1 upgrading to the current release

... PLP The Ki value was 16.5 μM for the DNA template and 6.4 μM for the substrate dTTP The inhibitory mode of pol α by PLP was found to be the same mode as pol ε In pols α and ε, the Ki value for the ... is the 5'-phosphate form of PL, must be the active form of PL in human cancer cells The question arises as to whether PL is converted to its 5'-monophosphate form in vivo To determine whether the ... geared towards the filling of unoccupied NAD receptor sites The principle treatment for the NAD-DD is the administration of optimal amounts of vitamin B3 in order to cover the NAD receptor sites...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 08:20

... STZ is the toxin from Actinomycetes (Streptomyces chromogen) It was used to induce experimentally diabetic models of animals [4,5,7] The injection of single dose of STZ (120mg kg -1) into the HFD ... country but up to now, there is no study on anti-obesity and hypoglycemic effects on the basis of the key enzymes activity of carbohydrate metabolism The purpose of this study is to investigate ... was used for the experiments The animals was housed at 25±40 C with 12h light and dark cycle All the mice were divided into two lots, one fed with normal diet (ND from NIHE), other fed with...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 17:20

... treated or untreated diabetic mice (Fig.4A) Therefore, it is necessary to treat for long time with CGE to restore hexokinase activity On the contrary, there was a significant reduction in hepatic ... 0.01 1.72 ± 0.1 90.2 ± 13.06 The obtained results show that the body weights of HFD-fed mice were increased approximately 1.8 times compared to the NDfed mice (Fig.1) There is great difference in ... glucose-6-phosphate to produce inorganic phosphorus (Pi) Produced P i was quantified according to the method described by Taussky [10] The protein concentration was measured by the method of Bradford...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... damage directly to mtDNA resulting in abnormality in ATP production Therefore, the amount of ATP was further determined aiming to indirectly detect the cell viability and the mitochondrial activity ... damage The increase in mtDNA mutations was dependent on the bacterial virulence factors The changes in mtDNA in peptic ulcer tissues may further impair the ATP synthesis and increase the mtDNA ... mutation in the mtDNA These findings further confirmed that the increased ROS levels and the elevated mutation rates as well as the decreased cell viability were caused by the Hp extracts Furthermore,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:18

... the vascular system and hematopoietic stem cells through the Tie2 receptor [6] However, ANGPTLs not bind to either Tie2 or the related protein Tie1, suggesting that these orphan ligands function ... independent receptors; Tie2 receptor and integrins [22] Therefore, we cannot rule out the possibility that endothelial cells and ⁄ or monocytes express a specific ANGPTL2 receptor Although further studies ... adipose tissue, although they are not obese [15] The expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1b) was increased in the adipose tissue of ANGPTL2...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... of the chemical steps The rate constants for the physical steps can be estimated from the stopped-flow measurements of the pterin analogues As the rate constants for the binding of the pair of the ... intermediate by tautomerization for the subsequent deprotonation and reprotonation of C2¢ Whether the epimerase reaction follows the same reaction intermediate as that of the aldolase reaction or the mechanism ... reactions in D2O The bottom spectrum was obtained before the addition of the enzyme, and the middle three spectra were obtained 18, 35, and 70 after the addition of the enzyme The top spectrum is...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 00:20

... in the interior of the double helix DNA, the chromatin structure has to be remodeled during these processes Both processes require DNA topoisomerase to unwind the DNA helix and DNA helicase to ... light on the role of these markers in the pathogenesis of many of these lesions and their contribution to standard diagnostic protocols, determination of prognosis and even treatment monitoring ... suggestion that these MCMs provide nuclear targeting to the other members of the family [28] In nearly all species, the bulk of MCMs are constitutively located in the nucleus throughout the entire...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 19:20

... sequence codes  The messenger RNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm  Transfer RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome to match the sequence codes At the ribosome, Amino ... Amino acids bond together and form polypeptides,  Which bond together to make proteins  Some examples of proteins are:    Melanin, the pigment that gives our skin color Enzymes, the catalysts ... molecules found in the food we eat or produced in our cells  It happens at the ribosomes  DNA and protein synthesis, then, happens this way:  DNA sequence codes (how letters are put together) produce...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 16:36

... Carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm DNA and Protein Synthesis - Translation Translation: 1) rRNA (ribosomal RNA) attaches to mRNA and starts reading the codons ... like the alphabet has 26 letters to make all the words we know, the 20 amino acids make all the different proteins found in living organisms • The codons are the template for protein synthesis, ... and attaches them to the growing protein chain 3) When protein production is complete, the ribosome releases the protein chain DNA and Protein Synthesis - Summary DNA and Protein Synthesis Practice...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 16:38

... contribute to extended survival times in the cold-exposed insects under FTR The slight, but nonsignificant, accumulation of the other polyols (myo-inositol, ribitol and sorbitol), and the synthesis ... contents is necessary to shuttle the amino group derived from the conversion of Pro to alpha-Ketoglutarate (a-KG) in flight muscle back to body fat [34] Oxidation of the keto acid in the citric acid ... epithelia during the ‘warm’ periods [11] The impaired function of ion pumping systems, together with the inability to prevent ⁄ restrict ion leakage down the electrochemical gradient, led to the reduction...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... of the Protocol for the Protection and Welfare of Animals In our experiments we took into consideration the ‘three Rs’ (reduce, refine, replace) and we kept the number of animal experiments to the ... similar tolerance to glucose and sensitivity to insulin as in their starting state (week 0) (Fig 5; P > 0.05) In addition, there was no significant difference in the response to intraperitoneal ... and the metabolic syndrome [2,18] The risk of developing all other components of the metabolic syndrome increases with obesity, supporting the hypothesis that obesity is the central feature of the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 17:20

... not bind to overlapping sites In order to further investigate the possibility that the AQ derivatives might bind to the RNase H active site, the ability of K-49 and KNA-53 to inhibit the enzyme ... 290 nm the contribution of tryptophan to the uorescence signal is maximized, whereas the uorescence energy transfer from the tyrosine residues to the tryptophan residue is minimized [27] Therefore, ... RT inhibitors F Esposito et al for the RDDP inhibition activity In the case of KNA53, the bulkier moiety 1-4-bromophenyl)-2-oxyethanone does not allow the compound to enter further into the cavity...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:20

... thought to participate in exclusive H-bonding interactions with the O6 and N7 atoms of G13 (complementary to the conserved C8 base on the sense strand) and the N7 atom of A12 (complementary to the ... nucleotide bases in the binding motif [17] To elucidate the functionality of DNA–DevR protein interactions, the present study was designed to decipher the contribution of Lys182 (K182) to the DNA binding ... of the dormant tubercle bacilli that are refractory to current treatment regimens [2,3] Dormancy adaptation is characterized by the cessation of active bacterial growth and the transition into...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:20

... the l-NAPs rather than with the small sized polyamines Our conviction is strengthened by the fact that the collapse of high Mr DNA to toroidal and spheroidal structures has been reported in the ... extremely sensitive to the action of DNase I We believe that this is a result of the resolubilization of DNA and the massive exposure of the phosphodiester bonds to the active site of the nuclease, ... resolubilization was attributed to the osmotic stress generated by the high concentration of polyamines, which drives these cations into the nonpolar DNA phase, and to the decreased number of DNA-binding...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... VI) protonates the cytosine N3 atom thus facilitating the nucleophilic attack by the thiol group In the conjugate, the negative charge of the cytosine C5 atom causes its alkylation by the Ado‐ ... hydrolysis the region from –34 to +17 position in the “top” DNA strand and the region from –33 to +17 position in the “bottom” DNA strand (the numbers indicate the position relatively to the start ... atom gets protonated that altogether leads to the DNA–enzyme conjugate formation As a result, the cytosine base aromaticity is disrupted and the C5 atom becomes negatively charged However, the...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:21

... described in the Results section The inserts in the isolated k clones were amplified by PCR using vector primers, and the products were then cloned into pCR2.1-TOPO DNA sequencing was performed by the ... Importantly, the AspN digestion gave peptides corresponding to the first 18 residues of the N terminus and the last 16 residues of the C terminus of the predicted mature protein No peptide corresponding to ... donating electrons to SiR as described by Yonekura-Sakakibara et al [30] The difference in Km may be due to the differences in the methods used to measure activity To examine the effects of DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 08:20

... of flow cytometry: the ordinate shows the shift (M1 gate) in the green fluorescence histogram obtained after incubation of cells with FITC–avidin as described in Experimental procedures The M1 gate ... PCR, we studied whether changes in the PRDX5 KD-1 clone influence the level of transcripts complementary to human DNA repeats A similar approach has been recently used by others to show increased ... constitutive (basal) expression of the PRDX5 gene It should be noted that the potential binding site for the ubiquitous transcription factor NF-1 is located kb upstream of the PRDX5 transcription start...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 11:20

... shown in Figs and These experiments provided evidence that the three plant factors reacted similarly to the mutations in the )35-region but more diverse to the other regions of the promoter Previous ... sigma factors In the case of M-5–6 T/C–C/A, the competitor strength of this mutant was still significantly stronger in the presence of SASIG1 than with any of the other factors tested The )10 T/A ... substitutions in either of the conserved regions, i.e the )35-region, the TATA box-like element, the )10-region, or the extended )10-motif (Fig 6A) The sigma factors that were used included the SASIG...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20

... area under the heat absorption curve with a precision of ± 1% The melting point Tm corresponds to the value of temperature at the maximum of the heat absorption curve The width of the transition ... under the curve of heat capacity dependence on temperature, DCp ¼ ƒ(T), and the baseline drawn between the temperatures at the beginning (T1) and the end (T2) of the transition, corresponds to the ... of the aminoalkyl side chains of ametantrone analogs had little effect on the kinetic stability of the complexes It can be seen from Table that a reduction in the cytotoxic effect of the synthetic...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20

... the evaporator, the carbon scored into squares, and the replicas floated off onto water 400 mesh grids are then used to pick up the squares from below In the transmission EM, the outline of the ... heights above the base of the cuvette It is important to pay attention to the height of the optical axis of the fluorometer, and to make certain that the height of the sample chamber of the cuvette ... allowed to spread over the holes, then blotted to form a thin film of 20–100 nm The EM grid is then rapidly plunged into a cryogen to convert the thin layer of specimen in solution to vitreous ice The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 01:17