Tài liệu Oxford Collocations Dictionary for students of English_ Chương 2.11 pdf

Jj jab noun 1sudden hit/push • ADJ. left, right I hard, painful, sharp I elbow • VERB + JAB give sb I feel • PREP. - in/to Scottgave him a sharp left jab to the ribs. 2 injection • ADJ. flu, tetanus, typhoid, etc. • VERB + JAB have Did you have a flu jab this year? I give sb jack noun q Note at CARD jacket noun • ADJ. fitted, tailored I baggy, loose I heavy I light, lightweight I double-breasted, single-breasted I belt- ed, zip-up I padded, quilted I bolero I waterproof, waxed I bulletproof I camouflage, check/checked, striped I corduroy, cotton, denim, fleece, leather, linen, sheepskin, suede, tweed, wool I pyjama, suit, uniform I bomber, combat, dinner, flak, flying, life, shooting, ski, smoking, sports He wore a tweed sports jacket. • VERB + JACKET pull on, shrug (sth) into, shrug on, slip on, throw on She shrugged her shoulders into her jacket. I pull off, remove, shrug off/out of, slip off I but- ton (up), do up, zip up I unbutton, undo, unzip I hang up I drape, sling A light cotton jacket was draped over her shoulders. • JACKET + VERB hang His jacket hung over the back of his chair. • JACKET + NOUN pocket, sleeve He pulled his pass- portfrom. his inside jacket pocket. • PHRASES a jacket and tie Gentlemen are requested to wear ajacket and tiefor dinner. q Special page at CLOTHES jackpot noun • ADJ. £1 million, etc. • VERB + JACKPOT get, hit, scoop, win (figurative) The National Theatre hit the jackpot with its first musical, 'Guys and Dolls'. • JACKPOT + NOUN prize I winner • PREP. - in They scooped the jackpot in yesterday's lot- tery. -of a prize jackpot of £100 OOO-on He won thejackpot on thefootball pools. jail (also gaol) noun • ADJ. county, local I high-security, maximum secur- ity, top security I private I overcrowded • VERB + JAIL go to He's gone tojailfor fraud. I putsb in, send sb to, throw sb into I keep sb in I be freed from, belget out of, be released from With good behav- iour, she could be out of jail in two years. I escape from I threaten sb with He was threatened with jail if evidence of a hoax was discovered. I face I avoid, escape She avoid- edjail by pleading self-defence. • JAIL + NOUN sentence, term • PREP. at a/the - riots at Strangeways jail in (a/the)- How long has she been in jail? 0 There was afire in the jail last night. jam noun • ADJ. home-made I plum, strawberry, etc. • QUANT. dollop I jar, pot • VERB + JAM make I spread (sth with) She spread the toast thinly with raspberry jam. • JAM + NOUN jar I doughnut, sandwich, sponge, tart • PHRASES bread and jam q Special page at FOOD jam verb • ADV. completely • PHRASES be jammed full (of sth) The cupboards were jammedfull of old newspapers. bejammed solid The traf- fic was jammed solid in the city centre. be jammed tight with sth The room is jammed tight with furniture. be jammed (up) with The streets were completely jammed with traffic. January noun qNoteatMONTH Japanese noun • JAPANESE + NOUN script I character q Note at LANGUAGE jar noun • ADJ. screw-top/screw-topped I airtight, sealed, stoppered I sterilized I preserving, storage I earthen- ware, glass, stone/stoneware I coffee, cookie, jam, marmalade, pickle, sweet • VERB + JAR fill He was filling ajar with coins for his holiday. I seal I preserve sth in, store sth in • JAR + VERB be filled with sth, be full of sth, contain sth ajar full of pickled onions • PREP. in/intoa/the- I -of ajar of marmalade jargon noun • ADJ. current I incomprehensible, obscure I un- necessary I academic, computer, legal, scientific, technical • QUANT. piece • VERB + JARGON speak (in), use He always speaks in obscure legal jargon. I avoid • PREP. in - in computer jargon I - for 'All necessary means' is diplomatic jargonfor 'war'. jaw noun 1 bone that contains teeth • ADJ. bottom, lower I top, upper I firm, strong I clenched, set I slack I jutting, lantern (= in which the lower part sticks out), thrusting I pointed, square I broken, dislocated, fractured • VERB + JAW clench. set I finger, rub. stroke He fin- gered his jau: thoughtfully: I break, dislocate, fracture • JAW + VERB drop, sag My jaw dropped in astonish- ment when Isaw the size of the audience. I be set, clench, set, tighten Her jaw was set, ready for afight. I jut Hisjaw jutted stubbornly forward; he would not be denied. • JAW + NOUN bone, muscle I injury • PREP. in your- A muscle in his jaw pulsed angrily. on your - He had two days' growth of stubble on his jaw. to the- a punch to the jaw under your- She had a fold of flesh under her jaw. • PHRASES the line/set of your jaw The stern set of the officer's jau: made Tony realize he was in trouble. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. jazz 2jawsmouth • ADJ. gaping, open I massive, powerful A shark can crush a boat with its massiuejauis. I slavering Theslauer- ing jaws of theguard dog stopped anyone going near. • VERB + JAWS clamp, close, lock, sink The dog locked itsjaws on her leg and wouldn't letgo. <>Aspider sank its jaws into my ankle. I escape (from) The antelope could not escape the crocodile's gaping jaws. • PREP. between its -s The dog had his arm clamped be- tween itsjatos. jazz noun • ADJ. live I free/free-form, modern, trad/traditional • VERB + JAZZ play I improvise I listen to • JAZZ + NOUN music I clarinettist, guitarist, musi- cian, player, singer, etc. I clarinet, guitar, vocals, etc. I band, combo, group, quartet, trio I improvisation I chords, rhythms I club, venue I festival I scene the rising stars of the New Yorkjazz scene • PREP. in - harmonies and rhythms common injazz jealous adj. • VERBS be, feel, sound I become, get, grow I make sb Ignore her-she's only trying to make you jealous. • ADV. bitterly, furiously, insanely, madly, really, very I can remember feeling madly jealous when he was with other women. I a bit, a little, quite, rather I obsessively Peter was obsessively jealous and his behaviour was driv- ing his wife away. I sexually • PREP. about There's nothing for you to feel jealous about. of She was rather jealous of me. o He had started to getjealous of her success. jealousy noun • ADJ. bitter, extreme, intense, obsessive, pure, violent I irrational I professional, sexual • QUANT. fit He broke off the engagement in afit of jeal- ousy. I pang, rush, stab, twinge Ifelt apang ofjealousy. • VERB + JEALOUSY feel She'd never felt jealousy be- fore. I arouse, cause, create, provoke Her promotion aroused intensejealousy among her colleagues. • PREP. - of his obsessioejealousy of his ex-wife • PHRASES feelings of jealousy jeans noun • ADJ. stretch, tight I baggy, flared I denim I black, blue I bleached, faded, stonewashed I patched, ripped, scruffy, torn I cut-off I designer • QUANT. pair She pulled on apair offaded bluejeans. • VERB + JEANS pull on, pull up I pull off, strip off I zip up I unzip • JEANS + NOUN pocket cc> Special page at CLOTHES jelly noun • VERB + JELLY eat, have I make Shall I make a jelly for pudding? • JELLY + VERB set Put the jelly in the fridge to set. I wobble • PREP. in-fruit injelly cc> Special page at FOOD jeopardize verb • ADY. seriously This scandal could seriously jeopardize his chances of being re-elected. jerk noun • ADJ. sharp, sudden I painful • VERB + JERK give His thigh muscle gave a sudden jerk. 436 • PREP. with a-of She answered with ajerkofher head. jerk verb • ADV. suddenly I sharply, violently I convulsively, spasmodically I away, back, backwards, downwards, forward, round, up, upright, upwards She suddenly jerked her hand away. o His head jerked up. • PHRASES jerk awake The train stopped and she jerked awake. jerk sth open He jerked the door open. jerk to a halt/stop The bus jerked toa stop. jersey noun • ADJ. thick I polo-neck, V-neck, etc. I cashmere I football, rugby • VERB + JERSEY pull on I knit cc> Special page at CLOTHES jet noun 1 plane with a jet engine • ADJ. jumbo I supersonic I commercial, passenger I private I business, corporate, executive I holiday I cargo I air force, fighter, military I IOW-flying • VERB + JET fly, pilot • JET + VERB fly I take off I land I crash, explode • JET + NOUN aircraft, airliner, bomber, fighter, plane I engine I fuel I pilot • PREP by - Australia was a mere couple of hours away byjet. c She toasfloum by privatejet tothe capital Lusaka. in a/the - Hefleto to Majorca in his private jet. 2 stream of gas, water, etc. • ADJ. little I air, gas, water • PREP. -of Little jets of steam spurted from the engine. Jew noun • ADJ. devout, pious, practising, religious His family are all practising Jews. I secular I Hasidic, orthodox I Progressive, Reform I Ashkenazi, Sephardic • VERB + JEW be born He was born a Jew in first cen- tury Palestine. I become jewel noun • ADJ. precious, priceless I bright, brilliant, sparkling • VERB + JEWEL wear • JEWEL + VERB sparkle • JEWEL + NOUN thief I box, case jewellery noun • ADJ. expensive, valuable I cheap I beautiful, fine I costume (= which may be designed to look expensive but is made with cheap materials) I designer I antique I family, personal She inherited thefamily jewellery. I dia- mond, gold, etc. • QUANT. piece • VERB + JEWELLERY wear I make I design I steal • JEWELLERY + NOUN box, case I shop I design I designer cc> Special page at CLOTHES jigsaw noun • ADJ. giant, huge I 200-piece, etc. • QUANT. bit, piece One piece of the jigsaw is still missing. • VERB + JIGSAW do I used to enjoy doing jigsaws. I piece together (figurative) Thepolice managed topiece to- gether thejigsaw and reconstruct the victim's last hours. I finish • JIGSAW + NOUN puzzle I piece • PHRASES a piece in a jigsaw (figurative) This is an- Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. other piece in the jigsaw that will help us understand the biology of cancer. jinx noun • VERB + JINX shake off The team seems to have shaken off thejinx that's been dogging them.for months. • JINX + VERB hit sb, strike sb The injury jinx has struck Real Madrid. I dog sb, haunt sb • PREP. -on I'ni sure there'sajinxon this car. job noun 1employment • ADJ. high-powered, top It's one of the topjobs in man- agement. I decent, good, worthwhile I interesting I plum The plum jobs all went tofriends of theprime minis- ter. I cushy Hisfather found him a cushy job in the office, with almost nothing to do and a whacking great salary. I dream, ideal What would be your dream job? I boring, dead-end, menial, routine, undemanding He was forced to take a series of menial jobs. I challenging, demanding, difficult, taxing I highly-paid, well-paid I badly-paid, low-paid I full-time, part-time I 9-to-5 I regular, steady He was tempted to give up freelancing and get a regular job. I permanent, temporary I holiday, summer, vac/ vacation I evening, Saturday, weekend I paid, unpaid I manual, non-manual I semi-skilled, skilled, unskilled I blue-collar, white-collar I desk a desk job in the police housing department I proper He'd done lots of part-time work, but this was his first proper job. I manufacturing, teaching • VERB + JOB have She's got a verygoodjob with a local firm of solicitors. I look for I apply for, go for I find,get, land, take She got a temporary job stacking shelves. 0 He's just landed himself a highly-paid job in the City. I lose He'sfrightened of losing hisjob. I give up, pack in, resign from I hold down, keep He's always had difficulty hold- ing down ajob. I advertise I saw thejob advertised on the Internet. I interview (sb) for We're interviewing for the job in the Sales Department. I give sb, offer sb I create, provide (sb with) It is hoped that the scheme will create new jobs in the region. I axe, cut, shed Management are hoping to shed 200jobs. I protect, safeguard The deal be- tween the union and management should safeguard 6 000 jobs. I do I'm only doing my job (= doing what I am paid to do). I know He certainly knows his job (= is very good athisjob) • JOB + VERB pay The job doesn't pay very well. I go 250jobs are togo at the local steelplant. • JOB + NOUN search Thefirst step in ajob search is to prepare an up-to-date CV I ad, advertisement I vacancy I application I interview I title His job title is Chief Hy- giene Operative. I description, specifications Cleaning the office is not in my job description. I market There is an enormous job market for teachers at the moment. I cuts, losses I creation I opportunities, prospects I satis- faction How would you rate your job satisfaction? I se- curity Workers questioned rated job security as being more important than high salary. I hunter, seeker Local com- panies are holding an open day for job seekers. I sharing The introduction ofjob sharing could prevent the needfor redundancies. • PREP. in a/the - There's not much chance of promotion in a job like that. on the - You will receive training on the job. out of a- Shefound herself out of ajob when her boss died. I - as She's got a job as a waitress. - at She got a teaching job at the university. - for jobs for women - in a job intooti retailing 0 ajob in a largefirtti -with He moved to a better-paidjob with another employer. • PHRASES a loss of jobs The closure of the cement jac- tory will mean the loss of over 800jobs. the right person for the job Despite the small number of applicants, they managed tofind the right person for thejob. 437 jog 2task • ADJ. admirable, amazing, excellent, fine, first-rate, good, grand, magnificent, marvellous, professional, terrific, thorough, wonderful I difficult, hard, tough They gave me the tough job of telling applicants that they'd been rejected. I easy I important I big, long I lit- tle, small I fiddly, tedious fiddly little jobs like wiring plugs I dirty I unenviable Cooperhad the unenviablejob of announcing the redundancies. • VERB + JOB do, make You've done a grand job with that decorating. 0 Try wedging it open-that should do the job (= beeffective/ successful). 0 She made a very good job of covering up the damage. I have (on) You'll have a hard job convincing them that you're right. 0 The builder has a couple ofjobs onat the moment. I givesb I take on She's taken on the job of organizing the Christmas party. I get on with I want toget on with thejob of painting my room today. • PREP. - in The author has done an admirable job in compiling all this material. -of He made a very profession- al job of replacing the windows. - on You've done a good job on the car. • PHRASES get a job done We're hoping to get the job done this weekend. odd jobs (= small, practical jobs) I spend most Saturdays doing oddjobs around the house. 3 crime • ADJ. bank I inside (= done by sb in the organization where the crime happens) • VERB + JOB do He got six months for that last job he did. I bungle The gang bungled thejob and got caught. be, work as- She's a well-known writer. Herfather, a trained chef,now works as a bus driver. study to be, train as, train to be- She trained as apainter and sculptor. start (work) as- He started work as a trainee chef become, qualify as- She qualified as a vet last year. employ (sb as), have The company employs more than 1500engineers. engage (sb as), get, hire (sb as), recruit, take on- They have recruited a new designer. appoint, appoint sb (as), make sb-are usually used with academic, official or highly responsible jobs: He was appointed Professor of Law at Yale. At 39 she was made chairman of the board. dismiss, fire, sack- The club have sacked their coach. c:> Seealso the note at PROFESSIONAL jockey noun • ADJ. champion, top I winning I apprentice I ama- teur I jump (= who rides in races that involve jumping) I stable (= who rides the horses of a particular trainer or training stable) • JOCKEY + VERB ride (sth) Which jockey will beriding tomorrow? I win (sth) The race was won by top jockey Eddie Andrews. jog noun • ADJ. brisk I slow • VERB + JOG go for He goesfor a brisk jog before work each morning. • PREP. at a - I began at a slow jog and gradually in- creased my pace. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. jog jog verb • ADV. slowly, steadily • PREP. along, down, up They jogged steadily up the hill. • PHRASES go jogging She decided to go jogging each morning. jog on the spot She was jogging on the spot to keep warm. join verb 1 become a member of sth • VERB + JOIN want to, wish to I flock to By this time people were flocking to join the cult. , decide to \ per- suade sb to I be allowed to I refuse to • PHRASES an invitation to join sth 2 do sth with sb else • VERB + JOIN wish to I invite sb to They've invited us tojoin them on their yacht. I be allowed to She was now old enough to be allowed tojoin the adults. I be expected to Thousands of people are expected tojoin the sponsored walk. I decide to I refuse to • PREP. for Willyoujoin me shortlyfor a drink in the bar? in I'm sure you will all wish to join me in thanking our speaker tonight. with Please will you all join with me in singing the national anthem. • PHRASES come and join sb He waved a fork in greet- ing. 'Come and join us!' an invitation to join sb/sth PHRASAL VERB join in • ADV. enthusiastically They all joined enthusiastically in the dancing. • VERB + JOIN IN wantto I refuse to • PREP. with Eueryone joined in with the singing. 0 Iwish he would join in with the other children. joint noun 1 in the body • ADJ. elbow, hip, knee, etc. I inflamed, painful, rheumatic, stiff, swollen I artificial • VERB + JOINT replaceHe'sgoingtohavehishipjoint replaced. • JOINT + VERB ache I move The joint should be able to mooefreely: • PREP. in a/the - You've got fluid in the joint. I - be- tween the joint between the lower and upper parts of the arm • PHRASES put sth out of joint She fell and put her knee out ofjoint. 2 connecting point • ADJ. airtight, watertight I leaking • VERB + JOINT make, seal • PREP. - between ajoint between two lengths of copper 3 piece of meat • ADJ. bacon • VERB + JOINT cook, roast I carve • PREP. -ofajointofbeef/lamb/pork joke noun • ADJ. funny, good I old That's an oldjoke-Fve heard itZots of times. I cruel, sick I huge I dirty • VERB + JOKE crack, make, tell He's marvellous at tell- ing jokes. I play He's always playing jokes on people. I have, share She likes to have ajoke with her employees. I hear I get, laugh at We all fell about laughing, but he didn't get the joke. I take The trouble is she can't take a joke. I treat sth as He treated his exams as a huge joke. • JOKE + VERB fall flat The audience weren't very re- sponsive and thejokes fell a bitflat. I be on sb I thought I'd play a trick on them, but in the end thejoke was on me. • PREP. as a - It was only said as a joke. I - about Have you heard thejoke about the elephant and the mouse? 438 • PHRASES make a joke of sth Wetried to make ajoke of our situation, but it wasn't really funny. joke verb • ADV. half She was only half joking about being prime minister one day. • PREP. about Wejoked about the amount of luggage we had to carry. with joking with herfriends • PHRASES be only joking Don't worry, rm only joking! joking apart/aside (= used to show you are now being ser- ious after you have said sth funny), laugh and joke They laughed and joked as they walked along. you must be jok- ing No way am I doing that. Youmust bejoking! joker noun q Note at CARD jolt noun • ADJ. nasty, severe, sharp, sickening, sudden, un- pleasant I little, slight • VERB + JOLT feel I give My mother's death gave mea severe jolt. I send I receive She received such a jolt that she nearly dropped her cup. • PHRASES with a - The train started with a jolt. I - of The blow sent ajolt of pain through his body. -jo His dis- missal was a severejolt to his pride. journal noun 1 serious magazine • ADJ. academic, learned, scholarly I professional, technical, trade I house/in-house the house journal of the South Western Gas Board I non-specialist, specialist I research, reviewing I business, literary, medical, sci- ence/scientific I august, highly-ranked/high-ranking, leading, major, prestigious 'Nature' was the highest- ranked journal in the survey. I official It's the official journal of the Medical Foundation. I international, na- tional I monthly, quarterly, weekly • QUANT. copy Please send me two copies of your new journal. I edition, issue, volume • VERB + JOURNAL read I edit, write for an academic who writes for specialist journals I produce, publish I buy, get, subscribe to She subscribes to quite a few academic journals. • JOURNAL + VERB come out The journal comes out five times a year. • JOURNAL + NOUN article I editor • PREP. in a/the - an article in a medical journal I - of the British Journal of Geology 2 diary • ADJ. private I daily • VERB + JOURNAL keep, write Lady Franklin kept a daily journal of the voyage. I read • JOURNAL + NOUN entry Her journal entry for that day describes a thunder storm. • PREP. in a/the - The events are all recorded in her jour- nal. I -of He wrote a iournatof his travels. journalism noun • ADJ. good I professional I investigative I popular, tabloid I chequebook (disapproving) I magazine, news- paper, print I broadcast, radio, television I fashion, lit- erary, medical, music, science, sports • QUANT. piece afine piece of investigative journalism • PHRASES a career in journalism I'd like a career in journalism. the world of journalism q Note atsUBJECT (for verbs and nouns) journalist noun • ADJ. brilliant, good I experienced I leading, well- Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. known I professional I freelance I investigative I for- eign I magazine, newspaper, print, tabloid I broad- cast, radio, television I business, environmental, fash- ion, financial, literary, political, sports • VERB + JOURNALIST speak to, talk to, tell She was warned against speaking tojournalists about the affair. • JOURNALIST + VERB investigate sth I write (sth) a journalist writing for a current affairs publication I re- port (on) sth • PREP. - on/with an investigative journalist with a French newspaper q Note at JOB journey noun • ADJ. long, marathon I brief, short I outward I homeward, return I onward The bus driver told us where to change buses for our onward journey. I bus, car, rail, railway, train, etc. I five-mile, four-hour, etc. I comfort- able, easy, good, pleasant, safe I hope you had a good journey. o Have a safe journey. I arduous, awkward, bad, difficult, gruelling, hard, tedious, terrible, tiring, tortu- ous I dangerous, hazardous, perilous I overland I cross-country I daily I overnight I epic an epic jour- ney across Africa onfoot I wasted The library was closed when I got there, so it was a wasted journey. I emotional, sentimental, spiritual He made the emotional journey back to the house he grew up in. • VERB + JOURNEY go on, have, make He wasn't there and wehad a wasted journey. I break Webroke our return journey in San Francisco. I begin,setouton I continue, resume They continued their journey onfoot. I complete • JOURNEY + VERB take (sb) The journey takes about five hours. 0 His journey took him across central Asia. I begin I end • JOURNEY + NOUN time • PREP. on - They were on a journey to the Far East. I - by a journey by air/buslland/rail/sea, etc. - across, -between, -down thejourney down theRhine-from, -of a journey of 300miles 0 ajourney offiue days -through, -fo The busjourney from London toAthens took 60hours. -up • PHRASES be tired after/from a journey, a leg/stage of a journey Dawn was breaking as we set out on the last leg of ourjourney. joy noun • ADJ. delirious, ecstatic, fierce, great, heady, over- whelming, pure, real, sheer, true, wild, wonderful I sim- ple I sudden I inner I physical the physical joys affine wines and gourmet foods • VERB + JOY bring sb Her books have brought great joy to millions of people. I experience, feel the pure joy I felt at being free again I be filled with, be full of I ex- press I find, get, take Ifind joy in many kinds of music. 0 She got nojoy out of working. 0 I took afierce joy in telling them the truth. • JOY + VERB goAll thejoy had gone out of his life. • PREP. to your- Shejound to herjoy that the house had a large garden. with - I could have shouted with joy. I - at Protesters expressedjoy at the government's decision. • PHRASES dance, jump, sing, weep, etc. for joy I liter- ally jumpedfor joy when I heard the news. ajoy to behold, see, watch, etc. The children's expressions were a joy to behold. your pride and joy (= a person or thing that makes you feel great pride or satisfaction) The pride and joy of the town is the splendid castle. tears of joy Judaism noun • ADJ. Hasidic, orthodox I Progressive, Reform I Ashkenazi, Sephardic q Note at RELIGION (for verbs and phrases) 439 judgement judge noun 1 applies the law • ADJ. experienced I learned I senior I presiding, trial I deputy I appeal (court), appellate, circuit, county court, district, federal, High Court, Supreme Court • VERB + JUDGE be, sit asBy next year you could besit- ting as a High Courtjudge. I appoint(sbas) • JUDGE + VERB preside, sit Whichjudge will besitting next week? I call sb The judge called the remaining wit- nessfor the Crown. I direct sb The judge must direct the jury on points of law. I consider sth I accept sth, admit sth The judge admitted the notes of the interview as evi- dence. I dismiss sth, refuse sth, reject sth The trial judge dismissed her compensation claim. I conclude sth, decide sth, find sth, hold sth, rule sth, uphold sth The judge held that the company had been negligent. I sum up The judge summed up and the jury retired to consider its verdict. I sentence sb I order sth The judge ordered the company topa» compensation to the claimant. I award (sb) sth, grant (sb) sth The judge awarded him damages of£20000. 2 decides who has won a competition • ADJ. competition I independent • QUANT. panel apanel of independent judges • VERB + JUDGE choose sb/sth, decide sth • PHRASES the judges' decision Thejudges' decision on the entries isfinal. 3 has the ability/knowledge to give an opinion • ADJ. astute, good, great, shrewd You are the best. judge of what your body needs. 0 a shrewd judge of charac- ter I poor I impartial • PREP. - of He is agoodjudge of'footballing talent. judge verb • ADV. correctly, rightly I wrongly I think I judged the distance wrongly. I fairly, properly I harshly I think you're judging her rather harshly. I objectively I beauti- fully, carefully, finely, nicely, perfectly, well Their per- formance of the concerto was beautifully judged andfinely controlled. 0 'There's something I haven't told you.' She judged her words carefully. 0 The bowler judged it well, timing the ball to perfection. I accordingly Those who preach intolerance should bejudged accordingly. • VERB + JUDGE be difficult to, be hard to, be impos- sible to I be able to, be in a position to I am in no pos- ition tojudge whether what she is doing is right or wrong. I learn to learning tojudge distances • PREP. according to He believed that schools should be judged according to strictly academic criteria. against judging his own performance against the performance of others by You will be judged by the work you have pro- duced over the year. from The age of the furniture can be judged from the type of wood used. on Your slogan will be judged on its originality and style. • PHRASES criteria for judging People use different cri- teriafor judging success at school. don't judge a book by its cover (figurative) (= don't judge sth by how it looks), judge by appearances, judging by/from sth He seems to have been a popular person, judging by the number of people at his funeral. to judge by/from sth Tojudge from what she said, she was very disappointed. judge for yourself Readers are left to judge for themselves whether McCrombie is hero or villain. judge sth on its merits Each painting must bejudged on its own merits. judgement noun 1decision/opinion • ADJ. accurate I balanced I impartial, independent, objective I personal, subjective I intuitive I qualita- tive I harsh I snap I hate having to make snap judge- ments. I definitive Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. judo • VERB + JUDGEMENT form, make It's difficult to form. a judgement when you don't have all the facts. I express Remember to be tactful when expressing a personal judge- ment. I confirm This latest case confirms my earlier judgement. I come to, reach It is too soon to reach any de- finitiue judgement. I deliver, give, pass, pronounce The school inspector's function is not merely to pronounce judgement, but also to suggest improvements. I reserve, suspend The court reserved judgement on the two ap- peals. I obtain, win They obtained ajudgement in their fa- vour. I reverse They are trying to get the judgement re- versed. I abide by • PREP. in sb's - What, in your judgement, would be the best way to deal with the problem? I - about She must make her own judgement about when to go. - against The sacked workers won a judgement against the company. - as to Experience helps us to form judgements as to the best course of action in given circumstances. - on I'm not equipped to passjudgement on such matters. 2 decision making • ADJ. fine, good, remarkable, shrewd, sound Landing a planerequiresfine judgemeru: I impartial, independent I impaired, weak I aesthetic, artistic, critical, ethical, moral, political, professional She has a reputation for sound professional judgement. • VERB + JUDGEMENT display, show I rely on I re- spect, trust He trusted his wife's judgement. I doubt I back The company backed her judgement and implement- ed all her recommendations. I exercise, use I colour, in- fluence He never allows any prejudices to colour his judge- ment. I sit in Hefelt he had no right to sit in judgement on someone he had only just met. • PREP. - about You will need to exercise your ouin judge- ment about what clothes to wear. - in The speaker showed goodjudgement in his choice of topic. • PHRASES an error of judgementAccepting thegift was an error of judgement on the part of the party chairman. a lack of jUdgement, a matter of judgement How much money you should invest is a matter ofjudgement. judo noun • VERB + JUDO do, practise • JUDO + NOUN hold, move, throw She managed to get the man in ajudo hold. I mat • PHRASES a black, etc. belt in judo He's a black belt in judo. 0 He's got a brown belt in judo. q Special page at SPORT jug noun • ADJ. measuring I china, earthenware, enamel, enamelled, glass, plastic I cream, milk, water, wine • VERB + JUG fill, pour sth into He filled a jug with juice. I pour, tip Shepoured ajug of water over his head. I empty, pour sth from/out of • PREP. -ofajugofmilk juice noun • ADJ. fruit, lemon, tomato, etc. I fresh, freshly- squeezed I concentrated I unsweetened • VERB + JUICE extract, squeeze I strain I sprinkle Sprinkle the avocado slices with lemon juice. • PREP. -from Thejuicefrom the meat is used to make the sauce. -of the grated rind and juice of two lemons q Special page at FOOD July noun q Note at MONTH jump noun 1 movement • ADJ. little I running, standing Cats can clear two 440 metres with a standing jump. I high, long, triple I bungee, parachute, ski • VERB + JUMP make She made a jump for the river bank. I take He took a runningjump and just managed to clear the stream. I do He's going to do a parachute jump for charity. I give Her heart gave a little jump at his smile. • PREP. in the - Allen won silver in the high jump. with a- I sat up with ajump(= suddenly.). I -into (figurative) The new law is ajump into the unknown. <onto 2 increase • ADJ. big, quantum, sharp I small • VERB + JUMP make Is he good enough to make the jump into Formula One? • PREP. - in The sportswear company reports a jump in sales since the Olympics. jump verb 1 move off the ground • ADV. suddenly I about, around, back, down, in, off, out, up, up and down He was jumping up and down with excitement. • VERB + JUMP try to He tried tojump back on board. • PREP. from He had to jump from a first floor window. into, off, on Stop jumping on the furniture! onto She jumped up onto the table. out of, over Can vou jump over thatfence?through 2 make a sudden movement because of surprise/fear • ADV. almost, nearly He almost jumped in surprise. • VERB + JUMP make sb He crept up behind me and made mejump. • PHRASES jump out of your skin (figurative) I nearly jumped out of my skin when he told me. jumper noun • ADJ. baggy, loose, sloppy I tight I heavy, thick I light, thin I cashmere, cotton, woollen, woolly, etc. I knitted I crew-neck, polo-neck, turtleneck I Fair Isle a Fair Islejumper in navy and red • VERB + JUMPER pull on I knit, make q Special page at CLOTHES junction noun • ADJ. busy I dangerous I motorway, road I railway • PREP. at a/the- Turn off the motorway at junction 6. I -with The college is on the Manchester road, by the junc- tion with theA5. June noun q Note at MONTH jungle noun • ADJ. dense, impenetrable, thick I tropical I con- crete, urban (figurative) This outback area is a far cry from the city's concretejungle. • JUNGLE + NOUN warfare • PREP. in - a temple deep in the Brazilian jungle through- They hacked their way through densejungle. junior adj. • VERBS be • ADV. very a very junior officer I comparatively, fairly, quite, relatively She's quite junior in the organization. • PREP. to John is still junior to me at work. junk noun • ADJ. old sculptures made front old junk and scrap metal • QUANT. bit, piece There were bits of junk lying around. • JUNK + VERB lie about/around Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. • JUNK + NOUN shop I room They cleared out the junk room to make a tiny bedroom. i heap I material He made the boat out ofjunk materials. junta noun • ADJ. ruling I civilian, military, revolutionary • VERB + JUNTA form I dissolve, overthrow • JUNTA + VERB appoint sb The cioilian junta appoin- ted aprime minister. • JUNTA + NOUN leader, member jurisdiction noun • ADJ. limited I exclusive The commissioners had exclu- sivejurisdiction to decide. I civil, criminal, ecclesiastical • VERB + JURISDICTION have, retain The court has no jurisdiction in this case. I exercise The court may exercise itsjurisdiction to compel the husband tomake a settlement upon his wife. I claim The offshore government claims jurisdiction over the mainland. I be subject to, come under He is subject to the jurisdiction of the English courts. • PREP. beyond your- She acted beyond thejurisdiction of any teacher. outside your- The matter is outside thejur- isdiction of UKadministrative agencies. under- The terri- tory is still under Russianjurisdiction. within your- The matter was not within the jurisdiction of the court. I - over The senate committees have exclusive jurisdiction over the FBI. juror noun • VERB + JUROR swear in Thejurors were sworn in. jury noun 1 in a court of law • ADJ. inquest, trial I unanimous (only after jury) The jury were unanimous in their verdict. I hung A retrial was necessary after the original trial ended with a hung jury. • VERB + JURY serve on, sit on I tell Tell thejury what happened, in your own words. I direct The judge directed the jury to return a verdict of not guilty. I swear in The netojury weresworn in. • JURY + VERB hear sth Thejury heard how the boy had obtained a carving knife from a friend's house. I retire I consider its verdict The jury has retired to consider its verdict. I be out The jury is still out (= still deciding). 0 (figurative) Thejury isstill out on this newpolicy. I agree (on) a verdict, arrive at/reach a verdict, give its verdict, return a verdict I convict sb, find sb guilty Thejury con- victedMenzies of assaulting Smith. I acquit sb, clear sb, find sb not guilty I award sb Thejury awarded her dam- ages of £30 000. • JURY + NOUN service It was the second time he had been called upfor jury service. I trial I foreman, member I system a review of thejury system • PREP. before a- The trial will take place before ajury. on a/the - There were only three women on the jury. I - of thejury of seven women andfive men • PHRASES trial by jury You have a right to trial byjury. 2 of a competition • VERB + JURY choose, select Thejury is selectedfrom the winners inprevious years. • JURY + VERB judge sth I consist of sb Thejury con- sisted of an architect, a photographer and an artist. I award (sb) sth, give sb sth The jury has awarded the prize for best exhibit in the show to Harry Pearson. • PREP. on a/the - He was on a jury judging a songumt- ing competition. 441 justify justice noun 1 fairness • ADJ. economic, natural, social I rough He saw it as rough justice when he got food poisoning from the stolen meat. I divine Some people saw the epidemic as divine justice. • VERB + JUSTICE ask for, want All I'm asking for is justice. I get I deny sb Wehave beendenied justicefor too long. • PHRASES a sense of justice The teacher's system of punishments appealed to the children's sense ofjustice. 21aw • ADJ. civil, criminal, juvenile • VERB + JUSTICE do Justice must be done in every case. I bring sb to I escape So far the robbers have escaped justice. • JUSTICE + NOUN department • PHRASES a miscarriage of justice He spent twenty years in prison as a result of a miscarriage ofjustice. per- vert the course of justice She was charged with pervert- ing the course of justice after admitting to burning vital evidence. justifiable adj. • VERBS be, seem I become I consider sth, think sth Weconsider this action justifiable. • ADV. entirely I commercially, economically I ethic- ally, morally • PREP. -on the grounds of/that The cutbacks arejustifi- able on the grounds of cost. - on grounds The rule is justifiable on safety grounds. justification noun • ADJ. considerable, every, some You have everyjustifi- cation for feeling angry. I the slightest She had not given him the slightest justification for thinking she was inter- ested in him. I ample, sufficient I ethical, moral I intel- lectual, rational, theoretical I legal, political • VERB + JUSTIFICATION give (sb), provide (sb with) She's unable toprovide any justification for her actions. I see • PREP. in - the argument which heput foruiard in justifi- cation with - Hefelt, with some justification, that he had been unfairly treated. without - She was arrested entirely without justification. I-for Ican seesomejustificationfor her remarks. justified adj. • VERBS be, feel, prove, seem • ADV. amply The suspicion proved amply justified. I completely, entirely, fully, perfectly, quite, totally I hardly I partially, partly I clearly I easily, readily a lo- gical and easily justified decision I economically, flnan- cially, legally, morally, rationally, scientifically, theor- etically Can her actions bemorally justified? • PREP. in Shefelt fully justified in askingfor a refund. justify verb • ADV. really, truly Can you really justify the destruction of such a fine old building? I hardly The meagre result hardly justified the risks they took toget it. • VERB + JUSTIFY can/could I attempt to, seek to, try to I need to I be difficult to, be hard to Hefound it very difficult tojustify his decision. • PREP. on the grounds of/that The decision isjustified on thegrounds that there is no realistic alternative. to How will you justify thispay cut toyour employees? Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. . of topic. • PHRASES an error of judgementAccepting thegift was an error of judgement on the part of the party chairman. a lack of jUdgement, a matter of. closure of the cement jac- tory will mean the loss of over 800jobs. the right person for the job Despite the small number of applicants, they managed tofind