A study of have a verb , give a verb and take a verb constructions = nghiên cứu về các cấu trúc have a verb , give a verb và take a verb

A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions Vinh university Department of foreign languages =======***======= nguyen Thi tai A study of “have a verb”, “give a verb” and “take a verb” constructions (Nghiªn cøu vỊ c¸c cÊu tróc "have a verb", “give a verb” vµ “take a verb”) Summary of graduation thesis Field: grammar Vinh 2008 Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 i Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions Acknowledgement In order to coplete my thesis, I have received a lot of useful advice, suggestions and encouragement from my teachers, relatives and friends Firstly, I would like to express my special thanks to all our teachers in our department for providing us with a gold chance to study, research, and create.Especially to my supervisor M.A Bui Thi Thanh Mai who helped me so much, provided me with many useful references and gave me the creative guidance at all stages during my writing the thesis Next, I am particularly grateful to the authors of many references which I used to consult I also express my gratitude to my close friends and classmates who gave me advice to complete this thesis Finally, I also would like to give my thankful words and gratitude to my relatives who encouraged and helped me so much during the time of writing this paper Vinh, May - 2008 Nguyen Thi Tai NguyÔn Thị Tài 44E2 ii Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions ABBREVIATIONS NP: Noun phrase i e: That is to say NPS : Plural of noun phrase Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 iii Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions Table of contents Acknowledgement Part I: introduction Page Reasons for choosing the topic Aims of the study Scope of the study Methods of the study Design of the study part II: INVESTIGATION Chapter 1: theoretical Background 1.1 Parts of speech 1.2 Verb and phrasal verb 1.2.1 Verb 1.2.1.1 What is a verb? 1.2.1.2 Transitive and intransitive verb 1.2.2 Phrasal verb 1.2.2.1 What is a phrasal verb ? 1.2.2.2 The use of phrasal verb in English 1.3 Senses of “ to have", “ to give" and "to take" 1.3.1 Senses of "to have" 1.3.2 Senses of "togive" 1.3.3 Senses of "to take" 1.4 "Have a", "give a" and "take a" constructions 1.4.1 "Have a" construction 1.4.2 "Give a" construction 1.4.3 "Take a" construction 10 Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 iv Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions Chapter 2: “HAVE A VERB”, “GIVE A VERB” and “TAKE A VERB” constructions 2.1 Criteria to distinguish "have a", "give a" and "take a" 11 constructions from other constructions involving "have", "give" and "take" 2.1.1 Form 11 2.1.2 Meaning 12 2.1.3 Adverb adjective correspondence 13 2.1.4 Preservation of peripheral constructions 14 2.2 Syntax features 15 2.2.1 "Have a", "give a" and "take a" constructions with 15 intransitive and transitive verbs 2.2.1.1 "Have a" construction with intransitive and transitive verbs 16 2.2.1.2 "Give a" construction with intransitive and transitive verbs 16 2.2.1.3 "Take a" construction with intransitive and transitive verbs 17 2.3 Semantic features 17 2.3.1 Semantic features of "have a" construction 17 2.3.2 Semantic features of "give a" construction 19 2.3.3 Semantic features of "take a" construction 2.4 Occurrence 21 2.4.1 Verbs bring meaning "MOTION" and "REST" 23 2.4.2 Verbs bring meaning "AFFECT" 25 2.4.3 Verbs bring meaning "GIVING" 25 2.4.4 Verb bring meaning "CORPOREAL" 26 Chapter 3: 27 Differences in terms of syntax and semantics of the THREE constructions Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 v Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions 3.1 Differences enabling to distinguish the three constructions 27 with other constructions involving the three verbs: "have", "give" and "take" 3.1.1 "Have a" construction with the ones involving "have" 27 3.1.2 "Give a" construction with the ones involving "give" 28 3.1.3 "Take a" construction with the ones involving "take" 28 3.2 Differences among the three constructions 29 3.2.1 "Have a" and "give a" 29 3.2.2 "Give a" and "take a" 30 3.2.3 "Have a" and "take a" 31 Part III conclusion Findings 33 Suggestions for further study 35 REferences 36 Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 vi Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions Part I: Introduction Reasons for choosing the topic English has become an international language.It is used in many fields of the society such as: airports, international business, international conferences, science, technology, medicine, international completion, etc There are many languages spoken in the world, each language has its own characteristic features.English is not easy to learn for many Vietnamese learners of English as a foreign language since English is an inflectional language, whereas Vietnamese is an isolating and analytic one That causes problems for Vietnamese students to use the language Some construction is difficult to classify and to use correctly, wich makes students confused For example, a student may create such sentences - I had a chance to see Mary (1) - John gave a speech to Mary (2) - She took a talk with her friend (3) These sentences seem correct, they have forms of HAVE A, GIVE A, and TAKE A constructions but they not satisfy the criterion to distinguish these constructions The sentence (1) has quite different meaning from the basic sentence “ I chanced to see Mary” The meaning of (2) is also different from that of the basic sentence “ John talked with Mary" The sentence (3) is not involved physical effort of the subject Thus, these sentences are not equivalents of HAVE A, GIVE A, TAKE A constructions Being a student of English and a teacher of English in the future, we are very concerned with this problem Thus we want to something to help learner know some criteria which distinguish HAVE A, Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions GIVE A and TAKE A constructions from other constructions involving "have", "give" and "take" In this thesis, we only focus on the study of HAVE A GIVE A and TAKE A constructions For all these reasons above, we have decided to choose this subject to study Aims of the study The above reasons show that HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A constructions need more detailed study This study is aimed at: - Giving the description and features of the three constructions - Studying which verbs can be used in the three constructions or not - Comparing the uses of the three constructions Scope of the study This thesis is about HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A constructions Firstly, we mention the criteria to distinguish the three constructions from other constructions involving three verbs "have", give" and "take" Secondly, we concentrate on giving the syntax and semantic features of the three constructions Finally, we bring out the differences enabling us to distinguish the three constructions with other ones involving the three verbs: "have", give" and "take" and differences among the three constructions Methods of the study In order to complete this writing, all the following methods are applied flexiblely: a The descriptive method - Describing the uses of these constructions b The analytic and synthetic method - Analyzing materials Ngun ThÞ Tµi 44E2 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions -Synthesizing materials to find out the helpul information for the subject c The comparative method - Comparing the three constructions to find out the differences and similarities Desig of the study: PART I: INTRODUCTION Reasons for choosing the topic Aims of the study Scope of the study Methods of the study Design of the study PART II: INVESTIGATION Chapter 1: Theoretical Background Chapter 2: HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB constructions Chapter 3: Differences in terms of syntax and semantics of the constructions Part III: Conclusion Findings Suggestions for further study REFERENCE Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions Part II: investigation Chapter 1: theoretical background 1.1 Parts of speech According to English - English - Vietnamese dictionary, parts of speech are each of the classes into which the words of a language are divided according to grammar such as: noun, adjective, verb, etc Randolph Quirk (2002) listed the pasts of speech into two groups: “ closed – system” and “ open – class” items "Closed - system" means that the sets of items are closed in the sense that they can not normally be extended by the creation of additional members : a moment's reflection is enough for us to realize how rarely in a language we invent or adopt a new or additional pronoun It requires no great effort to list all members in a "closed system" There are six members in "closed system" items such as: Article : The, a (n) Demonstrative : That, this Pronoun : He, they, anybody, one, which Preposition : Of, at, in, without, is spite of Conjunction : And, that, when, although Interjection : Oh, ah, ugh, phew Beside , "open - class" means that items belong to a class in that they have the same grammatical properties and structural possibilities as other members of the class But the class is "open" in the sense that it is indefinitely extendable There are four members in "open - class" items such as: Noun : John, room, answer, play Adjective : Happy, steady, new, large Adverb : Steadily Completely, very Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions It will be useful quickly to run through the semantic types, examinating those verbs which have a semantic characterization compatible with one or more of HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A constructions 2.4.1 Verbs bring meaning “ MOTION” and “ REST” Verbs bring meaning “ MOTION” and “ REST” RUN subtype Semantic Characterization Examples - Verbs in the RUN subtype describe a mode of motion (but no end – point) and may take HAVE A and TAKE A if it is plausible that the subject should want to indulge in that sort of activity - These verbs only occur in periphrastic constructions when they describe the activity done for its own sake - Some RUN verbs can be used as causatives These may occur with GIVE A, parallel to the corresponding intransitive with HAVE A - He had a jump down the path (  He Jumped down the Run, wall, path) crawl, slide, - He had a jump over the roll, climb, fence dive, stroll (  He jumped over the Jump, swim fence) - I had a bit of a walk after lunch (  I walked for a while after lunch) - I gave the dog a bit of a walk after lunch (  I walk the dog for a while after lunch) [3;354] - These verbs can occur in HAVE - I had a lie – down SIT subtype A but not TAKE A - I had a crouch - Some SIT Verbs seen uneasy with Sit (down), HAVE A this is simply because stand (up), lie people not often indulge - I had a bit of a sit(down), crouch down after lunch themselves in that activity (down), lean, [3;354] - SIT verbs may be used causatively float Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 24 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions - Verbs in these subtypes describe motion or rest with respect to a definite Locus - These verbs can not be used with Subtypes of HAVE A, TAKE A and GIVE arrive, take, stay, A because their meanings not put show that subject indulge in the activity Carry subtype Open subtype - This subtype refers to motion in juxtaposition with some moving object “ Carry” can occur in HAVE A when the subject just want to indulge in the activity for a little while and “ Carry” occur in GIVE A when the thing carried is affected - Let me have a carry of that new suitcase you designed - He gave the sick dog a carry [3;355] - Verbs from the OPEN subtype refer to an end-point and are not semantically compatible with HAVE A, TAKE A GIVE A 2.4.2 Verbs bring meaning “ AFFECT” Verbs bring meaning “ AFFECT” Subtypes of HIT, STAB RUB and TOUCH Semantic Characterization Examples - Some verbs may occur with HAVE A or GIVE A – There is a - I gave the door a kick tendency to use GIVE A with a - I had a kick at the door basic sentence in straight – forward transitive form, but HAVE A with basic sentence that has a preposition inserted before the object - Verb from the AFFECT type that Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 25 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions refer to an end – product are unlikely to be found with HAVE A or GIVE A - Mary took a punch at - TAKE A is found with only Tom handful of AFFECT Verbs [3;352] 2.4.3 Verbs bring meaning “ GIVING” Verbs bring meaning “ GIVING” Semantic Characterization Examples Lend - Some verbs from this type refer to temporary transfer of possession, while, these verbs may occur with HAVE A or GIVE A - “ Lend” as Recipient as object and here GIVE A is used - “ borrow” has Recipient as subject and this verb occurs with HAVE A - I will give you a lend of my boat for the weekend if you like - Can I have a borrow of your boat for the weekend, please? [3;358] - “ Rent” can be used in other syntactic frame “ Rent” can occur in both GIVE A and HAVE A constructions - Other GIVING verbs refer to some definite action which could not be done “ for a bit” ; i.e something is either given, sold, bought, bequeathed, presented, exchanged or not, with no half – measures possible These verbs are thus not found in HAVE A, GIVE A or TAKE A constructions - I will give you a rent of my boat - Can I have a rent of your boat? [3;357] Borrow Rent Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 26 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions 2.4.4 Verbs bring meaning “ CORPOREAL” Verbs bring meaning “ CORPO REAL” Drink, chew, suck, smoke bite, taste sniff, fart, pee, yawn, sneeze, sleep, hug, kiss, fuck smile, wink, kiss, hug, fuck, wake Semantic Characterization Examples - These verbs are possible to be - I had a yawn used in HAVE A construction whether describing something that is taken into or expelled from the body, or just referring to a bodily - Tom gave Mary a wink gesture or state - Tom gave Mary a smile [3; 350] - These verbs refer to something which affects another person may take the GIVE A construction type (I) Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 27 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions Chapter Differences in terms of syntax And semantics of the THREE constructions In the previous chapters, we have discussed about the criteria, syntax, semantic features of the HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A constructions And in this chapter, we will focus our study on the differences in terms of syntax and semantic of the three constructions 3.1 Differences enabling to distinguish the three constructions with other constructions involving the three verbs "have", give" and "take" 3.1.1 Have a" construction with the constructions involving "have" It is difficult to distinguish whether a true HAVE A construction or not It is possible to say: I had a kick from the horse This sentence having form of "have a verb" but in fact, it is not an instance of a HAVE A construction since it has different subject compared with the basic sentence: Eg: The horse kicked me The following example should be taken into consideration Eg: I had a kick of the ball Comparing this sentence with the basic sentence "I kicked the ball" The two sentences have the same subject and meaning Thus, this sentence is considered as an instance of HAVE A construction It is supposed that, one can make sentence: Eg: I had a chance to see Mary (*) This sentence has the same subject and form With the basic sentence "I chanced to see Mary" but it has different meaning with the basic sentence, according to the criterion of "meaning", Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 28 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions the periphrastic sentence should have essentially the some meaning as the basic sentence Thus the sentence (*) does not belong to HAVE A construction 3.1.2 "Give a" construction with the ones involving "give" GIVE A construction refers to the subject doing something at his own whim, for a certain period and not to satisfy any external goat It is easy to make asentence like the next example: Eg: I gave the child a carry while doing up that hill on the way to town But it is not possible to say: Eg: I gave the child to town GIVE A construction describes something being "transferred" from subject to object That is, the object must be affected by the activity Eg: I gave the child a carry In above sentence, "the child" is affected by this beneficial gesture Apart from this, it would be quite infelicitous to say: I gave the suitcase a carry Since "the suitcase" is not affected by the activity 3.1.3 "Take a" construction with the ones involving "take" One important aspect of the meaning of TAKE A is that there is of_ ten physical effort involving on the part of the subject Thus, a comparison of the following samples should be done Possible Impossible Take a walk Take a sit -down Take a swim Take a think Take a look Take a talk Take a kick Take a shave Take a bite Take a laugh Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 29 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions Some verbs in RUN subtype describe a mode of motion (but no end point) and can be used in TAKE A construction if it is plausible that the subject should want to indulge in that sort of activity Such as: run, walk, crawl, slide, roll, climb, periphrastic constructions when they describe the activity done for its own sake Eg: We always take a stroll after lunch on Sundays (English - English -Vietnamese dictionary (2003), P.2091) If when these verbs have some definite goal they can not occur in TAKE A construction 3.2 Differences among the three constructions 3.2.1 “ Have a” and “ Give a” There is a subtle difference between the HAVE A and GIVE A constructions It has already been mentioned that HAVE A implies "done for a bit" if a certain verb refers GIVE A plus that verb is likely to refer to Just one unit of the activity Analyzing the following examples, it can be seen easily the differences between HAVE A and GIVE A construction VERBS Examples differences (1) - He gave a laugh Most often relates to a single (1')- He had a laugh "ha" whereas (1') could describe Laugh someone laughing for a minute or [3;348] two at something hi found excruciatingly funny (2) - He gave a cry (2) Is likely to be a single sob, (2') - He had a cry whereas (2') could be someone Cry crying [3;348] Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 30 their thwart conditions of distress Vinh University Some A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions (3) – Go on, you have a (3) and (3') are speeches of a trainer punch of the punch ball now that may be said to a boxer, (3) (3‟ ) - Go on, you give a means that the trainer invites the Punch punch boxer to rain punches on it for a [3;349] reasonable period of time But the sentence (3‟ ) means that Just a single hit might be expected (4) - You have a pull of the (4) Could be realized by the rope Pull addressee pulling for a few (4')- You give the rope a minutes, whereas (4) might relate to Pull a single tug [3;349] (5) - Mary had a look at (5) Describes Mary indulging John (through the window) herself in looking at john for a (5') - Mary gave john a look period, it is immaterial whether or (through the window) not John realizes that he is being observed (5') is contrast with (5) Look and describes Mary communicate [3;349] with John - She gives him a look and notices it It could be a look of warning, of invitation, of loathing or of love 3.2.2 "Give a" and "Take a" There is light difference between GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB It is shown as follows TAKE A VERB is most frequently used with intransitive verb Eg: - Mary took a walk in the garden - He took a look at her (Writing Academic English) Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 31 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions GIVE A VERB differs in that it most often involves a transitive verb Eg: Mary gave John a punch (New Approaches to English Grammar on semantic principles, 1991, P.336) 3.2.3 "Have a" and "Take a" TAKE A is contrast with HAVE A - in often referring to a "single unit" of activity Both HAVE A and TAKE A can be used with "smell" and "sniff" but "take a sniff of it" seems a little more felicitous than "have a sniff of it" (because the verb "sniff" generally refers to a single inhalation) whereas "have a smell of it" is preferred are "take a smell of it" (since "smell” is likely to refer to an action extended in time, with many inhalation ).One important aspect of the meaning of TAKE A is that there is often physical effort involving on the part of the subject The below examples have complete illustrations for this meaning Eg: You had a look at Maggie Suppose that Maggie is a small child playing off to one side; all you have to turn your head to look at her The above sentence is only used if she is doing something cute But if Maggie is sleeping in her cot in another room and in this case, it would be likely to use TAKE A construction Eg: Could you go and take a look at Maggie? (Since you will have to move in order to check up on her) What's more, TAKE A often refers to a premeditated action, where HAVE A may be used for something done on the spur of the moment One is likely to plan to "take a stroll" Eg: We always take stroll after lunch on Sundays In other hand, one could Just "have a stroll" at whim Eg: We had a stroll around the garden while we were watiting for you Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 32 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions In conclusion, four criteria :meaning , form, Adverb/ adjective correspondence and preservation of peripheral constructions that are mentioned in chapter help the learners to distinguish the HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A with ones involving the three verbs "have", give" and "take" Furthermore, each of HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A have differences of syntax and semantic features Thus, there are always differences among them Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 33 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions Part III: CONCLUSION I Findings Criteria, syntax and semantic features of HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A constructions are what we are concerned most Through the detailed study of those aspects, many significant questions are found out Most grammar of English Scarcely mention the HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A construction types Therefore It is difficult to understand briefly about these three constructions In this study, we tried to find out some main points about those three constructions *Criteria for distinguishing HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A constructions from other constructions involving three verbs” have” ,” give” and “ take” * Criteria Form (1) Meaning (2) Adverb/ adjective correspondence (3) Preservation of peripheral constructions (4) (1) states that a periphrastic construction should (i) the same subject as the basic sentence; (ii) "have", give" or "take" as the main verb; (iii) the base form of the verb of the basic sentence as head of a post - predicate NP, preceded by in define article a ~ an (2) demands that the periphrastic sentence have essentially the same meaning as the basic sentence (3) shows that the way in which an adjective provides semantic modification to the head of an NP is similar to the way in which an adverb modifies a verb (4) shows all peripheral constructions of the basic sentence should be exactly preserved in the periphrastic constructions Ngun ThÞ Tµi 44E2 34 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions * Syntax features of HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A constructions Most of the intransitive verb occurring HAVE A or TAKE A construction And about 90 percents of the verbs occurring in the GIVE A construction are transitive In addition, there are a fair number of instances of HAVE A and TAKE A with transitive verbs And some intransitive verbs occur in GIVE A construction * Semantic features of HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A constructions Each of HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A adds a special semantic element to the basic sentence In order to have a sufficient and effective illustration of the semantic features of those constructions a table is used It represents all the particular semantic features for each structure of "have", "take" and "give".Hopefully, readers will have a sufficient understanding of the semantics of the three main constructions so far HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Semantic elements constructions i)i i) Something done voluntarily, by the subject ii ii) To indulge himself in something he HAVE A VERB construction enjoys doing, or which provided relief iii iii) The activity being done “ for a bit” at the subject‟ s whim (rather than to achieve any transcendental goal) i) GIVE A VERB construction i) Something done voluntarily by the subject ii) Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 ii)To transfer something to an object, 35 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions either affecting the object in some physical way, or communicating with another person iii) iii) The activity being “ done a bit” , at the subject‟ s whim and often, if the verb refers to an activity that can be incremental, just one unit of the activity is performed i) i) Something done voluntarily, by the subject ii) ii) Often a definite premeditated activity TAKE A VERB construction ii) iii) Generally involving some physical effort on the part of the subject i) iv) Just one unit of the activity being complete II Suggestions for further study As mentioned above, this writing deals only with a study of "have a", "give a" and "take a" constructions in English For further study, we would like to develop this writing as contrastive analysis in English and in Vietnamese It will be seriously aimed to answer whether there would be structures, semantic features in Vietnamese that have the equivalent uses or not Moreover, differences and similarities are mentioned in detail to help English learners master English structures most effectively Apart from that,there are also periphrastic constructions with “ make” ,” do” and “ pay” that show some similarity to HAVE A/ GIVE A /TAKE A VERB ,so a study of MAKE/DO/ PAY constructions is suggested for further study Firstly, we deal with the syntax of the Nguyễn Thị Tài 44E2 36 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions constructions and then discuss their meanings Finally, we explain which verbs may occur in the constructions REFERENCES Alexander, L (1988) Longman English Grammar New York: Longman Publishing 2.Azar,Betty S &Azar,Donal A.(1990).understanding and using English Grammar, Prince-Hall, Inc United States of America Dixon, R, M, W (1991) New Approaches to English Grammar on Semantic Principle English – English – Vietnamese Dictionary (2003) Flower, J (2001) Phrasal Verb Organizer Ho Chi Minh publishing House Jacobs, Roderick A (1995) English Syntax – A Grammar for English Language Professionals, Oxford University press Mc Carthy, M.F.O (2004) English Idioms in Use Ho Chi Minh city: Young publishing House Murphy, R (1998) English Grammar in Use Ho Chi Minh City: youth Publishing House Oshima, A & Hogue, A Writing Academic English Addison – Wesley publishing Company 10 Quirk, R & Greenbaum, S (1977) A University Grammar of English Hong Kong: Longman Group limited 11 Schmidt,H.H (1999) Advanced English Grammar New Jersey Printice Hall Regents Ngun ThÞ Tµi 44E2 37 Vinh University A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions NguyÔn Thị Tài 44E2 38 Vinh University ... A study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions Chapter 2: ? ?HAVE A VERB? ? ?, ? ?GIVE A VERB? ?? and ? ?TAKE A VERB? ?? constructions 2.1 Criteria to distinguish "have a" , "give a" and "take. .. study of HAVE A VERB, GIVE A VERB and TAKE A VERB Constructions * Syntax features of HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A constructions Most of the intransitive verb occurring HAVE A or TAKE A construction And. .. mentioned in chapter help the learners to distinguish the HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A with ones involving the three verbs "have" , give" and "take" Furthermore, each of HAVE A, GIVE A and TAKE A have differences