Tài liệu Betty Azar - Basic English Grammar 2e-chapter8 pptx

W EXERCISE 1 : How are these words usually used, as NO~S or ADJECTIVES? Use each word in a sentence. 1. busy + I'm too busy to go to 2. computer , ADJ + Computers are machmes. 3. tall NOUN ADJ 4. apartment NOUN AD) 5. Tom NOUN AD) 6. intelligent om AD) 7. hand NOUN AD) 8. good NOUN AD) 9. monkey NOUN AD) 10. young NOUN ADJ 1 1. music NOUN ADJ 12. expensive NOUN AD) 13. grammar NOUN AD) 8-1 MODIFYING NOUNS WITH ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS ADJECTIVE + NOUN Adjectives can modify nouns, L- 1. <a). See Chart (a) I bought an axpensive book. 4-2 for a list of common adjectives. NOUN + NOUN Nouns can modify other nouns. In @): gmmmar (b) I bought a grmnmcrr book is a noun that is used as an adjective to modify another noun (book). I NOUN f NOUN (c) He works at a shoe store. (d) WCORRECT: He works at a shoes store. A noun that is used as an adjective is always in its singular form. In (c): the store sells shoes, but it is called a shoe (singular form) store. ~wcm + NOUN + NOUN Both an adjective and a noun can modify a noun; (e) I bought an axpdve grammar book. the adjective comes ht, the noun second. I ( f ) INCORRECT: I bought a gmmmar expensive book. I Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. EXERCISE 2: Find the ADJECTIVES and identify the nouns they modify. 4 1. I drank some ha tea. 2. My grandmother is a wise woman. 3. English is not my native language. 4. The busy waitress poured coffee into the empty cup. 5. A young man carried the heavy suitcase for Furniko. 6. I sat in an uncomfortable chair at the restaurant. 7. There is international news on the front page of the newspaper. 8. My uncle is a wonderful man. EXERCISE 3: Find the NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES and identify the nouns they modify. fl 1. We sat at the kitchen table. 2. I bought some new CDs at the music store. 3. We met Jack at the miin station. 4. Vegetable soup is nutritious. 5. The movie theater is next to the furniture store. 6. The waiter handed us a lunch menu. 7. The traffic light was red, so we stopped. 8. Ms. Bell gave me her business card. EXERCISE 4: Complete the sentences. Use the information in the fust part of the sentence. Use A NOUN THAT MODIFIES ANOTHER NOUN in the completion. 1. Vases that are used for flowers are called flower vases. 2. A cup that is used for coffee is called a coffee CUD. 3. A story that appears in a newspaper is called Rooms in hotels are called Soup that is made of beans is called 6. A worker in an office is called 7. A room that contains computers is called 8. Seats on airplanes are called 9. A bench that is found in a park is called 10. A tag that gives the price of something is called 326 m CHAPTER 8 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. EXERCISE 5: Which noun in the list can be used with all three of the nouns used as modifiers? For example, in the frst sentence below, the completion can be a university educatwn, a high school education, and a college education. oficial / education program store tickets number room university 1. Jane has a education. furniture i. we went to a {shoe ] clothing history 3. 1 too" "2ce] horse 4. we watched a (;a;t 1 government 5. I ed to a { c ) school vegetable 6 Mom made some (bean 1 chicken 7. He told me about a television zut er 1 8. We took alan airplane 9. I couldn't find my 3) telephone 10. What is your license plate Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 1 1. We bought some (2::::t] airplane hospital 2. We it Sue h her (hot ) dormitory EXERCISE 6: Each item lists two NOUNS and one ADJECTIVE. Put them in the correct order. 1. homework The teacher gave us a /o-m~nt. long assignment 2. program I watched a good telarision 3. road mountain dangerous We drove on a 4. automobile Janet was in a , bad acniient 5. arh'cle I read an magazine interesting 6. delicious Mrs. Green made some vegetable soup 7. card My sister gave me a funny bitthday 8. nam People don't like to sit in seats . . .<: Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. WORD ORDER ADJECTIVE: (b) INCORRECT: a red large car (c) a beautffulyoung woman (d) a beautfful red car (e) a beautfful Greek island ( f ) OPINION AD]ECTNES dangerous favorite imponant d#kult good inmstihg dirty hatW SmW expensive honest wondet$l In (a): two adjectives (large and red) modify a noun (carJ. Adjectives follow a particular orda. In (a), an adjective describing .she (large) comes before color (red) . The adjective beautiful expresses an opinion. Opinion adjectives usually come before all other adjectives. In (c): opinion precedes age. In (d): opinion precedes color. In (e): opinion precedes nationality. There are many opinion adjectives. The words in (f) are examples of common opinion adjectives. OPINION beautiful dsliclous kind USUAL WORD ORDER OP ADJECTIVES (4) (9 (6) COLOR NATION& MAIBRUL red Greek metal blue Chinese glass bhh Mexican plastic (g) some delicious Meuican food (h) a anallglrras vase ( i ) a kind old Chinese man A noun is usually modified by only one or two adjectives, although sometimes there are three. *NO=: Adjectives that describe nationality are capitalized: Korean, Venezuelan, Saudi Arabian, etc. (i wa: r a beautiful small old bmwn Greek metal win ,7,,1, EXERCISE 7: Put the italicized words in the correct order. It is very rare to fmd a long list of adjectives in front of a noun. 1. glass a tall gb~5 vase tall 2. delicious some food Thai ' 3. red smaN some tomatoes Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 4. old big bmwn 5. narrow dirt 6. young serious 7. long black beautiful some COWS a road d woman hair 8. Chinese a/an work of art famous Ii. old 9, leather bmwn thin A belt 10. wonderful a/an story old Native American EXERCISE 8: Complete the sentences with words from the list below. Asian d cotton polite brick important Canadian leather unhappy coffee 1. Jack is wearing a white cOtton shirt. 2. Hong Kong is an important city. 3. I'm wearing some comfortable old shoes. .I , 4. Tommy was alan little boy when he broke his favorite toy. 5. Ann has alan wool blanket on her bed. 6. Our dorm is a tall red building. 7. The computer is a/an modern invention. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 8. My nephew has good manners. He is always a/an young man, especially to his elders. 9. Jack always carries a large blue cup with him. 10. Ice hockey is a popular sport. EXERCISE 9: Add ADJECTIVES or NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES to the sentences below. 1. We had some hot food. 2. My dog, Rover, is alan old dog. 3. We bought a blue blanket. 4. Alice has gold earrings. 5. Tom has short hair. 6. Mr. Lee is alan young man. 7. Jack lives in a large brick house. 8. I bought a big suitcase. 9. Sally picked a/an red flower. 10. Ali wore an old shirt to the picnic. NOUNS. ADJECTIVES. AND PRONOUNS W 331 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. EXERCISE 10-ERROR ANALYSIS: Many, but not all, of the following sentences contain mistakes in the word order of modifiers. Find and correct the mistakes. Make changes in the use of a and an as necessary. on old wood 1. Ms. Lane has .Ilrnnrl desk in her office. 2. She put the flowers in a blue glass vase. (no change) L: ,, r *I. - .% 3. The Great Wall is a Chinese landmark famous. :. ,' "1 . I i 4. I read a newspaper article interesting this morning. 5. Spiro gave me a wonderful small black Greek box as a birthday present. 6. Alice reached down and put her hand in the mountain cold stream. 7. Pizza is my favorite food Italian. 8. There was a beautiful flower arrangement on the kitchen table. 9. Jack usually wears brown old comfortable shoes leather. 10. Gnats are black tiny insects. 1 1. I used a box brown cardboard to mail a gift to my sister. 12. Tony has a noisy electric fan in his bedroom window. 13. James is a middle-aged handsome man with brown short hair. 332 . CHAPTER 8 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. EXERCISE I 1 -ORAL: Practice modifying nouns. STUDENT A: Your book is open. Say the words in each item. Don't let your ' " intonation drop because Student B is going to finish the phrase. STUDENT B: Your book is closed. Complete Student A's phrase with a noun. Respond as quickly as you can with the fust noun that comes to mind. Example: adark . STUDENTA: a dark STUDENT B: night (room, building, day, cloud, etc.) Example: some ripe . . . STUDENT A: some ripe STUDENTB: SOUP STUDENT A: some ripe soup?? I don't think soup can be called ripe. STUDENT B: Okay. How about "some ripe fruit"? OR: "some ripe bananas"! STUDENT A: That's good. Some ripe fruit or some ripe bananas. 1. a kitchen. . . 11. a birthday . A. ,g ': % 2. a busy . 12. a computer . . . & I I . . 3. apublic. . . 13. a baby. . . $ . / .I . 1 4. a true. . . 14. asoft . ' I' I ,p: +, ;; , i. 5. some expensive . . . I : . , , 15. an easy . . . . . , 6. an interesting old . . . 16. a government. . . . -,. . <', i 1 7. an airplane . . . 17. some hot. . . - .%. . . , ~, .; ". :F, , i . . A. 8. a dangerous . . . , /,, 18. a flower. . . . . : <. ' I 9. a beautiful Korean . . . *. 19. a bright. . . if 1/11 ' 10. some delicious Mexican . . . 8, V - I Switch roles. %' 2 1. a telephone . . . 22. a fast. . . 23. some comfortable. . . 24. a foreign . . . 25'. a famous Italian . . . 26. a bus. . . 27. a history . . . 28. a rubber bicycle 29. a hospital 30. a movie 20. some small round. . . *, i' -7 3 1. some great old 32. a television 33. a very deep 34. an office . . . 3.5. a gray wool. . . 36. an afternoon . . . 37. an empty. . . 38. a wonderful South American. . . 39. a bedroom. . . 40. a science NOUNS. ADJECTIVES, AND PRONOUNS . 333 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. -, - " (b) Mike ate most of his food. (c) Susie ate some of her food. all of = 100% most of = a large part, but not all some of = a small or medium part (a) Rita ate all of the food on her olate. All of, most of, and some of express quantities. v[{,';$; i,:, I, \.;k.,!,4d I 5%. L (d) Matt ate almost all qf his food. (e) INCORRECT: Matt ate almost of his food. EXERCISE 12: Complete the sentences with (almost) all of, most oJ or some oJ; all of = 100% almost all of = 95%99% Almost is used with aN; all cannot be omitted. 1.2,4,6,8: Allof these numbers are even. 2. 1, 3, 5, 7: these numbers are odd. 3. 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9: these numbers are odd. 4. 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8: these numbers are odd. 5. 1, 3,4, 5,7,9: these numbers are odd. 334 W CHAPTER 8 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. [...]... sister's i 2 8-8 POSSESSIVE: IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUN: ( a ) The c h i l h ' s tcJ, ; on the floor : (b) The store sells men's doclong Irregular -. -. -ildren, mn, w m- , r r .-, ,- - - irregular plural possessive form The apostrophe (') cornea the fmal -8 ( c ) That store sells women's clothing REGULAR PLURAL POSSESSIVE N U : ON the students' books (d) I like to how about other @eopkSs lives I IRREGULAR... Complete the sentences brother 1 My husband's is my brother-in-law 2 My father's is my uncle 3 My mother's is my grandmother 4 My sister's are my nieces and nephews 5 My aunt's is my mother 6 My wife's is my mother-in-law 7 My brother's is my sister-in-law 8 My father's and are my grandparents 9 My niece is my brother's 10 My nephew is my sister's i 2 8-8 POSSESSIVE: IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUN: ( a ) The c h... in your country work outside the home? Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark : - ~ , - :: : .>: ' >., , :\ :>? \:: :::.::.: , > .;, , . NOUN AD) 13. grammar NOUN AD) 8-1 MODIFYING NOUNS WITH ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS ADJECTIVE + NOUN Adjectives can modify nouns, L- 1. <a) AND PRONOUNS . 333 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. -, - " (b) Mike ate most of his food. (c)