FinancialFormulaSheet
1. Compounding and Discounting
A. Compounding factor (future value of an interest factor r% for
time t):
B. Discount factor (present value of an interest factor r% for
time t):
C. Future annuity factor (future value of an annuity factor for r%
for n periods):
D. Present value annuity factor (present value of an annuity
factor for r% for n periods):
E. Net Present Value (NPV) of a project:
F. Value of the firm:
G. Dividend discount model for the share price (S
0
):
H. Real interest rate:
I. Spot or zero-coupon rates (Z
i
) derived from the par yield
curve:
2. Expected Value
3. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Arbitrage Pricing
Theory (APT)
A. CAPM:
B. Capital structure effect on firm beta ( ):
C. APT:
4. Currency Relationships
A. Interest rate parity:
B. Purchasing power parity:
C. Expectations theory:
D. International Fisher effect:
5. Statistical Measures
A. Mean ( ):
B. Standard deviation ( ):
C. Kurtosis (K):
D. Skewness (S):
E. Covariance (
ab
):
F. Correlation coefficient (ρ
ab
):
6. Portfolio Model
A. Portfolio expected return ρ
p
B. Portfolio risk ρ
p
for 2-asset portfolio:
C. Portfolio risk ρ
p
for m-asset portfolio:
D. Minimum variance portfolio weights for 2-asset portfolio:
7. Credit Assessment Models
A. DuPont Model:
B. Altman's Z-score model (USA):
C. Taffler–Tisshaw's Z-score model (UK):
. Financial Formula Sheet
1. Compounding and Discounting
A. Compounding factor (future