Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kế toán trách nhiệm và ảnh hưởng đến hiệu quả hoạt động của các công ty ngành dệt may tại việt nam TT TIENG ANH

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY - LY PHAT CUONG FACTORS AFFECTING APPLICATION OF RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING AND IMPACTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COMPANIES IN VIETNAMESE TEXTILE AND GARMENT INDUSTRY Major: Accounting Code: 9340301 ECONOMIC DOCTORAL THESIS SUMMARY HCMC – 2021 The thesis is accomplished at: University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City Science instructor: Assoc.Prof Dr PHAM VAN DUOC Assoc.Prof Dr TRAN VAN TUNG Assessor 1: Assessor 2: Assessor 3: The doctoral thesis is defended before the university-level Dissertation Grading Council meeting at: At ………………………dated………………………………… Thesis can be found at the library: 1 INTRODUCTION The necessity of the thesis RA is a basic content of management accounting and is done from the decentralization of managers based on organizational structure classification RA is used to evaluate the performance of businesses because this is the concern of the shareholders & the management That is also the basis for evaluating the success of policy implementation in each company The textile and garment industry is the main export segment in the trade structure, playing an important role in the recovery and economic growth of Vietnam Recognizing that problem, the application of RA in Vietnam's textile enterprises is particularly important and meets the development trend of current accounting activities Given the advantages and challenges that Vietnamese textile companies have to face, effective use of responsible accounting is especially important Therefore, over the past time, there have been many studies to evaluate the application of RA in different industries and businesses both domestically and internationally The author chooses the research topic: “Factors affecting of applying RA and impact on the performance efficiency of textile companies in Vietnam” for four main reasons They are (i) applying RA to help improve business performance; (ii) the important role for the economy of Vietnamese garment companies; (iii) fierce competition in the international arena of Vietnam's garment and textile; and (iv) there are few specific studies on the factors affecting the application of RA and business performance of textile companies in Vietnam Research objectives & questions 2.1 General research objectives Research on factors affecting the application of RA and performance of companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam From that research results, the author proposes management solutions 2.2 Specific research objectives (1) Identify the factors affecting the application of the RA for companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam (2) Evaluate and measure these factors affecting the application of RA for textile companies in Vietnam (3) Evaluate and measure the application of RA affecting the performance of textile companies in Vietnam 2.3 Research questions (1) What factors impact the application of RA? (2) How does the impact of these factors affect the application of the RA? (3) The degree of influence applying RA to operational efficiency? Object of the study Factors affecting the application of RA and affecting the performance of companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam Scope of the study The research scope is textile companies operating in Vietnam Research space: survey applying RA for companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam Research period: primary data collected in 2019 Research content: - Factors affecting the application of RA for companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam - Applying RA affects the performance of companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam in terms of financial and non-financial benefits Research methodology The mixed research method is used with a combination of quantitative research method (playing a leading role) and qualitative research method 3 Qualitative research is used to (i) determine the factors affecting the application of RA for companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam; and (ii) complete a scale of impact factors, the application of RA, and operational efficiency Quantitative research is used to (i) analyze and test the factors affecting the application of RA, (ii) test the relationship of the application of RA with operational efficiency of garment companies in Vietnam Contributions 6.1 Theoretical contribution Firstly, the study combines theories (e.g., management accounting theory, random theory, sociological theory, economic efficiency theory, agency theory, stakeholder theory) for the purpose of explaining for the application of RA; factors affecting the application of RA; controlling factors and the effect of the application of RA on the performance of textile companies in Vietnam Secondly, it helps to identify and adds to the theoretical basis of factors affecting the application of RA in the textile industry in Vietnam Thirdly, the study has supplemented the previous studies in the following aspects (i) presenting the research model with factors measuring the level of impact on the application of RA; (ii) identifying controlling factors; and (iii) determining the impact of RA application on the performance of textile and garment companies in Vietnam through the combined approach 6.2 Practical contribution Contributing to promoting the application of RA in companies in the textile and garment industry in particular, enterprises in Vietnam in general through a research model of influencing factors Contributing to helping managers and accountants improve awareness and responsibility in the organization and apply RA through influencing factors and controlling factors 4 The authorities need to develop specific regulations and policies on RA Because the legal environment is an important factor affecting the application of RA Companies applying RA need an adequate regulatory framework To apply RA effectively, it is required that educational institutions develop RA programs in accordance with reality in order to improve the qualifications of accountants and managers' awareness Structure of the topic Chapter 1: Literature review; Chapter 2: Theoretical basis; Chapter 3: Research methodology; Chapter 4: Results and discussion; Chapter 5: Conclusion and policy implications CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Overview of international relevant research 1.1.1 Studies on RA To assist managers in measuring and controlling individual performance, for example: Freeman (2004); Kellogg (1962); Horngren and Foster (1991); Rowe et al (2008); Gordon (1963); Garrison et al (2008); Mojgan (2012); Atu et al (2014); Melumad et al (1992); Muthulakshmi (2014) Responsibility center is a part or function of an organization such as Belkaoui (1981); Pajrok (2014); Indjejikian et al (1999); Lindkvist and Liewellyn (2003); Nwanyanwu (2006); Ojuye Thomas (2012); Sawabe (2015) RC are evaluated for effectiveness based on such responsibility reports: Gadave (2017); Belkaoui (1981); Kellogg (1962); Sarkar and Yeshmin (2005); Ritika and Rani (2015); Albareza et al (2016); Ocansey and Enahoro (2012); Meda (2003); Belkaoui (1981) RA is applied based on resource and cost management with decentralized responsibility in organizations such as Bloomfield et al (1992); Higgins (1952); Vogel (1962); Dowd (2001); Gerald (1995); Shih (1997); Lin and Yu (2002); Larmande and Ponssard (2007); Antle and Demsk (1988); Kellogg (1962) 5 Comments: (1) RA is applied more and more in many fields and countries around the world; (2) Applying RA to control costs and assess manager responsibility, etc (3) RA forms RC In which, the manager of each responsibility center is responsible for managing and reporting to upper management through a responsibility report 1.1.2 Studies on factors affecting the application of RA Researches on factors affecting the application of the RA, for example, Rugby (2004); Rezi (2007); Mohamed et al (2015); Amiri et al (2013); Dunn (2002); Al-Gharaybeh et al (2011); (Mohammed, 2005); Okoye et al (2009); Bhagat (2012); Jaradat et al (2012); Fakir et al (2014); Ramadan (2016); Tuan (2017); Nguyen et al (2017); Mohamed and Abdallah (2020) ; Dunn (2002); Festus et al (2020); Garrison et al (2009); Gharaibeh (2008); Al-Gharaybeh et al (2011); Jonas et al (2016); Rezi (2007); Nawaiseh et al (2014); Rezi (2007); Joda et al (2009); Mohamed and Abdallah (2020); Fowzia (2011); Fakir (2015); Dunn (2002); Mohesn and Mohammad (2009) Comments: (1) The application of RA is studied in many fields; (2) Factor studies affecting the application of the RA are usually in manufacturing companies worldwide 1.1.3 Studies on the relationship between RA and corporate performance RA is used as a tool to control departments to improve business management and profitability, such as: Lin and Yu (2002); Rikita and Rani (2015); Al Mutairi (2011); Antle and Demski (1988); Vogel (1962); Arya et al (2007); Pajrok (2014); Larmande and Ponssard (2007); Kellogg (1962); Ocansey and Enahoro (2012) At the same time, enterprises apply RA to evaluate performance, for example: Okoye et al (2009); Gerald (1995); Shih (1997); Dunn (2002); Horngren and Foster (1991); Meda (2003); Mohammed (2005); Rowe et al (2008); Joda et al (2009) RA helps improve operational efficiency through management responsibility assessment and the company's reward and encouragement regime , for example, Indjejikian et al (1999); Lindkvist and Liewellyn (2003); Freeman (2004); Nwanyanwu (2006); Ojuye (2012); Albareza et al (2016); Belkaoui (1981) In addition, the application of the responsibility of RA also aims to improve the management efficiency of managers at all levels, for example, Ramadan (2016); Fakir et al (2014); Mohamed and Abdallah (2020); Tuan (2017); Rezi (2007); Gharaibeh (2008); Jaradat et al (2012); Akenbor and Nkem (2013); Al-Gharaybeh et al (2011); Amiri et al (2013); Mohamed et al (2015); Nawaiseh et al (2014); Alshomaly (2013); Mojgan (2012); Sarabhemati and Jamshidinavid (2016); Festus et al (2020); Mohesn and Mohammad (2009); Wahdan and Emam (2017); Nguyen et al (2017) Comments: (1) The application of RA to control profit, control and manage costs (2) The application of RA affects operational efficiency from a financial and non-financial perspective 1.2 Overview of domestic relevant research 1.2.1 Studies on RA In recent times, RA has been researched by many authors through dissertations, journals, and scientific topics, for example, Pham Van Duoc (2009); Pham Van Duoc et al (2009); Tran Van Tung (2010); Nguyen Thai An and Vuong Thi Bach Tuyet (2017); Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong (2013); Hoang Thi Huong (2016); Tran Hai Long (2014); Dam Phuong Lan (2014); Ho My Hanh (2015); Dang Thi Bac (2016); Pham Van Dang (2017); Nguyen Huu Phu (2014) Comments: (1) Research is usually about the organization of the accountability reporting system (2) The research direction of applying RA is based on organization of RC according to the decentralization of management (3) KM - Star model or BSC, EVA method is often used to evaluate the effectiveness of RC 1.2.2 Studies on factors affecting the application of RA Currently in Vietnam, the research on the factors affecting the application of RA has not had many studies done, for example, Tran Trung Tuan (2015); Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan (2017); Nguyen Ngoc Tien (2018); Le Phuoc Hung et al (2018); Cao Thi Huyen Trang (2019); Vu Thi Van Anh (2019) Comments: In general, in recent years in Vietnam, although not many, but the research trend of the authors is mainly on the factors affecting the application of RA in companies in manufacturing and industry 1.2.3 Studies on the relationship between RA and corporate performance Currently, many authors are interested in the relationship between the application of RA and business performance, for example, Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong (2013); Tran Trung Tuan (2015); Nguyen Ngoc Tien (2018); Le Phuoc Hung et al (2018); Nguyen Huu Phu (2014) Thus, with the main topic of this study is about the factors affecting application of RA and impacts on the performance of companies in Vietnamese textile and garment industry, the author has not found any research in Vietnam that has done 1.3 Research gap From the comments mentioned in sections 1.1, 1.2 shows: RA has been interested Researches around the world have found many factors affecting the application of RA in the industrial sector Research on RA in Vietnam mainly focuses on applicationoriented research Current researchers tend to study the influencing factors Vietnam's textile and garment industry is a manufacturing industry that plays an important role in exports But the author has not found any studies in Vietnam conducted related to the factors affecting the application of RA With the above reasons and at the same time aims to test the factors affecting the application of RA, as well as discover more and consider the factors affecting the application of the RA affecting the applied relationship of RA with the performance of companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam, the author chose the topic "Factors affecting application of RA and impacts on the performance of companies in Vietnamese textile and garment industry" CHƯƠNG 2: THEORETICAL BASIS 2.1 Theoretical basis for RA 2.1.1 The nature of RA The nature of RA is shown as follows: basic content of management accounting; information systems used to control and evaluate the performance of each department in an organization; responsibility and authority for each individual and department 2.1.2 The role of RA RA is used in the following aspects: (1) Determining the benefits of the company based on the contribution of each unit or division; (2) Segment managers can be assessed on a RA basis; (3) Helping managers change the way they perform their behaviors based on measured management results; (4) The managers of each department change the style of executive management in accordance with the organization's strategy 2.1.3 The classification of RA According to Hansen and Mowen (2005), the RA model is determined by four basic factors: (1) Assigned responsibility (2) Metric-based performance assessment, (3) Performance evaluation; and (4) Distribution of rewards 2.1.4 RC 2.1.4.1 Cost center The cost center is the source and control over the cost of the manager for indirect service or production activities Cost centers are measured against cost reports and using cost comparison and variance analysis methods 2.1.4.2 Revenue center Revenue center is where revenue is generated, not responsible for profit or investment 9 Revenue centers are measured using sales comparison method and variance analysis 2.1.4.3 Profit center Profit center is where the manager is responsible for the profits achieved in the unit as it is responsible for controlling both revenue and costs Profit centers are measured using the method of comparison of returns and variance analysis 2.1.4.4 Investment center Investment center is where the manager is responsible for the company's investments Investment center performance is measured by financial ratios such as ROI, RI, EVA, and ROCE 2.2 Theoretical basis for operational efficiency 2.2.1 The essence of performance Operational performance is an important aspect of RA based on stakeholders' expectations, in areas such as financial health, performance of activities, and business strategies based on monetary measures 2.2.2 Operational efficiency measurement 2.2.2.1 Measurement methods Objective measurement methods Objective measurement method is based on data collected on the stock market or the accounting data provided by businesses From there, researchers can calculate the necessary indicators Subjective measurement methods Subjective measurement method based on the comparison with the previous period / year and with competitors in the industry or the industry average This method is often used mainly by researchers worldwide 2.2.2.2 Relationship between two measurement methods Researchers argue that the limitation of the two methods is related to the data collected by the companies Because both methods 10 are valid and reliable (Wall et al., 2004; Björkman and Budhwar, 2007) Therefore, the combination of both methods is the choice of many researchers 2.2.2.3 Measurement criteria Prior to 1980, performance was measured primarily on financial measures However, Kaplan & Norton (1992) and Banker et al (2000) pointed out the limitations of financial measures, i.e., narrow evaluation scope, outdated data, using historical data, not supporting forecasting, not supporting decision making due to incomplete information provided In order to overcome the limitations, after 1980, the measurement of performance using additional non-financial measures According to (Neely, 1999) pre-1980 performance using a financial measure is known as the traditional performance measurement system This is to distinguish it from the modern post1980 performance measurement system that uses financial and nonfinancial metrics Operational efficiency has been studied by many researchers in terms of financial and non-financial indicators 2.3 The relationship between RA and corporate performance RA with key elements is the basic tool to improve the efficiency of organizations in terms of financial information and nonfinancial information (Hawkins et al., 2004), assess the performance of enterprises (Martin, 2012), and help businesses improve communication between departments, creative skills and innovation (Okoye et al., 2009) 2.4 The background theories The background theories are management accounting theory, economic efficiency theory, stochastic theory, representation theory, sociological theory, stakeholder theory 11 2.5 Summary of factors affecting the application of RA Table 2.3: Summary of factors affecting the application of RA No 10 11 Variable Independent variables Organizational structure Decentralized management Distribution of expenses & revenue Budget estimate Responsibility report Performance evaluation Reward system Managers' awareness (at all levels) Expertise of accountants Competitive factor Competitive strategy Controlling variables 12 Business size 13 14 15 Measurement techniques Cognitive level Competition level 2.6 Background theory Representative theory Representative theory Management accounting theory Sociological theory Management accounting theory Theory of economic efficiency Random theory Theory of economic efficiency Random theory Management accounting theory Random theory Theory of economic efficiency Source: Author’s summarization Development of proposed research hypotheses Table 2.4: Proposed research theory No Hypothesis Description Independent factor affects the application of RA for companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam H1 Organizational structure is positively related H2 Decentralization is positively related H3 Cost & revenue distribution is positively related H4 Budgeting is positively related H5 Responsibility reporting is positively related H6 Performance evaluation is positively related H7 The reward system is positively related H8 Manager's awareness at all levels is positively related H9 Accounting staff qualifications are positively related 10 H10 Competitive factors are positively related 11 H11 Competition strategy is positively related The controlling factor affects the relationship between the independent variable and the responsibility of RA for companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam Expectation + + + + + + + + + + + 12 Business size affects the relationship between organizational structure, decentralized management 12 H12 and the application of RA for companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam Measurement techniques affect the relationship between cost and revenue allocation factors, budget 13 H13 estimates, accountability reports, performance evaluation and the application of RA for companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam The level of awareness affects the relationship between the reward system factor, manager awareness at all levels, and the level of accountants 14 H14 with the responsibility of accounting responsibility for companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam The level of competition affects the relationship between competitive factors, a competitive strategy 15 H15 with the responsibility of accounting responsibility for companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam The application of RA affecting the performance of companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam 16 H16 Applying RA is positively related Significantly affect Significantly affect Significantly affect Significantly affect + Source: Author’s summarization 2.7 Proposed research model 2.8 Recommended scale CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research design 3.1.1 Research approach In the thesis, the mixed method is used with quantitative research method (with the leading role) and qualitative research method 3.1.2 Research framework In order to achieve the set objectives, the research framework consists of two parts: theory and practices 3.2 Research Procedure Stage 1: General theory; Phase 2: Preliminary research; Stage 3: Formal research 13 3.3 Qualitative research Qualitative research is used to explore the factors affecting the application of RA and affecting the performance of companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam 3.3.1 Research procedure Step 1: Research objectives; Step 2: Research method; Step 3: Determine the research sample; Step 4: Collect and process data; Step 5: Analyze the results 3.3.2 Methodology and measures The GT method is used 3.3.3 Research sample 3.3.3.1 Number of samples On the intentional sampling technique, the thesis determined that the sample size 10 is appropriate 3.3.3.2 Criteria of the expert selected The author discusses and consults with experts who are knowledgeable or researcher of RA 3.3.4 Discussion outline and expert opinions gathering 3.3.4.1 Discussion outline The questions are divided into 03 parts: (i) the questions about the impact factors, (ii) the questions on determining the application of RA affects performance and (iii) the questions whether any other factors besides the above factors 3.3.4.2 Expert opinions gathering The questionnaire is available by the author using interviews from experts to collect data 3.4 Quantitative research 3.4.1 Research procedure Step 1: Formal research model; Step 2: Research method; Step 3: Determine the research sample; Step 4: Collect and process data; Step 5: Analyze the results; Step 6: Research results and discussion 3.4.2 Research design 14 Research design through two phases: Phase 1: preliminary quantitative research; Stage 2: formal research 3.4.3 Research sample 3.4.3.1 Survey object Respondents are the financial directors, executive directors, production directors, department heads, chief accountants, general accountants and accountants who are knowledgeable and aware of the RA The survey channel is textile companies in Vietnam 3.4.3.2 Preliminary research sample The author collects the number of 200 survey questionnaires to conduct for preliminary inspection 3.4.3.3 Form of official research Sampling method The author chooses methods: Convenience sampling and Snowball sampling Sample size The author prepared 500 survey forms 3.4.3.4 Data gathering Approach of data gathering Respondents received survey forms through the following channels: (1) Directly, (2) Email, online link Period of data gathering Survey period is 05 months (February 2019 - June 2019) Data gathering in preliminary study Data for the preliminary study were collected In which, the author obtained 155 survey forms, removed invalid and kept 150 valid Data gathering in official research The collected data included 398 survey forms Of which, 13 are invalid (excluded) and the rest are 385 valid 3.4.3.5 Data analysis in quantitative research Data analysis in preliminary study Follow techniques: (1) Crobach's Alpha; (2) EFA analysis 15 Data analysis in official research Step 1: Descriptive statistics; Step 2: Evaluate the reliability of the scale; Step 3: Analyze EFA; Step 4: CFA analysis; Step 6: Test Bootstrap; Step 7: Analyze the hierarchy CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Qualitative research results 4.1.1 Factors identification Most experts agree on factors and scales affecting the responsibility of accounting responsibility for companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam Interview with experts about adding more factors affecting the application of RA of companies in the textile industry in Vietnam shows that the percentage of experts agreeing on the factor "Business characteristics" and "Legal environment" is 80% (8/10 experts), while the factors "Cost of applying RA" and "Obstacles when applying RA" are very low (less than 10%) Therefore, the author added two new factors "Business characteristics" and "Legal environment" proposed by experts into the official survey The remaining two factors "Cost of applying RA" and "Obstacles when applying RA" proposed by experts, the author did not add to the official survey The author adds the following hypothesis: H17: Business characteristics have a positive impact on the application of RA of companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam H18: The legal environment has a positive impact on the application of RA by companies in the textile industry in Vietnam 4.1.2 Assessing the appropriateness of the scale 4.1.2.1 Assessing the appropriateness of the scale of independent factors Experts agree with the author's proposed scale on the following factors: Cost & revenue allocation, Budgeting, 16 Responsibility reports preparation, Actual & budgeting variance assessment, Competitive strategy Noting expert comments, the author has added and adjusted the scale of factors: Organizational structure, Decentralization of management, Reward system, Awareness of managers, Expertise of accounting staff, Competitive advantage, Business characteristics, and Legal environment 4.1.2.2 Assessing the appropriateness of the scale of controlling factors Experts agree with the author's proposed scale on the factors of Firm size, Awareness level Noting expert comments, the author has added and adjusted the scale of factors: Performance measurement techniques, Competitiveness 4.1.2.3 Assessing the appropriateness of the scale of factors relating to RA and operational efficiency Experts agree with the author's proposed scale on the factor of Using RA For the Performance factor: experts agree with the author's proposed scale 4.2 Quantitative research results 4.2.1 Preliminary research results 4.2.1.1 General information 4.2.1.2 Descriptive statistics 4.2.1.3 Analysis of scale reliability Results Cronbach's Alpha (KTTN; HQHD; QMDN; KTDL; DTTT; MDNT; TDKT; YTCT; MDCT; CLCT NTQL; DDDN; MTPL) has the total variable correlation coefficient ≥ 0.3 and Cronbach's Alpha> 0.6 The scales with Cronbach's Alpha> 0.6 meet the requirements but need to remove the variables to increase the reliability of the scale (CCTC; PQQL; DTCP; BCTT; DGDT; DTTT; HTKT) 17 4.2.1.4 EFA analysis EFA analysis aims to test the correlation between observed variables: (1) Impact factors (2) Controlling factors (3) Factors applying RA and (4) Operational efficiency 4.2.2 Official research results 4.2.2.1 General information 4.2.2.2 Descriptive statistics 4.2.2.3 Research scale testing The scale is tested based on evaluating Cronbach's Alpha and EFA analysis: (1) Test the scale of the impact factors (2) Test scale of controlling factors (3) Test the scale using RA and (4) Operational efficiency 4.2.2.4 CFA analysis CFA analysis Testing of discriminatory validity Test reliability and total variance 4.2.2.5 Analysis of SEM model SEM model Test factors with interaction relationships 4.2.2.6 Bootstrap testing 4.2.2.7 Hierarchical analysis SEM model Test the controlling factors relationship 4.3 Discussion 4.3.1 The reliability of the scale The author evaluates the scale using a variety of evaluation methods, including Cronbach's Alpha; EFA analysis, CFA analysis and SEM model analysis 18 Business size Organizational structure +0.129 Decentralized management +0.143 Distribution of exp & rev +0.099 Budget estimate +0.122 Responsibility report +0.088 Performance evaluation +0.109 Reward system +0.159 Managers' awareness +0.164 Expertise of accountants +0.258 Competitive strategy +0.101 Competitive factor +0.094 Business characteristics +0.126 Legal environment +0.107 Measurement techniques Applicati on of responsi bility accounti ng +0.380 Operati onal efficien cy Cognitive level Competition level Source: Author’s summarization Figure 4.4: The official model 4.3.2 Factors affecting the application of RA and affecting the performance of companies in the textile and garment industry in Vietnam The model with relationships is tested through 04 parts First, the indexes Chi-square / df = 1,320 ≤ 3; P = 0,000; TLI = 0,959 and CFI = 0,962> 0,9; RMSEA = 0,029 consistent with actual 19 data, statistical significance (P