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phân tử Natri chưa phản ứng.. Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995.[r]

THÍ THÍ NGHIỆM NGHIỆM 10 10 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 1.Phản ứng carbon và oxy C + O2 CO2 C O2 + Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 C Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 O2 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 CO2 phân tử cacbon chưa phản ứng Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 CO2 2.Phản ứng Natri và oxy 4Na + O2 2Na2O + O2 Na Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 to + O2 Na Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 phân tử Natri chưa phản ứng Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 phân tử Natrioxit Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 phân tử Natrioxit Thí nghiệm nghiệm 10 10 Thí Phản ứng đồng(II) oxit và hyđro Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 H2 H Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 CuO CuO CuO CuO H2 H + Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 ttoo + Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 oo t t H2 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 CuO Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 + Cu H2O 4.Phản ứng hydro và oxy 2H2 + O2 2H2O + 2H2 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 O2 to + 2H2 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 O2 to Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 2H2O 5.Phản ứng sắt và axit clohydric Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 + Fe Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 2HCl + Fe Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 2HCl Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 H CH3 Chirality * *  H CH3 H OH * * H OH Take the molecule on the left and make its mirror image H CH3 * * H CH3 H OH H HO * * Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 H CH3 Chirality * *  H CH3 * H * OH H OH Flipping the reflection does not give a super-imposable compound! H CH3 H CH3 * * H OH H HO * * Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 H CH3 * * H OH Chirality H CH3 * *  H CH3 * H * OH H OH Flipping the reflection does not give a super-imposable compound! H CH3  The methyl groups not line up Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 * * H OH Chirality H CH3 * *     H CH3 H OH * * H OH These are examples of yet another type of isomer! They are optically active (ie chiral) But they are not mirror images They are called diasteriomers Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Chirality H CH3 * *  H OH * * H OH The situation is actually a little more complex as there is another chiral carbon in the molecule   H CH3 Can you find it? For ‘n’ chiral carbons in a molecule there are up to ‘2n’ optical isomers Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 H CH3 Chirality Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 * * H CH3 H OH * * H OH Chirality - Racemates    What happens when HBr is added to the alkene 1-butene? An addition reaction occurs The product is 2-bromobutane   (The Markovnikov product) Is the product optically active? Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Chirality - Racemates  The result is an addition which gives a chiral carbon Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Chirality - Racemates  The result is an addition which gives a chiral carbon H C H C CH2 CH3 HBr H Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 H Br H C C* CH2 CH3 H H Chirality - Racemates  But in fact the addition can occur from either side! H C H  C CH2 CH3 HBr H H Br H C C* CH2 CH3 H H H Both compounds H are optically active, but the mixture is not Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 C CH2 CH3 * C H H Br Chirality - Racemates    A mixture that contains both enantiomers is called racemic Most chemical reactions produce racemic mixtures Most biochemical reactions produce only one optical isomer and are not racemic Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Chirality - Review    Compounds can be chiral if there is a carbon which has four different groups Chiral compounds are said to be optically active as they can rotate the plane of polarised light Enantiomers are non superimposable mirror images Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995 Chirality - Review   Diasteriomers are optically active compounds which are not mirror images of each other Diasteriomers must have at least two chiral carbons Copyright Steven Bottle, Chemistry, QUT, 1995