-:~r. -, ,_ : ~, "'_ - ,.- • BO KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE VA MOl TRUONG \ TRONG s6 NAy s6 CONTENTS 4/1995 Dtnll Hliu - 06i mdi cOng tac t6 chllc v~ quan IV hoat dOng khoa hoe v~ cOng ngh$ Ph,m GI Khl'm - 061 mdi t6 chllc, co chi' quan IV hoat dOng'khoa hoe - cOng ngh$ TiIIo Hliu Philnll- Chfnh sach t~i chfnh 11 ITnhv~c khoa hoc v~ cOng ngh& phvc vv s~ nghi&p cOng hi&p h6a'- hi&n dlili h6a dA't nudc co CHt • CHiNH SACH Vii Cu Phu - Giao dvc tll xa a Viet N~m 13 Nllhl'm Canll - Dl- chuyin nhin I~c khoa hoe 16 v~ cOng ngh$ mOt s6 t6 chllc nghi8n cllu khoa hQCv~ phat triin cOng ngh& ~~ - , .I "/ ',' :: :::: > ;:;:::: THONG TIN CONG NGH Dtnll GI N61 Ph,m H61 Bllnll ill XuIn Hoe Bill Khh Dltp - XAy d~ng h$ th6ng 19 ··))i::)}:: ph~n m&m chudng tr1nh t~ dOng tfnh toan thii't ,', :::jijili:;·~·~~;ili;I;li:I:liil: i ~~cC~gy~TCTDl1Lthl cOng bing phUdng philp No 4/1995 D.nll Huu - Renewing Organization and Management in the Scientific and technological Activities Ph.m GI KhJ.m - Renewing Organization ~nd Managing Mechanism In the Scientific and Technological Activities T.o Huu Phunll - Financial Policy in the Area 11 of Science Technology Serving to Industrialization and Modernization of Our Country MECHANISM· POLICY Vu C.o Ph.n - Tele- Education'in Vietnam 13 Nahl•m ConI - Migration of Scientific and 16 Technological Man-Power In Some Research Organizations for Sciences and Technological Development TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATIONS D.nll GI N.I Ph.m H.I B.nll Bul Xu.n Hoe Bul Khec DI.p - Setting Up Software System 19 of Auto-programme for Calculating, Designing the Pre-constrained Ferro-Concrete Bridges Executed by Extrusive Mould Method Nlluy.n Trunll V.- To Put Advanced Tech21 nlque into Production for Changing the Plant and Breeding Animal Structure on the High Mountainous Areas ENVIRONMENT Tr.n Due Th.nh· Initial Comment on the 23 Environmental Impacts of Some Coastal Constructions in Hai Phong City Nauy.n Th Tuonll Nauy.n Thl H.I Climate Impact into the State of Marine 25 Environment In Vietnam RESEARCH RESULTS Nlluy.n Nlloe KI.m - Bananas Market and 26 the Possibility of Bananas Production for Exporting in the Red River Plain Do.n Huy Khec - Quality Problem of 28 Medicaments in the Some Near Years Nlluy.n Xu.n Nauy.n Ph.m Honll H.I Bio-polymer Production Served to Drill for 30 Exploitation of Gas-Petroleum under the Vietnamese Conditions SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN LOCALITIES L Quna H.nh - Scientific - Technological 32 Solutions for the Orange Named BU With the Exploitation Potential of Sloping Land in Nghe An Province Nlluy.n Chu Hol - Some Opinions on the 34 Sound Use of Resources and Environmental Protection in the Coastal Areas of Hai Phong SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ABROAD Ho Ch.u Nlluyen Quoe Phonll - High 37 Quality Raw Material - A Bread-Winner of Modern Civilization in the 21st Century Nlluy.n Due To.n - Drainage in Agriculture 39 ",1' :::~~:::::::~~~~i.~:~o I·';'!i'j; ~ ~5~··&····:·&:·:·:·;i;ii:····ii'i·:::··;;;·:;:1'I: Nlluyin '.i.! Trunll V Oua tii'n bO ky tl:lu~t 21 o:~:: oAVza ·••,fI;O ~ft~ :\:::::;:::i·· MallO •• i{;if N.~tlnCblft::Q(iv I tac dOng cua mOt s6 cOng tr1nhdi'n mOl tru~ng cua sOng ven blin HAl PhOng ' Nlluyln Thl T1I6nll Nlluyln Thl H61 - Khf 25 h~u anh huang di'n hi&n tr/ilng mOi tru~ng vUng bign Viet Nam ".Jlf.~~Il'::i." ".b~"h6"~< KtT QUA NGHI~N CUU :;:':~~~~ii!!i~!.} 1-.•••.•.•••.• - •••••• ~fI ~~au~:~gN:aOne x~:c~m~h~~1 !~t~h'~u~ ~~g Ohng bAng sOng Hhng , Doln Huy Khilc - v'8 chA't IU"ng thu6c vai nAm g~n dAy Nlluyln Xuln NlluY'n Ph,m HlInll H6I • San xuA't Polyme sinh hoe phue vv khoan khal thilc d~u khf di&u ki&n Viet Nam 26 28 30 KHOA HQC • CONG NGHf DIA PHUONG H,nh • Nhllng giai phap khoa hoc- 32 cOng ngh& vA cAy earn bClnhim khai thac ti'8m nAng vClngdA't d6c tifnh Nghe An Nau In Chu HlIl - Vai y kii'n va viec su 34 dvng h"p IV t~i nguy8n v~ bao ve mOi tru~ng a vClngb~ biin HAl Phong U Qunll KHOA HQC • CONG NGHf NUcJCNGOAI HlI Chlu Nlluyln Qu6e Phona • Nguy&n 37 lieu cao cA'p - ChA't lieu trv cOt cua n'8n vAn minh hi&n dlill thi' ky XXI Nauyln Due To," - Ti&u nUdc 39 nOng nghi&p TRAO D61 Nlluyln Sf LOo - MOt s6 y kii'n hAn vi&c 41 cAi cach hanh chfnh quan Iy a nUdc v& khoa hQCva cOng ngh$ Vii DiIIo ~,~n, Nauyln Dmh Blnh- T1mhiiu 44 vA'n d'8 gldi tlnh giao dvc - dao tao, HOIDAP KHOA HQC DOl S6NG B~N ClN BitT TIN HO~T DONG KHOA HQC • CONG NGHf EXCHANGE Nauy.n Sy Loe - Some Opinions Concerning 41 the Administrative Reform in the State-Level Management of Science and Technology Vu 0.0 Hunll Nauy.n D.nh Blnh - Fact44 finding Investigation of Sex in the Training and Education QUERY.RESPONSE SCIENCE AND LIFE EVERYTHING NEEDS TO KNOW SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITY NEWS , , '" "', 1\ " NHAN XET BUOC DAU VE T AC DQNG CUA MOT CONG TRINH DEN MOl TRUONG "" 1\"." CUA SONG VEN BIEN HAl PHONG s6 PTS TRAN DUe TH~NH Truong phOng dia moi tmung biln Phdn viin hili iJU'U7/gh{)c t(Ii Hili Phong Trung 18m khoa h{)c tv nhiin vd cong nghi QuiT c ria H Ai Ph~mg18 met nhung dO thj Idn tap trunq : dllOe NhA nllde cho phep triijn khai ou an phat triijn kinh tg - xa hOi theo mO hlnh la mOt ph6md v~ kinh tg; HAi Phong la mOt ph6 cang, trung tam kinh tg, eOng nghi&~,thlldng m~i va ,du Ijeh djeh VI,I cua vung Duy~n Hai SAc BO, la cua chinh bign cua cac tfnh phla Bic, la dAu m6i giao thOng quan cua cac tfnh Mi@nBie va eA nllde, dhng thOi la met dO thi e6 vj trf qu6e rhOng y@u.Hon mOt th@ky qua, hang loat e6ng tnnh ven bign Hai P~ong IAn hJOtra dOi dg phuc -VI,I cho cac rnuc tillu phat trign kinh t@ va quac phonq Chung da mar.lg I~i nhUn9-.IOi[ch to Idn, dhng thoi da gay khOng It nhung tac dOng tillu e~e tue thoi ho~e lau dai d@nmOi trllong cda sOng ven billn Viee danh g1a tac dOng cua chung sa la nhung bai hoc b6 [ch eho hien tal va tlldng lai phat triijn cua ph6 bign Trong vong narn qua (1990 - 1994) Phan vi&n hAi dlldn!{ hoc t~i Hal Phong da chu trl mOt loat cac dl,/ an de tai d6 e6 Ji~n quan dE!"nvAn d@tac dOng eu~ mOt s6 eOng trlnh d@nmOi trllong cua sOng ven bi@n Hai Phong nhu: " - Nghilln cuu anh ht/dng eua dap olnh va dOi vdi luhng tau vao eang Hai PhOng,1991- 1992.D@tai thuOc DI,/ an UNDP VIE 88/04.• - MOi trllong dia chAt ven biijn Hai PhOng.Lap ban d8 ty Ie 1/50000.D~ tai cAp ph5 Hal Phong, 1990 - 1993 - Hien tr~ng bhi x6i dai bO bi@nHai Phong va bien phap khoa hoc ky thuat bao ve, khai thac vung dAt ven bii~n O@tai nhanh ella d'e tai cAp Nha nllde KT.03.14 (Vien khoa hoc thuy 10i ehu trl), 1991'- 1994 - oi~u tra khao sat mue dO bhi tl,l d@danh gia tfnh kha thi eua ,viee xay dl,/ng eang ea Ngoe Hai D~ tai cAp ph6' Hai PhOng,1991- 1992 - Anh hlldng eua dap NguyAn Tri Phlldng d6i vdi mOi trllong sOng Tam Bae, 1992.Trong luan chung kinh t@ky thuat xay dl,/n9 cAu L~e Long va pha dap NguyAn Tri Phlldng eua S~ giao thOng Hai Phong , - ojnh hlldn,9 phan vung quy ho~eh sll dl,lng tal nQuylln pMt t~i~n ki,:h tg billn Hai Phong Trong chlldng tnnh kinh U~ billn Hal Phong, 1991- 1993 , TlI nhung kgt qua clla cae d'e tai nllu tri!r1 tnnh bay nhung nhan xet blldc !fAu.v@ tac d~':lg cua cae ?Onl;! trlnh dgn mOi trllong ella sOng ven billn nhll sa bhl, x61 Id ngap Il,It, nhiAm bAn, nhiAm m~n Day la vAn d@quan trQng nhllng phuc t~p, nhi'eu ban luan, nhAt la v'e mue dO anh hllang ma viee nghi@ncuu, danh gia ~An dllOe tigp tve di vao chi tigt, djnh Illong Tuy nhi~n nhllng nMn xet n@ura a day la nhung kgt -tlua bllde dAu g6p TN' CHi HOAT DONG KHOA HOC s6 4/1995 phAn di d8n nhan thue dUng din va dAy du v~ mOt vAn d~ bue xuc ma mol nglloi dang quan tam D~P DINH VU HAi PhOngJa mOt nhung cAng Idn nhat nllde ta dllOe xay dl,/ng tll eu6i th@ky XIX va dllOe hoan co ban vao nAm 1904.Trllde day, luhng tau dA tllng dam bao eho tau van tin vao eang ma kh6i IllOngnao vet ehf tr~n trleu m /nAm D~e bi&t, vao thoi gian 19191929 luhng dllOe tr] a dO sau t~i thigu 5,5 - 6m Hien nay, IllOng nao vet tdi 3-5 trieu m /nAm, nhung ehf tr] dllOe luhng s8U 3,5 - 4m C6 nhi@unguylln nhan tI,/ nhi~n va nMn tae gay sa bhi luhng, nhllng anh hlldng cua dap olnh va xay dl,/ng narn 1979 la rO rang va e6 tfnh dOt bign r Trllde nAm 1899,lach CAm la tuy@n luhng ehmh,vao ·Cang NAm 1899 - 1902,k~nh Dlnh va duoc dao dl! tau qua lu8ng Nam Trieu sau hon vao cang Hal Phong Sau md k@nholnh va, theo tai lieu cua cac ehuy@ngia Lilln XO (trllde dax) (1960 - 1964),khoang 40% IllOng nllde ,va bhi tfCh bil!n theo lach Cua CAm, 60% qua kenh Dlnh va Sau Ciao kllnh, dean lu8ng Bach D~ng d phia dOng bie dao Dlnh va, giam dO s8U tll 15 -20 m (theo hai db cua Phap nam 1875) xu6ng ehf 10-15mvA trl 6n djnh dO s8U cho dgn narn 1979 vl vay, quy hoach jJMt trign thAnh.ph5 dgn narn 2000, lap vao narn ·1973 (vdi su giup cua cac ehuy~n gia Ba Lan), olnh va la mOt hy vong Idn xay eang nt/de sau eho Hal Phong Sau dip dap, toan bO nllde va b8i tleh sOngCAm dhn qua k@nholnh va dg sang cda Nam Trieu ~ap olnh va da ~am thay -d6i eAu true tI,/ nhi~n vung cua sOng (VCS ) ~~eh DAng,tha>: d6i hoa~ Il!u thUy v.An,kern th~o thay dOi can bing bOI tl,l - x61 Id, gay blgn d~ng dla hl'nh.SI,/bign d~ng dja hlnh tae dOng trd I~i eh@dO t~lIY vAn, hoan Illu bbi tfeh, thigt lap mOt tr~ng thai, can bAng dOng II,/emdi oap olnh va dii gay hi&u lIng c6 tac dOng gay sa bhi luhng vao cang: - Hi&u ung u6n khUc dong chAy xay chu ygu tren do~n luhng Cam phla thllOng Illu dap, hien tllOr.lgdhn u nlldc gay Hi~n WOng u6n khuc long t~o sl,/ lech ·trl,lC giua tuygn luOngtau "cung" va trl,lC long tl,/ nhi@ndi dOng '.l ' •• )0 > h d' - Hi&u lIng mo rOng trAc, ngang luong, k"m, t eo ! dOng trl,lc luhng ehay, I&eh vdi trl,le luqng tau "clIng" qhu ygu xay tr@ndoan luhng B~eh DAng va k@nhDlnh va Sau dip dap, lu6ng ma rOn9 tll 20 - 25 m/nAm xam thl,/e ngang DO sau day luOng giam dOt ngOt tll 10 - 15 m (da 6n djnh nhi@unAm) ehf - m Do vay, hi&n thl,/e xay eang nllde sau d olnh va hien that kh6 khAn - Hi~u ung tach dong e~lnh, t~o I~eh mdi xay tr~n do~n luOngNam Trieu d phla phao s6 14.Sau dAp 23 MOl TRUONG d~p, mOt sO tach mdi hlnh thanh, pha va cac doi cat dll s~ hai ph[a ria lullng chay ch[nh Lullng chay chlnh bi dAy I~ch v'll phla tAy, I~ch di!'n 20 - 30 dO so vdi true lullng tau - Hi~u ling keo dai thdi g)an dllng chay xay tren dean lullng Bach D~ng va phla d§u thllc;1ng luu kenh Dlnh Vii Hi,~n tlll;lng dllng chay keo dai - gid, tao di'llu ki~n lang bun cat va ngllng keo bun set Sa b/)i !ullng va? c~g Hai P~ong la mOt v§n d'll Idn x~§t hi~n tu IAu truce cJap d~p Dinh Vii, c6 nguyen nhan narn sv phat trien noi tai tI,I nhien cua VCS hlnh phAu Bach Dang Ngoai anh hlldng cua d~p Dlnh Vii, ciing nhi~u hoat dong nhan tac khac lam tang clldng sa b~i lullng (ch~t pha rllng d§u ngulln va rll(lg n9ap m~n, dap dam nu8i thUy san, khai hoang I§n bien, van d'll d8 bun nao vet lullng, su t~ng clldng blli t[ch x6i la cac dean bd Ian c~n rna dien hlnh la Cat Hat.), N: Ing vai tro tac dOng cua daP Dlnh Vii duoc xay dl,lng n-irn 1979 - 1981 la ro nh§t DaP Dlnh Vii gay mOt sO tac dong tieu cue khac vdi m8i trlldng tI,I nhien va sinh thal VCS, vi du, g6p phan hlnh dong blli tich I§p bgn ca Ngoc Hal, g6p phan d6ng kin VCS, can tra thoat nuoc, gay canh ngap tut keo dai noi Hai PhOng a a TUV~N O~ DUONG 14 TUy'gri de dai km tll cua Lach Tray dgn Miii Doc (Dll Son) ciing duoc khai c8ng nam 1979, hoan narn 1981 Khoang 1600 di~n tich dllng mU91 J d~m nude II;l cii va bai tri'llu tu nhien dlll;lc khoanh dap nham ph at triEin kinh tg n8ng nghi~p c§y trllng.Do b] chua, m~n, hi~u qua kinh tg cua (khu yl,lc th§p kern, Tuygn d,e rOng qua nhanh phia bien, kh8ng tuonq xllng voi t6c dO blli tu n8i cao va rnd rOng tl,l nhien, lam thu hep va tao sl,l ~§p khLic dot ngot cua tril.c di~n ngang bd VI vaY, tuyen de, d~c bi~t la dO(l,n.cam CaP giLia r§t xung ygu, thlldng xuyen bi s6n!il bien lam S(l,t la, gay de doa va de Hang nam m9t khoi Illl;lng Idn c8ng sllC va ti~n cua ph8.i b6 tu b8 de ke Sl,I hlnh tuy6n de dlldng 14 cung vdi anh hllang c,ua:.dap( Dln~ VQ da lam xu§t h~~n mot trlldpg cat rOIJ.9 lc3nc3phla bac tl1 nam 1984 va Ian xu6ng phla nam Den nam 1987, cat da blli I§p va v8 hi~u h6a c6ng C4 cua n8ng trlldng Trung Diing, gay nen canh ngaP ung thlldng xuyen v'll mua mila cho 500 d§t canh tac va dan cll khu n8ng trlldng Dgn nam 1990, trllClng cat di chuyEin qua lullng vao bgn ca Ngoc Hai gay sa blli lullng bgn Hang tram ngll thuv.'en Idn nh6 phai b6 b6n ca N.90c Hai, tran vao cac bai tam gAy nen tlnh tr(l,ng nhiem n~ng n~ cho khu du lich Dll Sc3n vao cac mua he 1991, 1992 NhLing ~au qua nang n~ tren dang dlll;lc tlm cach h~n chg, khac phl,lc ma a o.b SONG OA ot), SONG SANG Trlldc day Da Do la mot nhanh Idn cua s8ng Van Dc, chay qua Ki6n ThI,lY Phu sa chuyEin tai tll s8ng Da DO qua nhanh s8ng Sang rlli d6 clla Hong giap phia tay ban dao oll Sc3n Ngulln blli tiC,h blli t~ nu8i dllc3ng khu bCl Sang La - O(l,i Hl;lp nam che dO chA4 tM Sau nam 1954, s8n9, Da DO, s8ng Sang bi ch~n dap Day la mot tron9 nhllng nguyen nh8.n quan gay x6i la m(l,nh me bc3 Bang La nhLing nam 60-80 vdi t6c dO 5m/nam Trlldc day, ngoai de c6 ca nhLing clln dl,ln, th8n x6m, da bi pha huy hi!'t G§n dAy, hi~n tlll;lng x6i Id bc3 giam di va c6 d§u hi~u blli tl,l trc3 l(I,i bai cao, bai thap dlll;lc blli r§t rong nhd phu sa s8ng Van Dc chuyen len a ma OAO SONG a Mal S8ng Mdi ph[a bil.c huy~n Tien Lang, dai km, la mot s8ng nhan t~o dlll;lc dao vao nam 1934 nham nOi tuygn giao th8ng thuy tll phia cang Hai Phong vdi s8ng LuOc, rlli vao s8ng Hllng, nglll;lc len thU d8 Ha NOi Khi mdi dao, s8ng chi la mot kenh rong 30-40 m, sau - m Do thuan hlldng dong ~hay vdi s8ng Luoc (c6 Illu Illc,lng nlldc trung blnh 300 m Is), donQ s8ng Mdi trd nen rat m(l,nh, van tOc dong chay trung bmh 1,2 mls 24 (trong cac s8ng khac d Hai Phong chi 0.6 - 0.8 rn/s) Do vay long s8ng b] xarn thuc sau va ngang rnanh Dgn s8n,Q rOng 99-100 m, sau 4,5 - 5,5m, nhi~u ghO 6-8m S8ng Mc31dlln nuoc song Luoc sang s8ng Van Uc •Llll;lng chay cua n6 cang tang, 60% Illl;lng chay s8ng LuOc vao narn 196Q, 70% vao narn 1980 va hi~n tii!p tuc tang C8ng tnnh s81J.9Mdi da gay nhLing tac dong tieu cue lam thay d8i cau true pMn luu cua h~ thOng s8ng Thai Sinh va gay nhLing hau qua sau: - Nhanh ~8ng TMi Sinh d Ipu s8ng Mdi bi tan di, luu Illl;ln9 nuoc s8ng giam han VI vay, xam nhaP man theE> trieu vao sau tron~ nhanh Illu Thai Sinh, gay nhiern man cho nlldc tllc3i vao nOi dllng theo h~ thOng cOng phia tAy huy~n Tien Lang cho den tan cOng HO:Di'llu da gay nhLing thi~t h(l,i cho ",mua mang va vi~c cai tao h~ thong thuy n8ng c3 day rat kh6 khan -' Nhanh s8ng Thai blnh d thll