Tài liệu Gmat official guide 10th edition part 5 ppt

101 help prevent customers from buying the wrong wine, so choice C supports rather than undermines Danville’s response. The fact that some popular wines can be distinguished from Mourdet’s by their bottle shape (choice E) says nothing about whether the difference in labels is enough to prevent consumers from buying Danville’s wine instead of Mourdet’s. 193. The editorial argues that fire alarm boxes remain necessary in the commercial district, because the specific alternatives to the alarm boxes to which the mayor refers-public and private phones-are not common there. The question asks you to identify a weakness in the editorial’s argument in favor of keeping alarm boxes in the commercial district. Choice B is the best answer. If commercial businesses use a different alternative-alarm systems connected to the fire department-then the editorial’s conclusion is not well supported. Neither choice A nor choice C gives any reason to think that the alarm boxes are not necessary, although both choices prove grounds for deactivating the boxes if they are no longer necessary. Choice D emphasizes the need to make sure that fires in the commercial district are reported quickly and does not weaken the editorial’s argument. If public telephones are often out of order (choice E), there is more, rather than less, reason to think that the alarm boxes are necessary. 194. The producer wants to make buying an electric vehicle more attractive to commuters and aims to do so by removing one obstacle: commuters who bought an electric vehicle would not be able to use it for long trips. The question asks you to identify something that might prevent the plan from succeeding. Choice B is the best answer because if the plan would add considerably to the price of an electric vehicle, then it in effect replaces one obstacle to buying an electric vehicle with another. Choices A and E are incorrect because the producer’s plan is focused on commuters, so the way some electric vehicles are used for commercial purposes (A) or for running errands (E) is of no relevance to the plan. Choice C poses no threat to the plan. Choice D presents both an advantage and a disadvantage of using an electric vehicle, but even the disadvantage does not threaten the plan’s prospects of making electric vehicles more attractive to commuters than they currently are. 195. The passage argues that charitable and educational institutions, part of whose income comes from donations, would be negatively affected if wealthy individuals could not count such donations as deductions from their income. The question asks you to identify an assumption of the argument-that is, something that has to be true in order for the evidence presented to establish the conclusion. Choice A is the best answer, since if this statement is false, all wealthy individuals would, even without the incentive provided by federal tax laws, donate as much money as they do now. In that case, the evidence used in the argument provides no support for the conclusion. Choice B is not assumed: the argument need only assume that many institutions depend heavily, but not necessarily exclusively, on donations from such individuals. Choice C is incorrect given that the argument is concerned only with the consequences of the proposed change and makes no assumption about any reasons for making or not making the change. Choice D is not assumed: as far as the argument is concerned, there can be many other individuals who donate money to the institutions. Choice E is incorrect since the argument, being about the consequences of the particular proposed change, does not make any assumption about what alternative changes to the tax laws ought to be made. 196. The passage makes a general claim-that major eruptions cause the atmosphere to cool down-on the basis of a 102 single episode in which an eruption was followed by an unusually severe winter. You are asked to identify a fact that weakens the arguments. Choice C is the best answer. It describes an occasion when an eruption was followed by temperatures that were warmer than usual, not colder, and thus counterbalances the evidence offered in the passage. Choice A announces that certain eruptions did have a cooling effect, so although an independent warning effect counteracted the effect, the argument is supported, not weakened. Choice B supports the claim that there is some connection between eruptions and the climate, but it provides no evidence one way or the other about whether eruptions specifically produce cooling. Choices D and E both present further evidence suggesting that eruptions can have a cooling effect: in choice D, the cooling interacts with an independent warming trend, and in choice E an eruption is followed by a cooling of sea temperatures. 197. The passage states that the stores through which SuperComp is selling its computers are experiencing dramatically increased sales. Analyst doubt, however, that SuperComp’s plan for selling its computers for home use is really working. The question asks you to identify a fact that justifies the analysts’ doubt. Choice C is the best answer. If consumers who are drawn to a SuperComp dealer find less expensive alternatives that the dealer has a strong incentive to sell to them, the analyst’ doubt is justifies, since it is likely that the increase in the dealer’s sales is due not to sales of SuperComp’s computers, but rather to sales of these other brands. Choice A is incorrect; it suggests that there is a market for home computers, so does nothing to justify the analysts’ doubts. Choice B is incorrect because it provides information about the consumers’ buying inclinations, but does not provide justification for the analysts’ doubts, given that the dealers were actually selling more computers than usual. Choice D is incorrect since it suggests that SuperComp chose well-located dealers, and does nothing to justify the analysts’ doubts. Finally, the beliefs mentioned in choice E, which were formed before the campaign, cannot justify the analysts’ doubts in the face of the evidence about increased sales. 198. The manager concluded that the new process produced a cost savings on the basis of a trial run of the process in which costs were 15 percent lower than they had been previously. You are asked to identify something that casts doubt on their conclusion. Choice C is the best answer. If production costs at the factory fell for a similar product that was produced without using the new process, it is more doubtful that the observed production cost reductions achieved during the trial run were actually produced by the new process. Choice A is incorrect; the fact that the managers had hoped for cost reductions of fifty percent does not cast any doubt on their conclusion that the new process had produced at least some savings. Choice B is incorrect since finding the source of the cost savings in the trial shows that the savings were no mere accident and so reinforces the managers’ conclusion. Choice D and E are incorrect since by emphasizing that certain aspects of the product-its design and raw materials-were the same in the standard process and the new process, these two answer choices support, rather than cast doubt on, the conclusion that the process itself produced the savings. 199. The passage introduces a goal: to get the information booth at the industry convention to be more effective at boosting sales. It also introduces a plan for achieving that goal: to increase attendance at the booth by having the sales force invite its best customers to visit the booth. The question asks you to identify a reason for thinking that inviting the customers will help Vitacorp to achieve its goal. Choice C is the best answer, since it explains how having Vitacrop’s best customers attend the booth might encourage new customers to attend. Hence there would be a chance to boost sales even if the invited visitors, 103 who are already good customers of Vitacrop, do not increase their purchase as a result of their visits. According to choice A, the customers who will be especially invited to attend the booth will not as a result be any better informed about Vitacrop’s products, so it gives no reason for thinking that sales to these customers will be stimulated. Choice B is incorrect because successful information booths belonging to Vitacrop’s competitors might cut into Vitacrop’s sales. Choice D presents a difficulty for the plan-Vitacrop’s best customers also use its competitors-and provides no way of overcoming this difficulty. Choice E strongly suggests that the booth will be less effective at boosting sales than normal. 200. The passage argues that a company should obtain a needed product or service from an outside supplier whenever a comparison between the price the outside supplier asks and the cost of a company’s making that product or service for itself shows the outside supplier’s price to be lower. The reason given is that doing so will lower the company’s cost and so contribute to its profits. The question asks you to identify the answer choice that weakens this argument. The correct answer, therefore, will give a reason why using an outside supplier might not help the company’s profitability even though the price the outside supplier asks is low. Choice B is the best answer since the possible leakage of sensitive information to the company’s competitors is a hidden cost of relying on outside suppliers and gives a reason why outsourcing might not, ultimately, enhance profitability even if it offers an immediate reduction in costs. Choices A and D are incorrect because they present benefits of outsourcing, not drawbacks-choice A refers to competition between independent suppliers, and choice D refers to the experienced management ability available. Information about which tasks are in fact commonly outsourced (choice C) does not affect the argument, which is about what tasks should be outsourced. Choice E points out a common consequence of outsourcing, but presents no disadvantage of this consequence to the company. 201. The spokesperson argues that the state’s road system is not inadequate, since the amount the state spends on road improvement is more, per mile of road, than any other state spends. The question asks you to find the answer choice that most seriously undermines this reasoning. This will be the choice that shows how a large amount of spending on road improvement need not indicate that the road system is good. Choice E is the best answer. It points out that spending an unusually large amount on road improvements tends to indicate that the roads being improved must be in unusually poor condition. Choice A is incorrect since it gives no reason for thinking that spending a large amount of money on road improvements is a poor indicator of the quality of the road system. Choice B and C are incorrect. Although the spokesperson’s argument is addressed to businesspeople, it is solely about whether the state’s road system is adequate. The importance of the road system in attracting business to the state is therefore not relevant to this argument (choice B). The number of businesses relocating into or out of the state is also therefore not relevant to the argument (choice C). Choice D is incorrect since the relevance of the statistic that the spokesperson uses about spending per mile of road is not affected by the information provided here about road systems and state size. 202. The argument in the passage concludes that, although Gortland currently produces enough grain and meat for its own needs, it will soon not do so. This conclusion is based on the continuing increase in per capita consumption of meat as per capita income increases, and the fact that several pounds of grain must be used to produce each pound of meat. 104 The question asks you to identify an assumption on which the argument depends. An assumption is something that must be true in order for the argument’s conclusion to be established by the evidence the argument gives. Choice E is the best answer. If the people who increase their consumption of meat at the same time radically reduce their consumption of grain, the evidence given in the argument cannot establish its conclusion. So for the conclusion to be established this possibility must be ruled out, which is what this answer choice does. Choice A is incorrect. The argument does not assume that grain production in Gortland will decline only that demand for grain will increase. Choice B is not assumed, since the argument would be unaffected even if the population had been increasing. Choice C is not assumed; no particular assumption about the distribution of meat consumption across income levels is required, although it is required that meat consumption overall will continue to increase. Choice D is incorrect. While it is assumed, for example, that the government will not freeze meat consumption at current levels, it is not assumed that the government has no role in the pricing of meat and grain. 203. The journalist’s argument offers an explanation for the decline in published articles reporting the results of experiments involving particle accelerators. The explanation given is that fewer than usual particle accelerators were available for physicists’ experiments the year before last, and thus that the decline reflects a reduction in the number of experiments with results to report. The question asks for the answer choice that undermines the journalist’s argument. The argument can be undermined either by indications that the explanation offered by the journalist cannot explain the decline or by evidence that strongly supports an alternative explanation to the one the journalist offers. Choice E is the best answer. This choice strongly supports an alternative explanation for the decline: that it was brought about by changes in editorial policy. This possibility undermines the journalist’s argument. Choice A is incorrect because it implies that there was indeed a decline in the number of articles submitted and so supports the journalist’s explanation. Choice B is incorrect since the fact that scientists have to wait for access implies that the accelerators continue to be fully used, thereby lending support to the idea that it is the reduced number of accelerators that led to a reduced number of articles. Since a decline in the number of physics journals would be one alternative explanation for the decline in the number of articles published, and choice C rules out that alternative explanation, it somewhat supports the explanation the journalist offers. Choice D does not weaken the journalist’s argument: even if accelerators can be used for several experiments, a reduction in the number of accelerators is likely to lead to a reduction in the number of experiments, and hence of articles. 204 Based on the success of the discount offer over the summer, the manufacturer plans to extend the same offer for the fall quarter. The question asks you to find the answer choice that identifies a flaw in this plan, that is, a reason for thinking that, even though the plan was successful in the summer quarter, it will not succeed in the fall. Choice E is the best answer since it indicates that the increase in sales during the summer quarter has reduced the number of potential sales during the fall quarter. That makes it unlikely that the discount plan can continue to boost sales in the same way. Choice A is incorrect because the discount program is based on a comparison between a distributor’s sales in a quarter and the sales in the same quarter the previous years, rather than in the previous quarter. Since advertising helps the distributors sell to their retail customers, choice B provides no reason for thinking the plan will not succeed in the fall. Choice C is incorrect: although part of the success of the discount incentives in the summer may have come from distributors’ recovering to more normal sales, that does not provide a reason for 105 thinking that the same increase in sales cannot occur in the fall quarter. Choice D is also incorrect: distributors’ flexibility in deciding how to take advantage of the discounts give no reason for thinking that the discounts will fail to increase fall sales. 205. In the passage, the conclusion advocate argues for a certain position: ….eliminating the state requirement that legal advertisements must specify fees for specific services would almost certainly increase rather than further reduce consumers’ legal costs. What follows the statement is preceded by two concessions that, the advocate admits, tend to point in the opposite direction; what follows the statement of the position are the reasons the advocate has for holding that position. To answer the question, you must find the choice that correctly describes the roles played by both of the portions that are in boldface. Choice C is the correct answer. The first boldface portion does present a pattern of cause and effect, and the advocate’s prediction is that his time the pattern will be different. In addition, the second boldface portion is one of the considerations that the advocate uses in support of that prediction. While the description of the first boldface portion given in choice A is correct, that of the second is not: the generalization in fact tends to run counter to the prediction made in the second boldface portion. Therefore this choice is incorrect. Choice B is incorrect, since although the first boldface portion presents a pattern of cause and effect, the advocate’s prediction is that in this case that pattern will not hold. Thus the role of the first boldface portion is incorrectly described. Choice D is incorrect: the advocate odes not use the first boldface portion in support of any prediction and instead concedes that it runs counter to the advocate’s own prediction. While the role of the first boldface portion is correctly described in choice E, that of the second is not, since the position the advocate is defending is not the second boldface portion, but rather the position identified above. Thus this choice is incorrect. 106 SENTENCE CORRECTION 1. The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child . (A) occurring when a child (B) occurring when children (C) that occurred when a child (D) that occurred when they were children (E) that has occurred as each was a child 2. Since 1981, when the farm depression began, the number of acres overseen by professional farm-management companies have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area that is about Colorado's size. (A) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area that is about Colorado's size (B) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, about the size of Colorado (C) has grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area about the size of Colorado (D) has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million, an area about the size of Colorado's (E) has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million, about Colorado's size 3. Some bat caves, like honeybee hives, have residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance, acting as sentinels and to sound a warning at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites. (A) acting as sentinels and to sound (B) acting as sentinels and sounding (C) to act as sentinels and sound (D) to act as sentinels and to sound (E) to act as a sentinel sounding 4. The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is to process them quickly into juice concentrate before they rot when warmer weather returns. (A) to process them quickly into juice concentrate before they rot when warmer weather returns (B) if they are quickly processed into juice concentrate before warmer weather returns to rot them (C) for them to be processed quickly into juice concentrate before the fruit rots when warmer weather returns (D) if the fruit is quickly processed into juice concentrate before they rot when warmer weather returns (E) to have it quickly processed into juice concentrate before warmer weather returns and rots the fruit 5. Carbon-14 dating reveals that the megalithic monuments in Brittany are nearly 2,000 years as old as any of their supposed Mediterranean predecessors. (A) as old as any of their supposed (B) older than any of their supposed (C) as old as their supposed (D) older than any of their supposedly (E) as old as their supposedly 6. In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces the production of enzymes that are the organism's trying to metabolize, or render harmless. the chemical that is irritating it. (A) trying to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical that is irritating it (B) trying that it metabolize, or render harmless, the . chemical irritant 107 (C) attempt to try to metabolize, or render harmless, such a chemical irritant (D) attempt to try and metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritating it (E) attempt to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant 7. Dr. Hakuta's research among Hispanic children in the United States indicates that the more the children use both Spanish and English, their intellectual advantage is greater in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic. (A) their intellectual advantage is greater in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic (B) their intellectual advantage is the greater in skills underlaying reading ability and nonverbal logic (C) the greater their intellectual advantage in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic (D) in skills that underlay reading ability and nonverbal logic, their intellectual advantage is the greater (E) in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic, the greater intellectual advantage is theirs 8. Lacking information about energy use, people tend to overestimate the amount of energy used by equipment. such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate that used by unobtrusive equipment, such as water heaters. (A) equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate that (B) equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when (C) equipment, such as lights, that is visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when (D) visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate that (E) visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate it when 9. Astronomers at the Palomar Observatory have discovered a distant supernova explosion, one that they believe is a type previously unknown to science. (A) that they believe is (B) that they believe it to be (C) they believe that it is of (D) they believe that is (E) they believe to be of 10. However much United States voters may agree that there is waste in government and that the government as a whole spends beyond its means, it is difficult to find broad support for a movement toward a minimal state. (A) However much United States voters may agree that (B) Despite the agreement among United States voters to the fact (C) Although United States voters agree (D) Even though United States voters may agree (E) There is agreement among United States voters that 11. Based on accounts of various ancient writers , scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, "the good goddess." (A) Based on accounts of various ancient writers (B) Basing it on various ancient writers' accounts (C) With accounts of various ancient writers used for a basis (D) By the accounts of various ancient writers they used (E) Using accounts of various ancient writers 12. Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way 108 as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium. (A) Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium. (B) Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses. (C) Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, new small businesses are not subject to the same applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity as established big businesses. (D) Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to them in the same way as to established big businesses. (E) New small businesses are not subject to the applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity in the same way as established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium. 13. State officials report that soaring rates of liability insurance have risen to force cutbacks in the operations of everything from local governments and school districts to day-care centers and recreational facilities. (A) rates of liability insurance have risen to force (B) rates of liability insurance are a force for (C) rates for liability insurance are forcing (D) rises in liability insurance rates are forcing (E) liability insurance rates have risen to force 14. Paleontologists believe that fragments of a primate jawbone unearthed in Burma and estimated at 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of a crucial step along the evolutionary path that led to human beings. (A) at 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of (B) as being 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of (C) that it is 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of what was (D) to be 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of (E) as 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of what was 15. In his research paper, Dr. Frosh, medical director of the Payne Whitney Clinic, distinguishes mood swings. which may be violent without their being grounded in mental disease, from genuine manic-depressive psychosis. (A) mood swings, which may be violent without their being grounded in mental disease, from genuine manic-depressive psychosis (B) mood swings, perhaps violent without being grounded in mental disease, and genuine manic-depressive psychosis , (C) between mood swings, which may be violent without being grounded in mental disease, and genuine manic-depressive psychosis (D) between mood swings, perhaps violent without being grounded in mental disease, from genuine manic-depressive psychosis (E) genuine manic-depressive psychosis and mood swings, which may be violent without being grounded in mental disease 16. Unlike a typical automobile loan, which requires a fifteen- to twenty-percent down payment, the lease-loan 109 buyer is not required to make an initial deposit on the new vehicle. (A) the lease-loan buyer is not required to make (B) with lease-loan buying there is no requirement of (C) lease-loan buyers are not required to make (D) for the lease-loan buyer there is no requirement of (E) a lease-loan does not require the buyer to make 17. Native American burial sites dating back 5,000 years indicate that the residents of Maine at that time were part of a widespread culture of Algonquian-speaking people. (A) were part of a widespread culture of Algonquian-speaking people (B) had been part of a widespread culture of people who were Algonquian-speaking (C) were people who were part of a widespread culture that was Algonquian-speaking (D) had been people who were part of a widespread culture that was Algonquian-speaking (E) were a people which had been part of a widespread, Algonquian-speaking culture 18. Each of Hemingway's wives Hadley Richardson. Pauline Pfeiffer. Martha Gelhom. and Mary Welsh were strong and interesting women, very different from the often pallid women who populate his novels. (A) Each of Hemingway's wives Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhom, and Mary Welsh were strong and interesting women, (B) Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh each of them Hemingway's wives were strong and, interesting women, (C) Hemingway's wives Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhom, and Mary Welsh were all strong and interesting women, (D) Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhom, and Mary Welsh each a wife of Hemingway, was (E) Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhom, and Mary Welsh every one of Hemingway's wives were 19. In addition to having more protein -than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet. (A) the protein in rice is higher quality than that in (B) rice has protein of higher quality than that in (C) the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in (D) rice protein is higher in quality than it is in (E) rice has a protein higher in quality than 20. An array of tax incentives has led to a boom in the construction of new office buildings; so abundant has capital been for commercial real estate that investors regularly scour the country for areas in which to build. (A) so abundant has capital been for commercial real estate that (B) capital has been so abundant for commercial real estate, so that (C) the abundance of capital for commercial real estate has been such, (D) such has the abundance of capital been for commercial real estate that (E) such has been an abundance of capital for commercial real estate, 21. Defense attorneys have occasionally argued that their clients' misconduct stemmed from a reaction to something ingested, but in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy, the perpetrators are in effect told that they are not responsible for their actions. (A) in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy (B) if criminal or delinquent behavior is attributed to an allergy to some food 110 (C) in attributing behavior that is criminal or delinquent to an allergy to some food (D) if some food allergy is attributed as the cause of criminal or delinquent behavior (E) in attributing a food allergy as the cause of criminal or delinquent behavior 22. The voluminous personal papers of Thomas Alva Edison reveal that his inventions typically sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous works. (A) (A) sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly (B) sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but were slowly evolved (C) did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly (D) did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but had slowly evolved (E) did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but they were slowly evolved 23. A Labor Department study states that the numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force. (A) numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase (B) numbers of women employed outside the home grew more than thirty-five percent (C) numbers of women employed outside the home were raised by more than thirty-five percent (D) number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent (E) number of women employed outside the home was raised by more than a thirty-five percent increase 24. The first decision for most tenants living in a building undergoing being converted to cooperative ownership is if to sign a no-buy pledge with the other tenants. (A) being converted to cooperative ownership is if to sign (B) being converted to cooperative ownership is whether they should be signing (C) being converted to cooperative ownership is whether or not they sign (D) conversion to cooperative ownership is if to sign (E) conversion to cooperative ownership is whether to sign 25. The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and excited enormous interest whenever they were put on show. (A) excited (B) it excited (C) exciting (D) would excite (E) it had excited 26. Of all the possible disasters that threaten American agriculture, the possibility of an adverse change in climate is maybe the more difficult for analysis. (A) is maybe the more difficult for analysis (B) is probably the most difficult to analyze (C) is maybe the most difficult for analysis (D) is probably the more difficult to analyze (E) is, it may be, the analysis that is most difficult 27. Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists. Chandler Owen j and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader. (A) Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists. Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader. [...]... may have caused reversals in the Earth's magnetic field, the onset of ice ages, splitting apart continents 80 million years ago, and great volcanic eruptions (A) splitting apart continents (B) the splitting apart of continents (C) split apart continents (D) continents split apart (E) continents that were split apart 100 Wisconsin, Illinois, Florida, and Minnesota have begun to enforce statewide bans... pay-as-you-go approach 65 Critics of the trend toward privately operated prisons consider corrections facilities to be an integral part of the criminal justice system and question if profits should be made from incarceration (A) to be an integral part of the criminal justice system and question if (B) as an integral part of the criminal justice system and they question if (C) as being an integral part of the criminal... mental functions localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today (A) of there being different mental functions localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today (B) of different mental functions that are localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today (C) that different mental functions are localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted... damaging or slowing the growth of 54 Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly through the water as a person standing on land (A) water as a (B) water as to a (C) water; just as it would to a (D) water, as it would to the (E) water; just as to the 55 A recent study has found that... doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known that orbit 50 As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20 /50 0 or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision (A) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20 /50 0, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision... rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20 /50 0, or legally blind as an adult (C) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision would be rated about 20 /50 0; qualifying it to be legally blind if an adult (D) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20 /50 0; an adult with such vision would be deemed... rudimentary sense of vision, which would deemed legally blind for an adult, would be rated about 20 /50 0 51 While Jackie Robinson was a Brooklyn Dodger, his courage in the face of physical threats and verbal attacks was not unlike that of Rosa Parks, who refused to move to the back of a bus in Montgomery, 1 15 Alabama (A) not unlike that of Rosa Parks, who refused (B) not unlike Rosa Parks, who refused (C)... of the shift of light from a distant galaxy 58 William H Johnson's artistic debt to Scandinavia is evident in paintings that range from sensitive portraits of citizens in his wife's Danish home, Kerteminde, and awe-inspiring views of fjords and mountain peaks in the western and northern regions of Norway (A) and (B) to (C) and to (D) with (E) in addition to 59 In 1978 only half the women granted child... zone, and variations of (D) changes in the measured strain across a fault zone, and variations in (E) changes in measurements of the strain across a fault zone, and variations among 63 Health officials estimate that 35 million Africans are in danger of contracting trypanosomiasis, or "African sleeping sickness," a parasitic disease spread by the bites of tsetse flies (A) are in danger of contracting (B)... (D) suggests that the economy is continuing to expand into the coming months, but that (E) suggests that the economy will continue to expand in the coming months, but 29 In three centuries from 1 050 to 1 350 several million tons of stone were quarried in France for the building of eighty cathedrals, five hundred large churches, and some tens of thousands of parish churches (A) for the building of eighty . dating back 5, 000 years indicate that the residents of Maine at that time were part of a widespread culture of Algonquian-speaking people. (A) were part of. reporting the results of experiments involving particle accelerators. The explanation given is that fewer than usual particle accelerators were available for