Electrical engineer portable handbook
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER’S PORTABLE HANDBOOK 10594_Hickey_fm_f.qxd 8/19/03 10:26 AM Page i This page intentionally left blank. ELECTRICAL ENGINEER’S PORTABLE HANDBOOK ROBERT B. HICKEY, P.E. Electrical Engineer SECOND EDITION McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto 10594_Hickey_fm_f.qxd 8/19/03 10:26 AM Page iii Copyright © 2004, 1999 by The McGraw-HIll Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data- base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-143349-X The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-141820-2. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales pro- motions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS”. McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUAR- ANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMA- TION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the func- tions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inac- curacy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of lia- bility shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DOI: 10.1036/007143349X ebook_copyright 6x9.qxd 10/20/03 11:19 AM Page 1 To Vandi Lynn Larson, my stepdaughter, in loving memory. 10594_Hickey_fm_f.qxd 8/19/03 10:26 AM Page v This page intentionally left blank. Contents Acknowledgments xi Credits xiii Preface to the Second Edition xv Introduction: How to Use This Book xvii Chapter 1. General Information 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Checklists 1 1.2 Electrical Symbols and Mounting Heights 19 1.3 NEMA Device Configurations 33 1.4 IEEE Standard Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers and Contact Designations 35 1.5 NEMA Standard Enclosures 58 1.6 Formulas and Terms 61 1.7 Typical Equipment Sizes and Weights 62 1.8 Seismic Requirements 62 Chapter 2. National Electrical Code (NEC) Articles, Tables, and Data 69 2.0 Working Space About Electric Equipment 69 2.1 Over 600 Volts, Nominal 80 2.2 Overcurrent Protection Standard Ampere Ratings 82 2.3 NEC Article 240.21: Location in Circuit (Feeder Tap Rules) 84 2.4 NEC Article 310: Conductors for General Wiring 92 vii 10594_Hickey_fm_f.qxd 8/19/03 10:26 AM Page vii For more information about this title, click here. Copyright 2004, 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use. 2.5 NEC Chapter 9 Tables (Partial) 110 2.6 NEC Appendix C (Partial) 123 Chapter 3. Service and Distribution 159 3.0 Primary and Secondary Service and System Configurations 159 3.1 Preliminary Load Calculations 170 3.2 Secondary Voltage Selection 181 3.3 Short-Circuit Calculations 182 3.4 Selective Coordination of Overcurrent-Protective Devices 204 3.5 Component Short-Circuit Protection 217 3.6 Transformer Electrical Characteristics 238 3.7 Transformer Thermal and Sound Characteristics 254 3.8 Motor Feeders and Starters 256 3.9 Standard Voltages and Voltage Drop 265 3.10 Three-Phase Feeder Size Schedule 311 Chapter 4. Grounding and Ground Fault Protection 313 4.0 Grounding 313 4.1 Ground Fault Protection 325 4.2 Lightning Protection 331 Chapter 5. Emergency and Standby Power Systems 339 5.0 General Need for Emergency and Standby Power Systems 339 5.1 Emergency/Standby Power Source Options 349 5.2 Typical Emergency/Standby System Arrangements 363 5.3 Generator and Generator Set Sizing 373 5.4 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Systems 386 Chapter 6. Lighting 403 6.0 Measuring Light and Illumination Terms 403 6.1 How to Select the Recommended Illuminance Level 407 viii Contents 10594_Hickey_fm_f.qxd 8/19/03 10:26 AM Page viii . ELECTRICAL ENGINEER S PORTABLE HANDBOOK 10594_Hickey_fm_f.qxd 8/19/03 10:26 AM Page i This page intentionally left blank. ELECTRICAL ENGINEER S PORTABLE. of the Electrical Engineer s Portable Handbook includes a number of significant updates and a few worthy additions and enhancements. All National Electrical