ALLISON LEE PALMER HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF PALMER For orders and information please contact the publisher SCARECROW PRESS, INC. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200 Lanham, Maryland 20706 1-800-462-6420 • fax 717-794-3803 www.scarecrowpress.com COVER IMAGE © SCPHOTOS / ALAMY ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-5821-3 ISBN-10: 0-8108-5821-5 Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts, No. 29 Architecture, which can be understood in its most basic sense as a form of enclosure created with an aesthetic intent, first made its appearance in the Prehistoric Age. From its earliest developments, architecture changed over time and in different cultures in response to changing cultural needs, aesthetic interests, materials, and techniques. The Historical Dictionary of Architecture provides information on architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Tadao Ando, Leon Battista Alberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, Michelangelo, and Konstantin Stepanovich Melnikov, as well as on famous structures such as the Acropolis, the Colosseum, the Forbidden City, Machu Pichu, Notre Dame, the Pyramids of Giza, Stonehenge, and the World Trade Center. The dictionary examines the development of architecture over the centuries through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on the major architects, well-known buildings, time periods, styles, building types, and materials in world architecture. Allison Lee Palmer is professor of art history at the University of Oklahoma. ARTS • ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY Architecture Arc hitecture HD Architecture.indd 1HD Architecture.indd 1 8/11/08 11:16:24 AM8/11/08 11:16:24 AM Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts Jon Woronoff, Series Editor 1. Science Fiction Literature, by Brian Stableford, 2004. 2. Hong Kong Cinema, by Lisa Odham Stokes, 2007. 3. American Radio Soap Operas, by Jim Cox, 2005. 4. Japanese Traditional Theatre, by Samuel L. Leiter, 2006. 5. Fantasy Literature, by Brian Stableford, 2005. 6. Australian and New Zealand Cinema, by Albert Moran and Errol Vieth, 2006. 7. African-American Television, by Kathleen Fearn-Banks, 2006. 8. Lesbian Literature, by Meredith Miller, 2006. 9. Scandinavian Literature and Theater, by Jan Sjåvik, 2006. 10. British Radio, by Seán Street, 2006. 11. German Theater, by William Grange, 2006. 12. African American Cinema, by S. Torriano Berry and Venise Berry, 2006. 13. Sacred Music, by Joseph P. Swain, 2006. 14. Russian Theater, by Laurence Senelick, 2007. 15. French Cinema, by Dayna Oscherwitz and MaryEllen Higgins, 2007. 16. Postmodernist Literature and Theater, by Fran Mason, 2007. 17. Irish Cinema, by Roderick Flynn and Pat Brereton, 2007. 18. Australian Radio and Television, by Albert Moran and Chris Keat- ing, 2007. 19. Polish Cinema, by Marek Haltof, 2007. 20. Old Time Radio, by Robert C. Reinehr and Jon D. Swartz, 2008. 21. Renaissance Art, by Lilian H. Zirpolo, 2008. 22. Broadway Musical, by William A. Everett and Paul R. Laird, 2008. 23. American Theater: Modernism, by James Fisher and Felicia Hardi- son Londré, 2008. 24. German Cinema, by Robert C. Reimer and Carol J. Reimer, 2008. 25. Horror Cinema, by Peter Hutchings, 2008. 26. Westerns in Cinema, by Paul Varner, 2008. 27. Chinese Theater, by Tan Ye, 2008. 28. Italian Cinema, by Gino Moliterno, 2008. 29. Architecture, by Allison Lee Palmer, 2008. [...]... others So it covers all the historical periods from the oldest to the most recent and all the major regions of the world This makes the Historical Dictionary of Architecture a welcome addition to the pool of information on the subject even in this age of the Internet when so much can be found on the Web However, unlike the Web, this is all written by one person who has gone out of her way to integrate... Ancient Egyptian Architecture c 2665 BC c 2589–2503 BC c 2100 BC 1473–1458 BC c 1295–1186 BC c 1279 BC c 1279 BC King Djoser’s funerary complex, Saqqara Pyramids of Giza, Egypt Model from Tomb of Meketra, Thebes Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahri Great Temple of Amun, Karnak Temple of Amun, Mut and Khonsu, Luxor Temple of Rameses II and Temple of Nefertari, Abu Simbel Ancient Aegean Architecture. .. Welby Northmore (1812–1852): 1830s, Houses of Parliament, London Romantic Architecture; see also Gothic Revival Architecture; also see below under Architecture of the United States 1890s–1940s Cotswold Cottage; see Tudor Revival Style Nash, John (1752–1835): 1815–1832, Royal Pavilion, Brighton, England Beaux-Arts Architecture; also see below under Architecture of the United States Garnier, Charles (1825–1898):... Ancient Greek Architecture c 550 BC c 530 BC 500s BC mid-400s BC c 400 BC c 400 BC 300s BC c 200 BC AD 132 Temple of Hera I, Paestum, Italy Treasury of the Siphnians, Delphi Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi Acropolis, Athens Athenian Agora, Athens Temple of Athena Pronaia, Delphi Miletos, city plan, modern-day Turkey Theater at Epidauros Temple of the Olympian Zeus, Athens CHRONOLOGY • xix Etruscan Architecture. .. alone and, if taken all together, of providing a sufficient history of architecture for the general reader I realize that my method overlooks a number of extremely gifted artists and outstanding structures In lieu of comprehensiveness, however, I trust that the contexts provided in this book will enable the reader not only to identify and examine those aspects of architecture that lie outside this... framework of architectural developments over time Under each heading, the dictionary s references to architects, buildings, and relevant styles are listed in historical order The concluding topic, Structures and Materials, lists architects and buildings that illustrate the use of common architectural materials (Bold italic type indicates that the item has its own entry in the dictionary. ) ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE. .. in this age of academic specialization There is no doubt that an awful lot of work went into writing this historical dictionary, and there is also no doubt that it fills an important gap in this series on Literature and the Arts It will serve as an unusually helpful and handy guide to many students, teachers, and the general public with an interest in one of the more unique arts Jon Woronoff Series... puts architecture in its broader context, and is worthwhile reading in its own right but also as a preliminary to looking up dictionary entries The bibliography then directs readers to other sources of literature on the topic and even to some websites where further information can be found This book was written by Allison Lee Palmer, who is an associate professor of art history at the University of Oklahoma,... on the Water, Tomamu; 1989, Church of the Light, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka Ito, Toyo (1941– ): 1984, Silver Hut, Tokyo Southeast Asian Architecture (Myanmar [Burma], Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, etc.) See Indian Architecture 1100s Angkor, Cambodia, begun PRE-COLUMBIAN ARCHITECTURE OF THE AMERICAS (900s BC–AD 1500s) Mesoamerican Architecture (Aztec, Inca, Maya, Olmec,... Early Medieval Architecture (Carolingian and Ottonian) 529 late 600s 792–805 Monastery of Montecassino, Italy Santa Maria de Quintanilla de las Viñas, Burgos, Spain Palace Complex of Charlemagne, Aachen, Germany (Carolingian) CHRONOLOGY 799 c 817 961 1001–1032 • xxiii Abbey Church of St Riquier, Monastery of Centula, France (Carolingian), dedicated Saint Gall Monastery (Carolingian) Church of Saint Cyriakus, . ALLISON LEE PALMER HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF PALMER For orders and information please contact. Palmer is professor of art history at the University of Oklahoma. ARTS • ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY Architecture Arc hitecture HD Architecture. indd 1HD Architecture. indd