B + E and D + F, and (c) electrostatic forces in the central channel of the hexamer between B, C and F, and ... water molecule fixing the three lysines from the B, C and F subunits, and there is no direct interaction between subunits A and F, B and D, or C and E A phosphate ion was found in the donor site ... Ala The mutant enzymes, F133N and F133A, were expressed, purified and characterized With mm UMP and ATP as substrates, the activities of F133N and F133A were only 50 and 20% of that of the wild-type...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... chromosomes; PDGF-a and -b on chromosomes and 22 [17,18], and PDGF-c and -d on chromosomes and 11 [19], respectively The genomic organization of the pdgf genes is quite similar, although PDGF-c and -d genes ... exons in PDGF-c (exons and 6) and PDGF-d (exons and 7) encoding the cystine knot motifs resemble the corresponding exons in the PDGF-a and -b (exons and 5) genes Both in PDGF-a and -b, exon encodes ... While PDGF-A and -B can form both homo- and heterodimers (PDGF-AA, -AB, -BB), PDGF-C and -D exist only as homodimers (PDGF-CC and -DD) The full-length PDGF-C and -D monomers are 54–55 kDa and 49–56...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... concentrations: 40 and 80 mM (lanes and 3) for h MTs were also treated for the same period with a reducing agent (dithiothreitol) at 40 and 80 mM (lanes and 5) To reduce aggregation, MT samples were handled ... urchin, snail and oyster) have so far been elucidated [11–17] As in mammals and fish [18], echinoderm MTs contain two globular domains binding four and three bivalent ions [19] On the other hand, in ... Vergani et al right-handed b domain binds three bivalent metal ions The C-terminal a domain is left-handed and binds four bivalent ions Zinc is preferentially located in the b domain and cadmium in...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... be distinguished Helices B, E, F and H, arranged in an up -and- down topology, form the structural core, whereas the short helices C, D and G on one side, and A, I and J on the other, represent types ... glutamate and aspartate residues confined to the portion of the molecule involving a-helix A, the nearby loop, the first and last turns of helices E and F, and the C-terminus helices I and J In ... b-sheet flanked by a-helices Five b-strands, labelled from A to E, run all contiguous The N-terminus of the monomer includes strand A, an a-helix and a long stretch, and the C-terminal portion includes...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:21

... of polar and charged groups, as well as hydrophobic and packing effects [28] These proteins typically have a higher proportion of polar and charged residues, primarily glutamic acid and lysine, ... 17 Andley UP, Mathur S, Griest TA & Petrash JM (1996) Cloning, expression, and chaperone-like activity of human aA-crystallin J Biol Chem 271, 31973–31980 18 Fernando P & Heikkila JJ (2000) Functional ... protein–solvent interactions: thermostability and the role of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions Protein Sci 4, 1516–1527 Cambillau C & Claverie J-M (2000) Structural and genomic correlates of hyperthermostability...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 04:20

... dimers, with monomers A and B in dimer and C and D in dimer (Fig 8) The a-crystallin domain of each monomer is composed of nine b-strands (labeled b2–b10), with the b6 strand situated in a large ... formation depends upon contact of b-strand 10 from the C-terminal extensions of monomers A and D with b-strands and in the a-crystallin domain of monomers C and B, respectively (Fig 8) A more prominent ... parent monomer Monomers A (green) and B (yellow) form dimer 1, while monomers C (red) and D (blue) form dimer L5 ⁄ 7, the loop between b-strands and which contains b-strand 6; N term, amino terminus...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... Here we confirm and extend earlier studies of these AAA-peroxins and give a further detailed functional analysis of their cassette structure and interaction The interaction of Pex1p and Pex6p involves ... for ATP-binding and ATP-hydrolysis [19,20] Pex1p and Pex6p are functionally nonredundant AAA-proteins required for the biogenesis of peroxisomes A direct interaction of Pex1p and Pex6p has been ... function of Pex1p and Pex6p functions and proteolysis [17,18] AAA-proteins share the presence of one or two AAA-cassettes, comprising about 230 amino acids and are characterized by WalkerA and B motifs...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... and functional BMP ⁄ activin pathway in lophotrochozoans, for which a singular and promiscuous type II receptor would be the shared interface for both BMP and activin ligands Results Type I and ... cloning and functional study of the central part of the BMP pathway (the Cg-BMPR1 type I receptor and Cg-TGFbsfR2 type II receptor) This shows probably the most ancestral and unusual functional ... bold and underlined, and the cysteine knot is boxed The second extracellular domain (C2) also contained 10 cysteines and these are also shown in bold and the cysteine knot is boxed The C1 and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... but also directly to enzymes and transcription factors OPDA: an independent regulator of gene expression Given the functional and structural differences between OPDA and JA, it is exciting to presume ... of structurally related compounds and their role in cellular stress responses is a very intriguing and challenging matter of actual research The latter compounds comprise oxidized lipids and ... FEBS C Bottcher and S Pollmann ¨ for growth inhibitory effects and the development of necrotic lesions [56] Studies on flu and the flu ⁄ dde2-2 double mutant indicated that OPDA and ⁄ or dnOPDA...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... composed mainly of a helices (Figs and 2) The core of Iba2 is a pair of EF-hand motifs, denoted as EF-hands and 2, each consisting of two a helices (aA, aB and aC, aD, respectively) anking a ... similarities to classical EF-hand proteins The second pair of EF-hands in calmodulin (PDB code 1CLL) [19] and the second pair of EF-hands in troponin C (PDB code 1NCX) [20] are structurally closely related ... and the conformational change of EF-hand proteins upon Ca2+ binding [18] Thus, it may be concluded that EF-hand of the Iba proteins is not capable of functional Ca2+ binding Function of EF-hand...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... structures of CMP and UMP, and interactions between the cytosine moiety of nucleotide and various side chains of wild-type CMP kinase (Upper) Chemical differences between CMP and UMP are indicated ... from R110 and S36 could not be established with UMP Each of these residues could, in principle, also be important for stability of the protein Partial coupling between the structural and functional ... of relaxation, and in the case of S36A, no relaxation at all The rst type of relaxation (structural relaxation), which involves only proton and side chain motions, is seen in D132 and R110 mutants...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 10:20

... Cay and Cat Island) were obtained as a generous gift from J Sanchez, SUNY, Buffalo, NY [1-14C]Arachidonic acid was from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and PG standards ... ether/acetic acid (3 : : 0.05, v/v/v) Incubation products and unlabelled authentic PG and HETE standards were visualized with an anisaldehyde spray reagent and brief heating at 90 °C [28] For product quantification, ... methanol, and the radioactivity was measured by liquid scintillation counting as described before [29] Results PCR cloning and structural analysis We obtained P homomalla samples from the Bahamas and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

... selectively associated with cathepsin E below pH 5.0 and rapidly cleaved it at a specific site distinct from the bait region, thereby losing its structural and functional integrity against 20 mM Hepes buffer, ... gel) under reducing conditions and then transferred onto poly(vinylidene difluoride) membranes and stained with Coomassie blue R-250 The stained bands were excised and the adsorbed proteins were ... activities of cathepsin E and cathepsin D The Hb-hydrolyzing activity of cathepsin E purified from human erythrocytes and rat spleen and cathepsin D purified from bovine spleen and rat spleen (0.01...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20