PAST TENSE : Thì quá khứ ( đơn, hoàn thành, tiếp diễn, hoàn thành tiếp diến)

13/9/2021 PAST SIMPLE QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN ***** AFFIRMATIVE I/ he/ she/ it was there (Was is the irregular past form of am and is.) We/ you/ they were there (Were the irregular past form of are.) I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it played (Played is the regular past form of play.) I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it swam (Swam is the irregular past form of swim.) NOTE: ♣For spelling rules, see Appendix 6, page 298 - 299, English Grammar in Use th Edition by Raymond Murphy th ♣For irregular verbs, see Appendix 1, page 293, English Grammar in Use Edition by Raymond Murphy II NEGATIVE I/ he/ she/ it was not there We/ you/ they were not there I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it did not play I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it did not swim III INTERROGATIVE Was I/ he/ she/ it there? Did I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it play? Did I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it swim? Were we/ you/ they there? IV USE Completed actions which happened at a particular time in the past (Hành động hoàn thành thời gian cụ thể khứ) ●She went to Dublin last year Completed past actions whose time is not mentioned and these actions are not connected to the present (Hành động hoàn thành mà thời gian khơng đề cập hành động khơng cịn liên quan đến tại) ●The Modern Talking sang “You can win if you want” (The band won’t sing the song again; it doesn’t exist any more.) Past habits or states (Thói quen trạng thái khứ) ●She always carried an umbrella ●He used to cycle to his office ●That ring belonged to my grandmother Two or more past actions in sequence, especially in narratives (Hai nhiều hành động liên tục, đặc biệt kiện chuyện) 13 ●He got in the car, started the engine and drove off V EXPRESSIONS USUALLY USED WITH THE PAST SIMPLE Yesterday, the day before yesterday, the year before last, last week/ month, etc ago, how long ago, the other day, then, just then, just now, in 1972, etc 14 PAST CONTINUOUS QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN ***** I AFFIRMATIVE I/ he/ she/ it was leaving We/ you/ they were leaving II NEGATIVE I/ he/ she/ it was not leaving We/ you/ they were not leaving III INTERROGATIVE Was I/ he/ she/ it leaving? Were we/ you/ they leaving? IV USE Actions in progress at a particular time in the past (Hành động trình thời điểm cụ thể khứ) ●His mother-in-law was traveling around the country this time last month Actions in progress around a particular time in the past (Hành động trình xảy xung quanh thời điểm cụ thể khứ) th ●At the turn of the 20 century, scientists were making many discoveries in physics and other sciences Temporary situations in the past (Tình tạm thời khứ) ●Greg was living in London at the time Two or more simultaneous past actions of certain duration (Hai hay nhiều hành động lúc khứ khoảng thời gian xác thực) ●Diana is -> was playing music while she was sewing Changing or developing situations in the past (Sự thay đổi phát triển tình khứ) ●I was getting frustrated with my internet provider so I decided to change ●The car was getting worse all the time One of the headlights was gradually falling off, and the engine was making more and more funny noises With frequency adverbs to describe repeated actions in the past expressing annoyance or criticism (Với trạng từ để miêu tả hành động lặp lại q khứ diễn tả trích khó chịu) ●When Nina was in her teens, she was always arguing with her elder sister The future from the past (Tương lai khứ) ●He was busy because he was leaving that night (The decision to leave had been made some time previously.) Background description to events in a story (Dẫn chuyện, kiện câu chuyện) ●They were walking in the garden The stars were twinkling … Past actions in progress interrupted by other past actions (The longer actions are in the Past Continuous; the shorter actions are in the Past Simple.) (Hành động trình bị gián đoạn hành động khác khứ - Hành động dài thể khứ tiếp diễn, ngắn khứ đơn) 15 ●When Sean was shaving, the mirror dropped Actions in progress over a period of time in the past (Hành động trình vượt qua thời gian khứ) ●Daniel was playing video games all morning yesterday With wonder, hope, think to give a polite or uncertain meaning (Với từ bơi vàng diễn tả lịch sử ý nghĩa không chắn) ●I was wondering when I could talk to you ●We were hoping you might have a free moment ●I was thinking of joining the army next year EXPRESSIONS USUALLY USED WITH THE PAST CONTINUOUS While, when, as, at that moment, the moment, just, still 16 P A S T P E R F E C T QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH ***** Has/have -> had AFFIRMATIVE I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it had started (Started is the regular past participle form of start.) I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it had hidden (Hidden is the regular past participle form of hide.) II NEGATIVE I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it had not started I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it had not hidden III INTERROGATIVE Had I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it started? Had I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it hidden? IV USE Past actions which happened before other past actions (Hành động khứ diễn trước hành động khứ khác) ●We had lived next to the gym for a couple of months before I decided to join Past actions which happened before a particular time in the past (Hành động khứ diễn trước thời điểm cụ thể khứ) ●He had completed his work before tea-time NOTE: When we use time expressions after, as soon as, before, by the time (that), when to say that one event happened after another, we use either the Past Simple or the Past Perfect for the event that happened first and the Past Simple for the event that happened second (Khi sử dụng từ thời gian bôi vàng+ đỏ để diễn tả hành động diễn ra, ta dùng khứ đơn khứ hoàn thành Sự kiện diễn trước dùng khứ hoàn thành, diễn thứ dùng khứ đơn) ●When Carol (had) brushed(1) her teeth, she went to bed(2) Completed past actions which had visible results in the past (Hành động hồn thành q khứ có kết hữu) ● He was delighted (results) because he had found (action) a new job EXPRESSIONS USUALLY USED WITH THE PAST PERFECT After, already, although, as soon as, before, by, ever, for, immediately, just, never, prior to, since, still, the moment, till, until, when, yet Believe, be sure, decide, forget, know, realize, remember, suspect, think, understand It was the first/ second/ third, etc time 17 P A S T P E R F E C T C O N T I N U O U S QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN ***** I.AFFIRMATIVE I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it had been sleeping II NEGATIVE I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it had not been sleeping III INTERROGATIVE Had I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it been sleeping? IV USE Actions continuing over a period of time up to a particular time in the past (Hành động diễn vượt qua thời gian đến thời điểm cụ thể khứ) ●When you saw us, we had been running for six miles - and we still had a mile to go Actions stopping just before a particular time in the past (Hành động dừng trước thời điểm cụ thể khứ) ●We had been driving for about an hour when the engine suddenly stopped Past actions of certain duration having visible results or effects in the past (Hành động xác thực khoảng thời gian có kết tác động rõ rệt khứ ) ●Her fingers hurt ( kết quả) because she had been playing(hành động) the guitar all day(khoảng thời gian) V EXPRESSIONS USUALLY USED WITH THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS How long, for, since, before, all evening/ month, etc ... động diễn ra, ta dùng khứ đơn khứ hoàn thành Sự kiện diễn trước dùng khứ hoàn thành, diễn thứ dùng khứ đơn) ●When Carol (had) brushed(1) her teeth, she went to bed(2) Completed past actions which... khác khứ - Hành động dài thể khứ tiếp diễn, ngắn khứ đơn) 15 ●When Sean was shaving, the mirror dropped Actions in progress over a period of time in the past (Hành động trình vượt qua thời gian khứ) ... visible results in the past (Hành động hoàn thành khứ có kết hữu) ● He was delighted (results) because he had found (action) a new job EXPRESSIONS USUALLY USED WITH THE PAST PERFECT After, already,