regulation of glucose metabolism by bone cells

... pathway of DCs was based on results obtained by cell culture studies Cells with characteristics of Langerhans cells and DCs can be generated in vitro by culturing CD34+ cells in the presence of GM-CSF ... Myeloid Cells form a Major Arm of Innate Immunity The cellular component in innate immunity formed by myeloid cells is a major arm of the innate immune system The generation of immune cells through ... components refer to all the cells that play an active role in innate immunity These cells include epithelial cells, eosiniphils, DCs, mast cells, phagocytic cells, NK cells and γδ T cells The natural flora...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 11:59

... Phospholipids PGM-M 11 2PG 12 Fig Glucose metabolism in cancer cells Main glucose metabolism consisting of glycolysis (1–15), mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism, synthesis of fatty acids (21), lipid ... capable of reducing the level of fructose 2,6-P2 independent of the phosphorylation state of iPFK-2 Reducing the level of fructose 2,6-P2 and thus the activity of PFK-1 improves the supply of glucose ... reduction of glucosederived carbons into the TCA cycle However, overexpression of PDHK-1 and thus inhibition of PDH is not a common feature of all tumor cells Oxidation of exogenous pyruvate by PDH...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

... from the start of glucose infusion For the calculation of glycogen C6 changes, data acquired within h of the start of the glucose infusion was not included to avoid any influence of transient changes ... saturation ensured complete elimination of signals from outside of the volume of interest The localized signals of glycogen and glucose were acquired with spectrometer offset set to 100 p.p.m (64 scans ... time courses of glycogen and glucose from the control mouse liver (B) Representative time courses of glycogen and glucose from the ADM mouse liver The concentrations of glycogen C1 and glucose C1...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 17:20

... and the cells of the blastomeres up to the 8-cell stage Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into all cell types of the three germ layers of an organism Examples of pluripotent stem cells include ... embryonic stem (ES) cells, embryonic germ (EG) cells and embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells Multipotent stem cells can give rise to cells of certain specialized lineages Many adult stem cells are multipotent, ... karyotype, ES cells represent a better model than EC cells for the study of embryogenesis and directed differentiation At the molecular level, ES cells express many of the specific markers of EC cells...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:19

... molecular control of mammalian iron metabolism Cell 117, 285–297 13 Richardson DR & Ponka P (1997) The molecular mechanisms of the metabolism and transport of iron in normal and neoplastic cells Biochim ... RAW 264.7 cells with SNP, whereas the RNA-binding activity of IRP1 remained largely unaffected (Fig 1B) Surprisingly, the rapid induction of ferritin synthesis by SNP in RAW 264.7 cells occurred ... 264.7 cells with an iron donor, ferric 3830 Fig Effects of IFNc ⁄ LPS on ferritin (Ft) synthesis (A) and IRPbinding activities (B) in RAW 264.7 cells (A) Cells were incubated in the presence of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... the titer of VSV was slightly decreased to · 105 pfuÆmL)1 at a concentration of 100 lm, whereas putrescine did not affect virus yield Immunoblot analysis of cells treated in the presence of 25 lm ... the regulation of apoptosis [21,22] Thus, the possibility that the antiviral effect of spermine is mediated by induction of apoptosis was analyzed For this purpose, the effect of spermine (50 ... presence of Z-VAD-FMK, a general inhibitor of caspase activity, or Me2SO (control) In the presence of Me2SO, virus titer was significantly decreased by spermine compared with untreated cells (Fig...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... determined by assaying incorporation of glucose from uridine diphospho-[6-3H]-Dglucose into glycogen and expressed as a ratio of the activity in the absence divided by that in the presence of glucose- 6-phosphate ... establish the importance of GSK3 in the acute regulation of glucose transport in terms of its regulatory control of GS in muscle and fat cells we have investigated the effects of Li and the anilinomaleimide, ... involved in the metabolism of glucose [24] It is difficult therefore to exclude the possibility that the observed stimulatory effects of Li on glucose transport may be mediated by a mechanism that...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... on loans on the basis of market capital supply – demand and the creditability of borrowers” Page of 20 International Finance Regulation of Interest Rate by the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) This ... Liberalization of interest rate From the year Page 18 of 20 International Finance Regulation of Interest Rate by the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) 1994, Credit limit mechanism was deleted, replacing by other ... Loc MBA Intake 13 CFVG, Hanoi, June 2006 Page of 20 International Finance Regulation of Interest Rate by the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) THE ROLES OF INTEREST RATE Interest Rate is a key economic...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 01:20

... Down-regulation of telomerase activity by induction of differentiation of HL-60 cells has been reported [24,25] To understand the role of each telomerase subunit in enzyme activity, we used downregulation of ... downregulation of telomerase by inducing differentiation of HL-60 cells, and up-regulation of telomerase by stimulating proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to evaluate changes ... in HL-60 cells after induction of differentiation Over 80% of the HL-60 cells remained viable over the entire course of treatment with dimethylsulfoxide The ratio of differentiated cells (Fig...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... been suggested that glucose induces de novo synthesis of Vid24p as addition of cyclohexamide with glucose was determined to inhibit induction of this protein Furthermore, during glucose starvation, ... elucidation 34 Molecular Regulation of Endocytosis Figure Current model of the Vid pathway Growth of yeast cells under glucose starvation conditions induces the synthesis of gluconeogenic enzymes (cargo) ... gluconeogenic enzymes The site of degradation of FBPase is dependent on the duration of starvation From studies conducted by the Wolf lab, it has been demonstrated that following glucose replenishment,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:21

... [57,58], Ga ⁄ tubulin Agonist GPCR Gαβγ α Gα Activation of GTPase of tubulin by Gα, and inhibition of MT assembly Gβγ Loss of GTP cap on MT end by Gα promotes catastrophy in di and increase i MT dynamics ... Effect GDPTubulin Effectors Promotion of MT assembly by Gβγ GTP-Tubulin γ-Tub Fig Model for the regulation of microtubule (MT) assembly by a and bc subunits of G proteins Based on in vitro results ... new understanding of the mechanism of action of the anti-mitotic ⁄ anti-cancer drugs and allow for the development of new drugs that might be more effective in the treatment of cancer c-Tubulin–Gbc...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 10:20

... the condition of high PtdCho turnover, the addition of inositol can consume part of the PA pool, permitting that partial repression of INO1 transcription Alternatively, the addition of inositol ... construction by the following lines of evidence (Fig 1), namely that (a) mutations in genes encoding structural enzymes of the cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) pathway for PtdCho biosynthesis bypass ... (kindly provided by V Bankaitis, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA) into YCplac22, by using EcoRI and HindIII restriction enzymess [23] Gene disruption Disruption of the Pld1p gene...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... progenitor cells Activation of naı¨ ve T cells by antigenic or mitogenic stimulation leads to cell proliferation and differentiation into effector T cells, mediated by the action of immunologically ... of the exact cleavage site on Stat5 will be important in enhancing our understanding of the regulation of Stat5 function by proteolytic cleavage in peripheral T cells Proteolytic regulation of ... Upon activation of naı¨ ve T cells by mitogenic stimulation, the expression of truncated Stat5a and Stat5b proteins disappears and is replaced by the expression and activation of the full-length...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... representation of the structures of the As-rel genome and mRNAs of As-rel1 and As-rel2 (B) Genome sequence of splicing sites Note that As-rel1 mRNA is generated by splicing at the sites shown by open ... amounts of transfected DNA were kept constant (1.5 lg) by adding an empty vector (pBIND or pCI-neo-Flag vector) The level of activity was normalized on the basis of the level of activity of control ... overexpression of As-rel1 can be explained by its Ó FEBS 2003 Regulation of Rel by alternative splice variant (Eur J Biochem 270) 4467 the presence of the IjB protein, will modulate the function of As-rel1...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... expression of the firefly luciferase gene was driven by the U3 region of an FeLV LTR containing one, two or three copies of the 21-bp element Reporter gene constructs were introduced by lipid-mediated ... Figure overexpression of replication in response to exogenous Regulation of FeLVCBP Regulation of FeLV replication in response to exogenous overexpression of CBP K-562 cells were chronically ... in hematopoietic cells in limiting amounts, these observations suggest that FeLV-945 replication in bone marrow may influence CBP availability and thereby alter the regulation of CBP-responsive...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... expression of the firefly luciferase gene was driven by the U3 region of an FeLV LTR containing one, two or three copies of the 21-bp element Reporter gene constructs were introduced by lipid-mediated ... Figure overexpression of replication in response to exogenous Regulation of FeLVCBP Regulation of FeLV replication in response to exogenous overexpression of CBP K-562 cells were chronically ... in hematopoietic cells in limiting amounts, these observations suggest that FeLV-945 replication in bone marrow may influence CBP availability and thereby alter the regulation of CBP-responsive...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... were analyzed by densitometry using Kodak Digital Science software (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) Data were analyzed by paired t-tests, or by analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple ... the ratio of the band intensity of NF-κB p65 or RARα to that of β-catenin that served as a loading control Suspended chondrocytes were transfected with equal amounts of DNA (0.052 μg of each vector ... directly regulated by binding of membrane-permeable agonists An example of such an agonist is all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), a metabolite of vitamin A, that is bound preferentially by the α, β and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:22

... Journal of Biomedical Science 2011, 18:15 http://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/18/1/15 Page of 13 Figure Two models of transgenic mice 1A and 1B: Scheme of DNA constructs for the generation of two ... that mild-overexpression of SRF resulted in the onset of cardiac hypertrophy at months of age [12] To define whether altered expression of microRNA might be the result of SRF overexpression, or ... Journal of Biomedical Science 2011, 18:15 http://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/18/1/15 Page of 13 Figure The impact of SRF overexpression on the expression of cardiac miRNAs 3A Comparison of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... tissues of nude mice STC-1 was detected on the membrane of tumor cells (D) Immunohistochemical staining of PCNA in tumor tissues of nude mice PCNA was detected in the nucleus of tumor cells (E) ... analysis of the expression of STC-1 in BGC after stable transfection (B) Mean volumes of the tumor in each group were calculated Cultured BGC cells and BGC stable transfection cells (106 cells) ... cells (5 × 104 cells/ well) were determined by FACS, CFSE positive cells were gated and CFSE fluorescence intensity was showed in histograms (E) Cell apoptosis of all BGC and transfected BGC cells...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... site of inflammation by chemokines in the microenvironment, and a large number of DCs are often present at sites of inflammation After antigen uptake at the inflammatory site and maturation by ... media was determined by ELISA A) The amount of IL12p70 protein in each donor is indicated by a dot, and the average of all 15 donors indicated by a horizontal bar B) Amount of TNFa protein was ... highest in the media from untreated control cells, showing that in a MLR reaction by itself, a certain pool of the T -cells develop into Th2 -cells However, none of the cocktails induced IL-4, IL-5 or...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22