Tài liệu Laboratory Exercises— Applications and IP Multicast pdf

A Laboratory Exercises— Applications and IP Multicast Overview In these exercises, you will explore some basic multicast concepts via simple IP multicast applications that have been in usage for several years and are known as Mbone tools. The Mbone was the original implementation of IP multicast on the Internet. In these exercises all the hosts (your PCs) are connected to the same LAN—no multicast routing is needed at this stage. It includes the following exercises: ■ Laboratory Exercise A-1: Session Announcements ■ Laboratory Exercise A-2: Audioconferencing (RAT) and Whiteboarding (WB) A-2 Laboratory Exercises— Applications and IP Multicast Copyright  2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. Laboratory Exercise A-1: Session Announcements Objective The objectives of this laboratory exercise are: ■ With a short overview and some experimentation with the IP multicast SDR application from the Mbone tool set you will learn how session announcements are used and how actual multicast applications (for example, audioconferencing and whiteboarding) are started. ■ You will create and observe your own sessions. Prerequisites The software for the next exercises is already installed on the workgroup PCs. Installed MBone applications can also be found on the following URL: http://www-mice.cs.ucl.ac.uk/multimedia/software/ Note The current version of these tools will not run on Windows`95 platform unless it has the “Winsock2 Upgrade for Windows95” which is available from Microsoft at: http://www.microsoft.com/windows95/downloads/contents/wuadmintools/s_wunet workingtools/w95sockets2/ Task 1: Multicast Session Directory (SDR) SDR is a session directory tool designed to allow the advertisement and joining to multicast conferences. Step 1 For this exercise launch the SDR application from Start->Programs->Mbone Tools->sdr menu or launch C:\Program Files\Mbone\sdr.exe from the command line or "Microsoft Explorer" and observe the multicast sessions that are being advertised on the network. After starting the SDR application, a similar display to Figure 1 will appear. SDR listens and announces multicast sessions on the 224.2.127.254 address and UDP port 9875. Note The latest tools that use the SAP (Session Announcement Protocol) and comply with the administratively scoped addresses (RFC-2365) also use the 239.255.255.255 multicast group address for these announcements. When you quit SDR each of the sessions are saved as a special file in the "cache" subdirectory. The SDR reads this file at startup time and displays the sessions immediately instead of waiting for the periodic announcements. Copyright  2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. A-3 Figure 1: SDR—Main window Step 2 After clicking the Preferences button the preferences menu is displayed, as shown in Figure 2: Figure 2: SDR—Preferences menu Under the Sessions tab, select which multicast sessions are to be displayed in the SDR main window. If the Interface tabisselected,thefollowingscreen,asshowninFigure3,is displayed. This screen allows you to toggle between the normal and advanced user display modes. If the Technical interface in the Create session section is selected, access to advanced options creating multicast sessions is provided. Make sure the Technical Interface radio button is selected in the View Session. A-4 Laboratory Exercises— Applications and IP Multicast Copyright  2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. Figure 3: SDR—Interfaces tab If the Tools tab is selected, as shown in Figure 4, the media format associations are displayed. Click the application in Available Tools column to disable or enable it. Figure 4: SDR—Tools tab Under the You tab, as shown in Figure 5, various personal information about yourself can be entered. This information is used when you choose to participate in a multicast session using RAT, WB or some other multicast tool. Enter, for example, your name followed by your workgroup number in the Name input box. Copyright  2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. A-5 Figure 5: SDR—You tab In the next example you will learn how to create a new multicast session and advertise it in your network. Step 3 Select the New button on the top of the SDR window and then select Create advertised session from the menu, as shown in Figure 6. Figure 6: SDR—Creating a new session After the Create advertised session is selected from the New menu, the Create New Session dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 7. This is where the session information is provided. Specify the session name and description. A-6 Laboratory Exercises— Applications and IP Multicast Copyright  2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. Figure 7: SDR—Create New Session—Information dialog box Click the Next>> button to move to the session type dialog box, as shown in Figure 8. For testing purposes select Test. However, for non-interactive sessions, such as radio broadcasts or a Meeting type of session for interactive sessions such as video conferencing, Broadcast can also be selected. Figure 8: SDR—Create New Session—Type dialog box Click the Next>> button to move to the session timing dialog box, as shown in Figure 9. This is where the session schedule will be defined. Copyright  2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. A-7 Figure 9: SDR—Create New Session—Timing dialog box Click the Next>> button to move to the Distribution Scope dialog box, as shown in Figure 10. Select the IPv4 Local Scope, as you only want to forward the announcement in your local network (TTL=1). Figure 10: SDR—Create New Session—Distribution scope dialog box Select IPv4 Region (TTL=63) or IPv4 World (TTL=127) if the session announcement is to be sent to a broader scope of people. A-8 Laboratory Exercises— Applications and IP Multicast Copyright  2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. Note To configure the administration scoping you have to manually edit the sdr.tcl file. Click the Next>> button to move to the media selection dialog box, as shown in Figure 11. Select the audio and whiteboard tools, as these will be used in the lab. Select the protocol and format for the selected media. Figure 11: SDR—Create New Session—Media selection dialog box Click the Next>> button to move to the Contact Details dialog box, as shown in Figure 12. Specify your email address and/or your telephone number so that someone who might have some problems with the session can contact you. Figure 12: SDR—Create New Session—Contact details dialog box Copyright  2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. A-9 Click the Next>> button to move to the session security dialog box, as shown in Figure 13. No authentication or encryption will be used for these sessions; therefore do not specify any data in this dialog box. Figure 13: SDR—Create New Session—Security parameters dialog box Click the Next>> button to move to the last dialog box which displays the created session details, as shown in Figure 14. Figure 14: SDR—Create New Session—Session configuration review dialog box A-10 Laboratory Exercises— Applications and IP Multicast Copyright  2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. Review the session information to ensure it is correct and press the Accept button. If it is incorrect change the session information by clicking on the <<Back button until you access the dialog box where the information needs to be changed. Now that the session has been created wait for a while to receive session announcements from the other groups. When you click on a session announcement the Session Information dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 15. This is where you can review the session information, join the session, edit the session data, or delete the session if the session was created by you. Figure 15: SDR—Session Information [...]... operation of a PIM Sparse Mode I Monitor the creation of multicast state in each of the routers Command List Use the following commands to complete this exercise: Command Description ip multicast- routing ip pim sparse-mode ip pim spt-threshold ip pim rp-address show ip pim interface show ip pim neighbors show ip rpf sh ip pim rp show ip mroute Enables IP multicast routing support Configures PIM sparse mode... following commands to complete this exercise: Command Description show ip pim neighbors show ip mroute Shows information about the PIM neighbors Displays the contents of the IP multicast routing table Deletes entries from the IP multicast routing table Displays RPF information clear ip mroute show ip rpf Table 6: Basic IP multicast show commands Task 1: Monitor the network with active multicast source and no... their presence and when they decide to leave the multicast group in order to get the idea about IGMP and how it works Most of the tests will be done with a multicast group 224.1.2.3 Command List Use the following commands to complete this exercise: Command Description ip multicast- routing ip pim dense-mode show ip pim interface debug ip igmp Enables IP multicast routing support Configures PIM Dense mode... forwards the traffic for it) show ip igmp interface show ip igmp groups [no] ip igmp join-group group [no] ip igmp static-group group Table 5: Basic IP multicast and IGMP commands Task 1: Configuring IP multicast support Step 1 Configure ip multicast routing on every router in your workgroup and PIM dense mode on every connected interface including Loopback 1 interface on R2 and R4 This configuration is... workgroup and inspect the routing tables in your routers Use the show ip route command I Step 5 The OSPF routing protocol is configured Use the show ip protocols and show ip ospf commands The bandwidths on all the serial interfaces are configured to 64 (Kbits/s) and on all Ethernets (10 or 100) they are set to 10000 (Kbits/s) Use the bandwidth command Check the IP addresses on router emulating the source and. .. Cisco Systems, Inc C-27 Laboratory Exercise C-3: PIM Dense Mode Protocol Mechanics Objective The objective of this laboratory exercise is to explore the details of a PIM Dense Mode, its protocol mechanics and timers via extensive debugging Command List Use the following commands to complete this exercise: Command Description debug ip mrouting debug ip pim Displays changes to the IP multicast forwarding... tool Select different shapes and colors from the menu on the right to draw different shapes on the whiteboard with the mouse Note A-12 The whiteboard tool uses a form of reliable multicast (SRM—Scalable Reliable Multicast) to ensure that all the participants receive the necessary data Laboratory Exercises— Applications and IP Multicast Copyright  2000, Cisco Systems, Inc B Laboratory Exercise— Initial... the ip igmp join-group and ip igmp static-group is that, in the first case the router is actually the multicast receiver and processes multicast packets However, in the latter case the router only forwards multicast packets for the group The ip igmp join-group results in the router having to process each incoming multicast packet addressed to this group This results in a performance degradation and. .. need for this multicast traffic (i.e ip sdr listen command which results in router joining the multicast group 224.2.127.254 ) Verify counters for the multicast groups Pay attention to router R3 Help with a partial picture of the network as shown in Figure 19 Verification I Use the show ip mroute count command on router R3 to view output similar to the following: R3#show ip mroute count IP Multicast Statistics... Concepts and Working Laboratory Exercise C-3: PIM Dense Mode Protocol Mechanics Laboratory Exercises—IGMP Concepts and PIM Dense Mode Copyright  2000, Cisco Systems, Inc Laboratory Exercise C-1: IGMP Concepts and Working Objective The objective of this laboratory exercise is to: I Observe the periodic sending of IGMP packets in your network before and after the receivers announce their presence and when . A Laboratory Exercises— Applications and IP Multicast Overview In these exercises, you will explore some basic multicast concepts via simple IP multicast. multicast session name and its IP address is displayed, as well as the port and TTL information. A-12 Laboratory Exercises— Applications and IP Multicast Copyright