I TO-INFINITIVE * Những động từ theo sau bởi TO-INFINITIVE: decide to quyết định pretend to giả vờ would like to hope to hi vọng expect to mong chờ be able to want to mean to muốn be wil[r]
GERUND AND TO-INFINITIVE I) GERUND : động từ theâm -ing * Những động từ theo sau GERUND: admit (thừa nhận) suggest (đề nghị) avoid (tránh) give up (bỏ) appreciate (đánh giá cao) hate (ghét) consider (cho ,xem là) imagine = fancy (tưởng tượng ) continue keep : tiếp tục deny (phủ nhận) mention (đề cập ,nói đến) delay (trì hỗn) mind (phản đối,phiền) detest = dislike : ko thích mean (invole) discuss (talk about) miss (nhớ /bỏ lỡ) dread: sợ) prefer (thích hơn) enjoy (thưởng thức) prevent (ngăn) escape (trốn postpone = put off (trì hỗn) finish (hồn thành) quit: từ bỏ forgive recall (gợi lại,nhớ lại) like / love / hate / enjoy / dislike + V-ing : sở thích risk : liều lĩnh recollect (hồi tưởng lại) regret (hối tiếc ,ân hận) resist ( ghịu được, chống lại) save start / begin support (ủng hộ) understand spend * Những thành ngữ với “go +V-ing”: Go camping (đi cắm trại) go shopping (đi mua sắm) go swimming Go dancing (đi khiêu vũ) go fishing (đi câu cá) go sightseeing * Preposition +gerund(giới từ +gerund): Be interested in (thích thú) think about (nghĩ về) apologize for (xin lỗi về) Insist on (khăng khăng về) talk about (nói về) instead of (thay vì) Be accustomed to look forward to ( mong đợi ) be familiar with be / get used to quen /thích nghi với * Những thành ngữ với gerund (expressions +gerund): - can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand = can’t resist (không thể chịu được) - it is no good / it is no use (vơ ích / khơng có ích) - there’s no point in … - What’s the point of… - would you mind + V-ing ? (xin ông làm ơn…) - you mind + V-ing ? (bạn có phiền không…) - have trouble (lo lắng, phiền muộn) - there is no… (khơng cịn cách) - be use to = get used to = be accustomed to : quen / thích nghi với… - Have a good time: vui vẻ - Have a hard time = have difficulty : gặp khó khăn - S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing : thích làm việc việc khác * Adjectives + gerund: Be busy + V-ing (bận rộn) be worth + V-ing (đáng ,xứng đáng) MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU BỞI TO-INFINITIVE VÀ GERUND ĐỀU ĐƯỢC (tùy theo nghĩa nó): 1) Regret/Remember/Forgot Regret /Remember/ Forgot + (Hối tiếc / nhớ / quên) V-ing: hành động khứ (đã xảy ra) Ex: I’ll never forget seeing him the first time (Tôi không quên lần gặp anh ta) I remember learning this lesson To +Vo: hành động tương lai Ex: Remember to invite her to the party (Hãy nhớ mời cô ta đến bữa tiệc ) Ex: I regret to say that I can’t help you 2) Stop/finish: V-ing : ngừng làm việc Ex:I stop working for a moment (Tôi ngừng làm việc lúc) Stop / finish + To-Vo :ngừng để làm việc khác Ex: I stop to eat (Tôi ngừng để ăn) 3) Try: V-ing : thử xem, thí nghiệm Ex:He tried gardening ,keeping pigs,but didn’t succeed in any of them.(Anh ta thử làm vườn nuôi heo, không thành công ) Try + To + Vo :cố gắng Ex: I will try to help you (Tôi cố gắng để giúp bạn) 4) mean + V-ing : nghĩa mean + to-Vo : muốn Ex: It means learning hard ( Điều có nghĩa học chăm) Do you mean to help him? ( Bạn có muốn giúp anh khơng?) 5) need / want + to-Vo (muốn, cần mang ý nghĩa chủ động) Need / want + V-ing (muốn, cần làm gì, mang ý nghĩa bị động) Ex: This tooth needs filling ( Cái cần trám) He needs to buy a book ( cần mua sách.) 6) MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TƯ CHỈ GIÁC QUAN: HEAR, SEE , FEEL(cảm thấy), NOTICE (nhận xét, để ý), WATCH, SMELL, … -Dùng Infinitive (Vo) : muốn ý vào hoàn tất hành động Ex:I hear him come in.(Tơi nghe nói vào rồi.) Vo -Dùng Gerund (V-ing) :khi muốn ý tiếp diễn hành động Ex: I see the dog running across the street V-ing (Tôi thấy chó chạy ngang qua đường) - Trong câu bị động : to + Vo Ex: He noticed the thief enter the room The thief was noticed to enter the room *NOTE: O + To + Vo Allow, permit Recommend + Advise (cho phép khuyên) V-ing Nếu thể bị động thêm “to” Ex: The teacher permitted going out The teacher permitted me to go out O to-V Ex: He was advised to go out 7) Đối với động từ ( begin, start, continue) ta thêm “to” hay “ing” không đổi nghĩa I) TO-INFINITIVE * Những động từ theo sau TO-INFINITIVE: decide to (quyết định) pretend to (giả vờ) would like to hope to (hi vọng) expect to (mong chờ) be able to want to mean to (muốn) be willing to ( sẵn sàng) need to try to (cố gắng) be going to ask to fail to (rớt) manage to ( xoay sở) demand to (yêu cầu)… deserve to (xứng đáng) volunteer to agree to (đồng ý) struggle to ( đấu tranh) appear to consent to (đồng ý) offer to (cung cấp/ cống hiến) warn to refuse to (từ chối) plan to (dự định) intend to beg to (cầu xin) care to (quan tâm) swear to (thề) claim to (đòi hỏi, thỉnh cầu) threaten to (đe dọa) promise to (hứa) hestiate to (do dự) afford to (đủ khả năng) learn to ( học) begin / start continue seem to - like / love / prefer : dùng để diễn tả việc thích muốn làm việc vào thời điểm cụ thể * Verb +O +To-infinitive: Want s.o to encourage s.o to Need s.o to remind s.o to ask s.o to (hỏi , nhờ) invite s.o to Would like s.o to permit s.o to advise s.o to (khuyên) allow s.o to tell s.o to (bảo) warn s.b to (cảnh báo) request s.o to (yêu cầu); order s.o to (ra lệnh) require s.o to (đòi hỏi) force s.o to order s.o to (ra lệnh) Ex: She advises me to leave here early II BARE-INFINITIVE (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU KHÔNG TO) Dùng sau động từ khiếm khuyết ( will, shall, can, may, might, must, should = had better) Ex: You must keep silent in class Sau động từ Have / let / make / help + O + Vo Ex: The teacher makes us this exercise Nhưng đổi sang bị động ta phải thêm to Ex: We are made to this exercise Sau động từ cảm quan Find/ catch / see / feel / hear / watch / notice / smell + Vo Note: Đối với động từ cảm quan (Find/ catch / see / feel / hear / watch / notice / smell) + Nếu hành động diễn ta dùng V-ing + Nếu hành động chấm dứt ta dùng Vo + Nếu thể bị động dùng “to + Vo” would rather + Vo : muốn had better + Vo : nên It is easy (be) wise after the event Do you (wish) (make) a complaint? We don’t (want) anybody (know) that we are here IF you can’t (remember) his number you’d better (look) it up I want her (learn) Esperanto; I think everybody ought to (know) it He is said (be) the best surgeon in the country Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please? I’m afraid Mr Pitt isn’t in Would you like (speak) with his secretary? It’d better (travel) hopefully than (arrive) 10 He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn’t you had better (show) him 11 He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt 12 I heard the door (open) and saw the shadow (move) across the floor 13 He tried (make) me (believe) that he wasn’t my stepmother 14 As we seem (miss) the train we may as well (go) back to the house 15 I felt the house (shake) with the explosion 16 He told me (try) (come) early 17 Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what we had seen 18 Would you (like) (come) in my car? No, thanks, I’d rather (walk) 19 I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off 20 It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) in under your bed is an old stocking 21 He doesn’t even bother (read) letters, let alone (answer) them 22 The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe 23 If you knew he was wrong, why didn’t you (say) something?I didn’t like him (say) anything because he always gets angry if you contradict him 24 It’s better (be) to sure than sorry 25 What you (want0 me (tell) him? Tell him that any time he cares (call) I shall be delighted (discuss) the matter with him 26 Did you remember (give) him the money? No, I didn’t I still have it in my pocket; but I’ll (see) him tonight and I promise (not forget) this time 27 I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes 28 This is far too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you 29 I was afraid (pick) up the revolver as I don’t know how (handle) firearms 30 I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames Her advice made him his mind A change B to change C changing D changed It’s very me with money A kind for you to help B kind to you helping C kind of you helping D kind of you to help It was a nice day, so we decided for awalk A to have B to go C going D having May I in? A to come B coming C came D come Let’s for a walk A go B to go C going D went They want by air because it is much faster than other means of transfort A travel B travelling C travelled D to travel It’s impolite people about their salary A asked B to ask C asking D ask Don’t in class, students! A talking B to talk C talk D talked You had better harder A to work B working C worked D work 10 We should read different kinds of books our general knowledge A to widen B widen C widened D widening 11 the exams, students have to learn hard A To pass B Passed C Pass D Passing 12 Would you like your holiday with my family in Brazil? A spend B to spend C spending D spent 13 She used ………………………………as a typist A to working B work C working D to work 14 He let the letter ……………………………… on to the floor A fall B falls C falling D.fell 15 Mr Smith decided ……………………… a new TV A to buy B buying C bought D to be bought 16 Don’t forget ……………………… home as soon as you arrive at your destination A to call B calling C having called D to be called 17 Jack made me ……………………… him next week A to promise to call B to promise calling C promise to call D promise calling 18 What makes you ……………………… so ? A think B to think C thinking D having thought 19 Please let me ……………………… when you can come A to know B knowing C know D have known 20 What would you like ………………………for your breakfast ? A eating B to be eaten C to eat D to have eaten 21 I’d like when I am sixty years old A to rest B to stop C to retire D to relax CUÏ M ĐỘ N G TỪ – PHRASAL VERBS turn on : bật turn off : tắt turn down : từ chối,vặn nhỏ turn up : đến, vặn to lên give up : từ bỏ get up : thức giấc wake up : tỉnh giấc take off : cất cánh, cởi put on : mặt vào see out see off put off look for look after look up look out go on go off : hoàn tất : đưa tiễn : hỗn lại : tìm kiếm : chăm sóc : tra từ : coi chừng : tiếp tục : vang lên find out : tìm get over : vượt qua keep on / carry on: tiếp tục carry out : thục try on : thử break down : bị hư, hỏng grow up: trưởng thành GIỚ I TỪ – PREPOSITIONS of: be aware of, take care of = look after, plenty of, variety of, be scared of, kind of, be fond of, proud of in: take part in = participate in = join in, be interested in, in January (tháng), in 2008 (năm), in the morning (buổi), in 21st century, in the Middle Ages (vào thời Trung Cổ) on: on TV, on Monday (ngày), on February 24th (ngày tháng) at: at night, at noon, at midnight, at the weekend/ at weekends, at Christmas, at Easter, at the moment,/ at present, at o’clock (thời gian), at recess, at our place, good at … (giỏi môn…), at the back of the … to: add … to … (theâm … vào…)/ It’s boring to me./ thanks to: nhờ vào… to be concerned about sth: quan tâm, lo ngại đến… / to hear about sth: nghe veà…./ excited about It’s time for recess./ be good for…: toát cho… learn about s.th: học về/ learn to + V0 : học làm…/ live with s.b: sống với… be different from : khác với / prevent … from…: ngăn chặn… khỏi… ... out 7) Đối với động từ ( begin, start, continue) ta thêm “to” hay “ing” không đổi nghĩa I) TO -INFINITIVE * Những động từ theo sau TO -INFINITIVE: decide to (quyết định) pretend to (giả vờ) would... ĐỘNG TƯ CHỈ GIÁC QUAN: HEAR, SEE , FEEL(cảm thấy), NOTICE (nhận xét, để ý), WATCH, SMELL, … -Dùng Infinitive (Vo) : muốn ý vào hoàn tất hành động Ex:I hear him come in.(Tơi nghe nói vào rồi.) Vo...MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU BỞI TO -INFINITIVE VÀ GERUND ĐỀU ĐƯỢC (tùy theo nghĩa nó): 1) Regret/Remember/Forgot Regret /Remember/ Forgot