Tài liệu Cấu trúc anh văn cơ bản doc

1. The singer/the dancer/(the + career) + Proper name ⇒ The singer My Tam or My Tam singer 2. S + not only + V + + but also + V + S + either + V + or + S + V + +whether + S + V + + or 3. Generally/Individually/Particularly/Basically, S + V + O 4. Passive sentences: S (⇒ in living things ) + be + V 3/Ed + by ( S as a person can be used in passive voice. But when looking at the S as things, please use V in passive ) 5. S + V + + Without + Noun / Ving 6. (A/An) + Adv + Adj + Noun (Adverb of degree or Adv-ly) Adverbs of degree : extremely, very, rather, quite, fairly, pretty. Adj ⇒ Verb + ing or Verb + ed Action Verbs + Adv-ly : Speaker fluently, dance beatyfully, 7. Exactly +Wh/H – words + S + + is/was not known (unknown). Wh/H – words: When, what, /How 8. One of the + Singular Verb (V -S/es ) + S + is/was + One of the Short Adj. – est Most + long Adj. + N (s/es) First, second + Adj Short Adj. – est Most + long Adj. + N (s/es) First, second + Adj 9. FULL ADVERB CLAUSES : Adv. Clause, Main clause Cause: Because/Since + S + V + O, S + V + O. Opposition (Contradary cause): Although/Though/Even though + S + V + O, S + V + O. Contrast While + S + V + O, S + V + O. Condition if + S + V + O, S + V + O. Unless + S + V + O, S + V + O. Time: When/while/As/Since/Untill/Once/Before/After + S + V + O, S + V + O. Adverb Clause Marker with ever: Whenever/wherever/However/ + S + V + O, S + V + O. Compared: S + V + O. S + V + O or + S + V + O, but + S + V + O (without “but”: wrong) 10. REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSES V _ING When/Although/ + V 3 /ED + S + V + O ( Reduced Adv. Clause) ADJ EX: When astronauts are orbiting the earth, they do not feel the force of gravity. ÆWhen orbiting the earth, astronauts do not feel the force of gravity. Although it had been damaged, the machine was still operartional. Æ Although damaged, the machine was still operartional. Although he was nervous, he gave a wonderfull speech. Æ Although nervous, he gave a wonderfull speech. 1 11. o/ three/ + plural N ⇒ One + V + O, the other Tw / the others + V + O (≠ from one to another / from one another) 12. Quantity words + of + relative clause (both of, most of, many of, much of, some of ) EX : I read a number of articles. Most of them were very useful. I read a number of articles, most of which were very useful. 13. un phrase that explains or rephrases aother noun phrase. APPOSITIVES An appositive is a no S, Noun phrase, + V + O + EX : Na al Road, one of the first highwayThe tion s in North America, conected the East Coast to the Ohio Valley. (appositive following a nown – The National Road) EX : A famous frontiersman, Buffalo Bill operated his own Wild West Show. (appositive before + be + no longer + /S, Noun phrase, + V + no longer the subject - Buffalo Bill). S, Noun phrase, phrase=A/An/The + Adv + Adj. + Noun Noun airly, pretty. 14. nger/ Not untill/ Not once/ At no time/ By no means/ Nowhere/ Never/ Note: Adv of degree: extremely, very, rather, quite, f Adv of manner Adj. + ly Æ Adv-ly: beautifully INVERSIONS 14.1. Not only/ No lo Seldom= Rarely/Scarcely/ No sooner/Hardly + auxiliary verb + S + main Verb EX: Not once was he on time. 14.2. rase/Only once/Only recently + auxiliary verb + S + main V Only in (on, at, by, ) + noun ph EX: Only in an emergency should you use this exit. 14.3 fter/ + S+V+O + aux.V+ S +main V .Only if/Only because/Only untill/Only when/Only a EX: Only when she is satisfied is the sale considered final 14 + V .4. So + Adj. or Participle(V ING / V ED ) + auxiliary verb + S EX: So rare is this coin that it belong in a museum. So confusing was the map that we had to ask the police officer for dicrections. 14.5. Preposition + noun phrase + main verb + S EX: Off the coast of Califonia lies the Channel Islands. (The channel Islands lies off the coast ) • Hardly had + S + V 3/ed + O when S + V 2/ed + O • No sooner had + S + V 3/ed + O + than S + V 2/ed + O 15. CLAUSES/ SENTENSES = S + V + O I. A simple sentence consist of one clause EX: People need vitamins II. nsist of two independent clause joined by a conjunction such as E A compound sentence co (and, but, or, ) X: The man took a vitamin pill, and he drank a glass of orange juice. III. clause) and a subordinate (dependent) clause. Subordinate clause may be adverb clauses, noun clauses, or adjective clauses. A complex sentence consist of an independent clause (called the main 2 EX: 1/The man took a vitamin pill because he had a cold (adverb clause) 2/ I didn’t realize that she was here. ( Noun clause) 16. AD 16.1.N om S + V + + main Verb (Whom ÆObject) ) hich ÆObject of Preposition) 3/ The man who is sitting next to you now is my teacher. (Adj. clause) J. CLAUSE: oun (people) who + V + + main Verb (Who ÆSubject) 16.2.Noun (people) wh 16.3.Noun (people) whose + Noun S + V + (Whose ÆPossessive) 16.4.Noun (things) which + V + main Verb (Which ÆSubject) 16.5.Noun (things) which + S + V + main Verb (Which ÆObject 16.6.Noun (things) Preposition + which + S + V + main Verb (W EX: That is the top. I will write on it. ÆThat is a topic on which i will write (write on) -Noun (Place) + where + S + V + + main Verb (WhereÆ adv of place) EX: He is the site where the bank plans to build its new headquarters. -Noun (Time) + when + S + V + (WhenÆ adv of time) EX: This is the hour when the children ussually go to bed. * When “which/ that/ whom” are used as objects in relative clauses, they can correctly be omitted. hich omitted) 1 lauses that contain active verbs EX: The painting Ms. Wallace bought is very expensive. (W * Noun (people) who + V + to/in + main V ÆNoun to/in whom + V + main Verb * In which ≈ where (it depends on the verb & preposition). 7. REDUCED (SHORTENED) ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 17.1.Present participles (V -ing ) are used to reduce adjective c O, MAIN VERB + O (active meaning) * NOUN, WHICH/ + V + O, MAIN VERB + O ÆNOUN, V ING + EX: Minnesota, which joined the Union in 1858, became the thirty-second state. Æ Minnesota, joining the Union in 1858, became the thirty-second state. Or joining the Union in 1858, Minnesota became the thirty-second state. 17.2.Past participle (V 3/ed ) are used to reduce adjective clauses with passive verbs (passive meaning) EX : William an Mary College, Which was founded in 1693, is the second – oldest university in the Æ Mary College, founded United States. William an in 1693, is the second – oldest university in the United States. + + *NOUN, WHICH/ + BE + V 3/ED + O, MAIN VERB + O Æ NOUN , V 3/ED + O, MAIN VERB + O 17.3. Noun (people) who + V + + main V Æ NOUN + V ING + O + MAIN VERB + O Noun (people) who + be V 3/ed + + main V Æ NOUN+ V 3/ed + O + MAIN VERB + O 17.4.Noun (things) which + V + main V Æ NOUN + V ING O + MAIN VERB + O Noun (things) which + be V + main V Æ NOUN + V ING + O + MAIN VERB + O 17.5. S 1 + V + O, S 2 + V + O (S 1 =S 2 ) ⇒ V -ing /V 3/ed + , S 2 V + O ( S as thing ⇒ V 3/ed S as person ⇒ V -ing ) 3 1 X 8. CLAUSE WITH “IT” 18.1.IT + BE + ADJ + FOR SOMEONE + TO INFINITIVE E : It is important to be punctual for appointments. EONE + TIME PHRASE + TO INFINITIVE 18.2.IT TAKE/TOOK + SOM EX: It take him a long time to learn a language. 18.3. IT WAS IN + ADVERBIAL TIME + THAT + S + V + O (Noun clause) EX: It was in 1959 that Alaska became a state. 18.4. IT WAS PROPER NAME/ S. PRONOUN + RELATIVE CLAUSE EX: It was Jack who did most of the work It was she who came to class with this news ) + O or S + BE + SAID/BELIEVED TO V(BE) + O 19. N 2 18.5. IT BE THE FIRST/SECOND S + HAVE/HAS + V 3/ED + O. 18.6. IT BE SAID/BELIEVED TO V(BE EARLY/ALMOST + ADV-LY 0. NOUN CLAUSE: SUBJECT or OBJECT 20.1. SUBJECT: WH/H-WORDS + S + V + + SINGULAR VERB + O 20.2. OBJECT: S + V + WH/H-WORDS + S + V + (What, where, , How ) 20.3. WITH “THAT”: OBJECT S + + That + S + V + O (NOUN CLAUSE) (THE FACT/ THE REASON) + THAT + S + V + + MAIN VERB + (NOUN CLAUSE) ADJ and ADJ or NOUN V S/ES V 2/ED H V ING Will/ Can + V 1 V 22. 3/ED ONE + ADJ 2 2 UN S/ES = ONE OF (ONLY ONE) + NOUN S/ES 2 UTER (ADJ) : OUTER SPACE * 21. PARRALLEL STRUCTURES: ADV but ADV NOUN VERB as well as VERB ave/has/had+V 3/ED Be + V ing V S/ES V 2/ED V 3/ED + to + V 1 V 1 V 1 PASSIVE VOICE : S(things) + Be + V By + + O 23. CAUSTIVE VERBS: 23.1. S + MAKE(S) + IT + ADJ + FOR + SOMEONE + TO – INFINITVE + 23.2. S + MAKE(S) + ADJ + O.C (OBJECT COMPLIMENT) 23.3. S + MAKE(S) + SOME 23.4. S + MAKE(S) + SOMEONE + V 1 4. NOUN (things) of NOUN: the flow of liquids 5. OF THE MANY/NUMBER (TWO/ ) + NO 6. OUT (PREPOSITION) O Say, know, understand, think, believe, hear, feel, rumor 4 IN INNER 28. V , S + V + O TO + ANOTHER 30. 30.1. N 27. S + V + ADJ./ADV-LY + ENOUGH + (FOR S.O)+ TO – INF S + V + ENOUGH + NOUN + TO – INF (V 1 ) WHATEVER + TYPE/KIND/SORT + OF + N + 29. S + V + FROM + TIME/PLACE + TO + TIME/PLACE S + V + FROM ONE + SINGULAR NOUN + • PREVENT/PROTECT FROM • PREFER + N/V ING TO N/V ING NO/NOT O : OBJECT - S + HAVE/HAS/HAD + NO + SINGULAR UNCOUNT NOUN/ PLURAL NOUN ERE + BE + NO + SINGULAR UNCOUNT NOUN/ PLURAL NOUN- TH 30.2. NO : SUBJECT SINGULAR UNCOUNT NOUN + V S/ES + O NO + PLURAL NOUN + V PLURAL + O 30.3.NOT: S + AUXILIARY VERB + NOT + MAIN VERB + O. - S + HAVE/HAS/HAD + NOT + ANY + SINGULAR UNCOUNT NOUN/ PLURAL NOUN - THER UNT NOUN/ PLURAL NOUN E + BE + NOT + ANY + SINGULAR UNCO * NOT HAVING + NOUN ≠ HAVING + NO +NOUN 31. B T 32. MORED + THAT + CLAUSE TO BE 33. Y MEANS: BY BUS/ or ON FOOT. HAT IS + NOUN ≠ IS THAT (=MEAN THAT) + S + V + O. S + BE + SAID/THOUGHT/KNOWN/BELIEVED/RU FOR + NOUN + OF NOUN AND NOUN (COMPARED), S + V + O. 5. S + (CAREER). S + NOUN/NOUN PHRASE (CAREER): as morden citi 34. LIKE ≠ UNLIKE + NOUN/NOUN PHRASE, S + V + O. S + V + O + LIKE ≠ UNLIKE + NOUN/NOUN PHRASE. S + V + O + AS (JUST AS) A CLAUSE. * S + FEEL LIKE + V ING 3 APPOINT + SOMEONE + AS + NOUN/NOUN PHRASE THINK OF/ABOUT + ONESELF + AS + zens 36. S + V + O + IN THAT + S + V + O (IN THAT POINT) 37. 38. AS YOU/WE KNOWN + S + V + O HUNDREDS/THOUNDSANDS/MILLIONS/BILLIONS/ + OF + PLURAL NOUN NOUN + EX: English as we know it is not hard to study. 39. MAYBE = PERHAPS BECAUSE + A CLAUSE/ BECAUSE OF + NOUN PHRASE 40. A/AN + + ADJ. – ADJ. – ADJ + SINGULAR NOUN. EX: A four – month – old baby 5 41. ALLOW: 41.1. S + ALLOWS/ALLOWED + V ING + EX: The teacher allows speaking loudy in class. 41.2. S + BE (NOT) + ALLOWED + TO + V 1 EX: He is not allowed to smoke here IVES 42. INFINIT 42.1. S + V + to infinitive + O (infinitive as object of a verb) EX: She forgot to read the directions. She pretended to cry or She pretended not to know how to eat dog meat. t of a verb) 42.2.To infinitive + O + singular V (infinitive as subjec EX: To read the directions is important. 42.3. To/in order to + infinitive + O, S + V + O (Purpose) EX: To learn how to cook, she took lessions. 42.4. It + Be + Adj + (For someone) to infinitive (infinitive after to be + Adj.) EX: It is important to read the dicrections. 42.5. S + be + the first + person + to be + V 3/ed EX: John Glenn was the first American to obit the Earth. 42.6. S + be + the first + person + to be + V 3/ed EX: Roberta was the first person to be asked to speak at the meeting. 4 bout, with, without, ) + V ing O. (Gerund as subject of a verb) 3. GERUNDS PREPOSITION (in, on, at, a 43.1. V + NOUN PHRASE + V ING EX: S/ES (Simple present) + Playing chess is enjoyable. 43.2. S + V + (Preposition) +V ING + NOUN PHRASE. (Gerund as Object of a Verb) EX: He enjoy playing chess. 43.3. S + V + N + PREPOSITION + V ING +NOUN. (Gerund as Object of a Preposition) EX: He passes the time by playing chess. 43.4. S + V + PREPOSITION + MY /YOUR/OUR/THEIR/HIS/HER/ +V ING + EX: We objected to her cutting class last week. 43.5.S + V + PREPOSITION + PROPER NAME’S +V ING + EX: We objected to Alice’s cutting class last week. 43.6.V ING + NOUN PHRASE + V S/ES + O. 43.7. Not + V ING + NOUN PHRASE + V S/ES + O. Singular S (PLEASE GO TO ENCLOSED SHEETS OF GERUNDS) 6 Gerunds: V ING I. Defination: The gerund is a Verb + ing form used as a noun. It can function as a subject, subject of a complement, object, object of a preposition. EX: 1) Writting essays in English requires practice. (Subject) 2) My hobby is collecting stamp = Collecting stamp is my hobby. (subject of a complement) 3) I like skiing (Object) 4) She is afraid of walking alone at night (Object of a preposition) II. ) Formation: (Sự hình thành của Gerunds sition Prepo Gerun Noun and preposition d Adjectives and Preposition osition Verbs and Prep Idoms and Preposition Verbs 1. Gerund sau giới từ : Giới từ + V ING EX: Before going to school, he stoped by at his friend house. ết hợp với giới từ sau: By listening, he quickly picked up the language. 2. Gerunds sau các danh từ nhất định k for (xin lỗi)/ reason for(lý do)/ r. - Choice of (lựa chọn)/ Posibility of ( Khả năng)/ excute intention of (xu hướng)/method for (of) (phương thức) - EX: She há no excuse for behaving in that matte 3. Gerunds sau các tính từ nhất định + giới từ sau: Be + Adj + Prep + V (Gerund) ING - Accustomed to(quen với)/afraid of (sợ)/amazed at (ngạc nhiên)/interested in (quan tâ fond of (thích)/tire of(chán)/ tire from(mệt)/ good at (g m)/ iỏi về)/bad at(dở về)/successful ộn)/excited about(hồi hộp)/ against/be 4. Ge in(thành công)/capable of(có thể)/Busy with(bận r or get + used to/ - EX: The chidren are excited about going on holiday. rund sau các động từ nhất định + Giới từ sau: Approved of: Chấp thuận - think of = think about : Nghĩ về - n = count on = rely on: lệ thuộc vào ceed in: thành công o lắng về 5. - Give up: Từ bỏ - depend o - Be better off: tốt hơn - suc - Put off: Dập tắt, trì hoãn - insist on: nài nỉ, đòi - Worry about: L - keep on = go on = carry on: tiếp tục Gerund sau các thành ngữ cố định: - Look forward to: mong chờ, ngóng mong - take to: quan tâm - It’s no use: mất công, không có lợi - can’t help: Không tránh khỏi, không thể không - can’t stand = can’t bear: không chịu được thể chống lại - It’s worth: xứng đáng - It’s no worth: Không xứng đáng - can’t resist: Không - There is no + V ING - what a nuisance !: Phiền quá 7 - Be busy: bận - It’s much use: rất có lợi EX: We are looking forward to seeing you soon. 6. Gerund sau các động từ nhất định - Admit: thừa nhận - delay: hoãn lại - practise: thực tập tiếc - resent: bực tức preciate: hiểu rõ, nhận thức - finish: hoàn hành n c i h - on: tha lỗi - tolerate: khoan hồng, tha thứ - understand: hiểu lại 7. - Miss: bỏ lỡ - regret: lấy làm - Risk: Liều lĩnh - ap - Deny: phủ nhận - postpone: trì hoãn - quit=stop: ngưng - Avoid: tránh xa - enjoy = fancy: thích - consider: xem xét=involve: liê quan - Mind: phản đối, khó chịu - like/love - recall: nhớ lại, nhắ nhở - Resume: giành lạ - try: cố gắng - dislike: Không thíc - Detest=hate: ghét, ghê tởm - forgive: tha thứ - mention: đề cập Pard - Recomend: giới thiệu, dặn dò - prevent from: ngăn ngừa - Defer: chìu theo - Imagine: tưởng tượng - Discuss:thảo luận - recollect: thu gom EX: He practises speaking English everyday. Gerund or infinitive after certain verb (Gerund hoặc Infinitive sau các động từ nhất đ h) sau:ịn - Begin=star: bắt đầu - like/love: thích, yêu thương - continue: tiếp tục o sợ - intend: dự tính - Hate: ghét o e: rời đi study ần 7 đ ộng từ có - Can’t stand=bear: không thể chịu đựng - prefer: thích hơn - Dread: l - *Stop: ngừng -*remember: nhớ -*forget: quên - Allow: cho phép - Agree: đồng ý - advise: Khuyên bả - Dislike: không thích - Attemp: nổ lực=*try: cố gắng, thử - Leav - Mean: có nghĩa là - Permit: cho phép - plan: dự trù - Regret: tiếc - : học -Propose:đề nghị - neglect: sao lãng *: Tất cả các động từ ở ph ược dùng 2 cách (Gerund & Infinitive) mà ý nghĩa không thay đổi, ngoại trừ 4 đ dấu * EX 1 : He started studying after dinner = He ted to study star after dinner: sau bữa tối, anh bắ đầu học. ấy t EX 2 : She stopped studying English ≠She stopped to study English (Cô ấy không học tiếng anh nữa ≠ Cô ấy ngừng làm một điều gì đó để học tiếng anh) EX 3 : I remember locking the door before I left ≠ I remember to lock the door before I left a cửa trước khi đi để (tôi đã khóa cửa rồi bây giờ tôi nhớ rõ việc này ≠ Tôi nhớ về việc khó khóa) EX 4 : I tried helping her but she failed ≠ I tried to help her ( tôi đã thử giúp bà ấy ≠ tôi đã cố giúp bà ấy) 8 III. Function of Gerunds ( Chức năng của Gerunds) 1. Gerunds như là chủ từ V ING + V + O or V ING + O + V + O Gerunds as Subjects: EX: Worrying is not going to help OR Worrying about it is not going to help you G + O or V ING + O + V + O 2. Gerund as Subject of complement : S + V + V IN EX: My hobby is collecting stamps OR Collecting stamps is my hobby OR seeing is believing ) Lưu ý: Nếu chia ở thì hiện tại đơn thì động từ luôn chia ở hình thức số ít (be: is/was 3. Gerund as Object S + V + V ING EX: I like swimming 4. Gerund as Object of preposition: S + V + Prep + V ING + O. EX: She is fond of working with animals ssive adjective or noun:5. Gerund as a posse EX 1 : Possesive Adj : Your being right doesn’t mean my being wrong nd) (Adj + Geru EX 2 : Possesive noun: My father’ walking improves his health (Noun’s Gerund) 9 DIRECT SPEECH AND REPORTED = INDIRECTED SPEECH (Noun Clause in Conversation) I. STATEMENTS IN REPORTED SPEECH: Câu tường thuật ở dạng xác định: Nghiên c ứu kỹ các câu sau đây rồi đưa ra công thức và qui luật chung: EX: 1) Direct speech: She say to me : “I am ill today” Reported speech: She tell me (that) she is ill that day 1 2 3 4 5 6 2) Direct speech: She said to me : “I am ill today” Reported speech: She told me (that) she was ill that day 6 1 2 3 4 5 • Rules: cách đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật (câu gián tiếp) theo số thứ tự sau: . Đổ1 i say to thành tell h c said to oặ thành told 2 d dấ y (,). . Bỏ ấu hai chấm (:) hoặc u phẩ 3. Đổi dấu ngoặc kép thành chữ that (có thể bỏ được) 4. Đổi đại danh từ và tính từ sở hữu cách trong ngoặc kép thành: , us, our, ours: i chủ từ của động từ giới thiệu động từ giới thiệu  Ngôi thứ nhất: I, me, my, mine / We Cùng ngôi vớ  Ngôi thứ hai: you, your, yours Cùng ngôi với túc từ của  Ngôi thứ 3: She, he, they, it: Không đổi, giữ nguyên. EX: She said to me “ I hope you will ” She told me (that) She hoped I would 5. ổi thì c a động t trong ngoặc kép nếu độ ừ giớ ệu ở quá khứ (said/ ) như sau: Hiện tại Quá kh Đ ủ ừ ng t i thi ứ Simple present (walk) Simple past (walked) Present progressive (is walking) Past progressive (was walking) Present perfect/simple past ( ct (had wwalked) has walked/walked) Past perfe Past progressive (was walking) Past perfect progressive (had been walking) Simple future (will walk) Conditional present (would walk) Conditional present (would walk) Conditi alked) onal perfect (would have ww Past perfect/ Conditional perfect Không đổi 10 [...]... then 11 • Rules: Gồm 8 bước: 1 Đổi say to thành ask/wonder/want to know/inquire 2 Bỏ dấu phẩy (,) 3 Đổi dấu ngoặc kép thành If (liệu) /whether (có không) nếu ở dạng 1 (YES/NO question) Còn ở dạng 2 thì WH/H question giữ nguyên: what/who/where/when/why/how/ 4 Đổi các đại danh từ hoặc tính từ sở hữu cách giống như ở dạng câu xác định (Xem phần 4/I) 5 Chuyển chủ từ lên trước động từ thành câu xác định... 4 Nếu câu trong ở dạng mệnh lện xác định thì đổi thành to+V1 , bỏ please (nếu có) Nếu câu trong ngoặc kép ở dạng mệnh lệnh phủ định thì đổi thành Not to/never to +V1, bỏ please (nếu có) 5 Đổi các đại danh từ hoặc tính từ sở hữu cách (xem phần 4/I) 6 Đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian hoặc nơi chốn nếu có ( Xem phần 6/I) Lưu ý: Hai dạng câu mệnh lệnh thức khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp không hạ thì, luôn giữ nguyên... nên : some choice) Be supposed to Ex: You should study tonight 17 a/ S + must + V1 + O ( phải : no choice) Ex: You must study tonight b/ S + must + be + N ( chắc có lẽ : not sure) Ex: He must be a doctor c/ S + must have + V3/D + O ( chắc có lẽ đã :a logic conclusion in the past) Ex: It must have rained last night (It probably rained last night) 18 S + have to + V1 + O .( phải = must) Ex: He... promise = promise : hứa hẹn 4 Make trouble : gây phiền toái 5 Make difference : khác với 6 Make progress = progress : tiến bộ 7 Make money = earn momey : kiếm tiền 8 Make a speech : soạn bài đọc, diễn văn 9 Make a mistake : phạm lỗi 10 Make decision = reach decision : đưa đến quyết định ♣ make up one’s mind : quyết định DO: LÀM, THỰC HIỆN 1 Do one’s best = try one’s best : cố gắng hết sức 2 Do homework/housework... : làm bài tập về nhà/ công việc nhà 3 Do exercise : tập thể dục 4 Do + Someone a favour = help someone :giúp ai 5 Do a job/work : làm việc 6 Do shopping = go shopping : mua sắm 7 Do business : kinh doanh EXPRESSIONS 1 Write a good hand : Viết chữ đẹp 2 Take pot-luck : có gì ăn nấy 3 Take (a) pride in : tự hào về 4 Take cold : cảm lạnh 5 Show zeal for : tỏ ra sốt sắng với, tỏ ra nhiệt tình với 6 Say... năng từ chối I very much hope you learn all by your heart! 19 GIỚI TỪ WITH 1 Agree with : đồng ý với 2 Begin with : bắt đầu 3 Communicate with : liên lạc với 4 Compare to/with : so sánh với 5 : cạnh tranh, đua đòi với Compete with/against 6 Comfier with :làm lúng túng, bối rối, mơ hồ 7 Comply with : tuân theo, chiều theo 8 :làm tương phản với Contrast with/to 9 Cope with :đối phó, đương đầu 10 Correspon... for : trả lương, tiền 15 Prepare for : chuẩn bị 16 Provide for : cung cấp 17 Search for : lục lọi, tìm kiếm, thăm dò 18 Thank for : Cám ơn về 19 Vote for Sb./on Sth : Bỏ phiếu bầu ai, bỏ phiếu vì động cơ 20 Wait for Sb / Wait on Sth 22 : giải thích, cắt nghĩa : đợi ai/ đợi điều gì . dinner: sau bữa tối, anh bắ đầu học. ấy t EX 2 : She stopped studying English ≠She stopped to study English (Cô ấy không học tiếng anh nữa ≠ Cô ấy ngừng. sau: By listening, he quickly picked up the language. 2. Gerunds sau các danh từ nhất định k for (xin lỗi)/ reason for(lý do)/ r. - Choice of (lựa