TÓM tắt NGỮ PHÁP môn TIẾNG ANH THCS CỰC HAY

TĨM TẮT NGỮ PHÁP MƠN TIẾNG ANH THCS CHUN ĐỀ ƠN TẬP VỀ THÌ (TENSES) TENSES USE SIGNAL WORDS EXAMPLES SIMPLE PRESENT (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) Động từ thường +: S + V / V(s/es) + O -: S + don’t/ doesn’t + V + O ?: Do / Does + S + V …? Động từ to be: - S + am/ is / are … - thói quen - thật, chân lý - always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never, every…, normally, regularly, occasionally, as a rule … - She often goes to school late - I often go to school late - The sun rises in the east PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) +: S + am/is/are + V-ing -:S + am/ is/are+not+V- ing ?: Am / Is /Are + S + V-ing? - hành động diễn vào lúc nói - dự định thực tương lai gần - hành động có tính chất tạm thời - at the moment, now, right now, at present - Look! - Listen! - Be quiet! - Keep silence! Note: số động từ thường khơng dùng với tiếp diễn: like, dislike, hate, love, want, prefer, admire, believe, understand, remember, forget, know, belong, taste, smell, be - I can’t answer the phone I’m having a bath - She is going to the cinema tonight - He often goes to work by car, but today he is taking a bus - hành động bắt đầu khứ, kéo dài đến tiếp tục tương lai - hành động vừa xảy - lately, recently (gần đây) - so far, up to now, up to the present (cho tới bây giờ) - already, ever, never, just, yet, for + khoảng th/g, since + mốc th/g - how long … - This is the first time/second time… - many times / several times - yesterday, last week, last month, …ago, in 1990, in the past, … - I have learnt English for five years - at that time, at (9 o’clock) last night, at this time ( - He was doing his homework at Yes, + S + am/is/are No, + S + am/is/are (not) I + am he, she, it, N+ is we, you, they, Ns + are PRESENT PERFECT (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH) +: S + has / have +V(ed/ P2) -:S + has / have+not+V (ed/ P2) ?: Has/Have + S + V (ed/ P2)? I,you,we,they,Ns+have He,she,it,N+has SIMPLE PAST (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) +: S + V(ed/p1) + O -: S + didn’t + V + O ?: Did + S + V ….? - hành động xảy chấm dứt thời điểm xác định khứ - chuỗi hành động xảy liên tục khứ - thói quen khứ PAST PROGRESSIVE (QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) - hành động xảy thời điểm - She has just received a letter from her father - She went to London last year - The man came to the door, unlocked it, entered the room, went to the bed and laid down on it - When we were students, we often went on a picnic every weekend +: S + was / were + V-ing -: S + was / were + not + V-ing ?: Was / Were + S + V-ing…? We, you, they, Ns + were I, he, she, it, N + was xác định khứ past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành) - Hành động xẩy trước hành động khác trước thời điểm khứ + S + had + V (ed/p2) + O last week) o’clock last night - When I was doing exercise, my mom called me -The children were playing football while their mother was cooking the meal - Already, ever, never, before, by the time, after, until, when… - When I arrived at the party, they had already left - hành động diễn có hành động khác xen vào - hai hành động xảy đồng thời khứ - QKĐ + after + QKHTQKHT + when/before+ QKĐ -: S + hadn’t + V (ed/p2) + O By the time ?: Had + S + V (ed/p2) + O? - I had complete the English course by 1999 SIMPLE FUTURE (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN) +: S + will / shall + V… -: S + will / shall + not + V (won’t / shan’t + V) ?: Will / Shall + S + V …? - hành động xảy tương lai - định đưa vào lúc nói - tomorrow, next, in 2030, … - I think / guess - I am sure / I am not sure - He will come back tomorrow - The phone is ringing I will answer it future continuous (Tuong lai tiep dien) - hành động tiếp diễn tương lai - tomorrow, next, in 2030, … - I think / guess - I am sure / I am not sure - At 10 a’clock tomorrow, he will be working + S + will + be + Ving + O - S + will not + be + Ving + O ? Will + S + be + Ving + O? - hành động xảy tương lai, có hành động khác xen vào, hành động xảy dung tương lai tiếp diễn, hành động xen vào dung tai đơn - I will be travelling in Ha Noi when you arrive here Lưu ý cách dùng Be going to + V - diễn tả dự định đặt trước Ex: She is going to buy a new computer (She has saved for a year) - diễn tả dự đốn có Ex: The sky is absolutely dark It is going to rain Note: - hai hành động xảy khứ: hành động ngắn dùng khứ đơn, hành động dài dùng khứ tiếp diễn Ex: Yesterday morning, I met my friend while I was going to school hành động xảy trước dùng q khứ hồn thành, hành động xảy sau dùng khứ đơn Ex: She went out with her friends after she had finished her homework She had finished her homework before she went out with her friends hịa hợp mệnh đề mệnh đề thời gian: TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ I will wait here until she co mes back TLĐ + after + HTHT He will go home after he has finished his work while / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ While I was going to school, I met my friend QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD It started to rain while the boys were playing football QKTD + while + QKTD Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games HTHT + since + QKĐ I have worked here since I graduted After + QKHT, QKĐ After I had finished my homework, I went to bed When/ Before / By the time + QKĐ + QKHT Before/ By the time she had dinner, she had written letter - CHUYÊN ĐỀ BỊ ĐỘNG (PASSIVE VOICE): dấu hiệu: Câu viết lại bị đổi chủ ngữ Quy tắc: Phải thêm Be/ Been chia động từ tobe với Phân từ A CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG S+V+O Active: Công thức tổng quát: - Các đơn: S(o) + BE + V(ed/p2) + BY + O (s) (ed/p2) (ed/p2) - Các hồn thành : Have/ has/ had + “BEEN” + V (ed/p2) - Các động từ khuyết thiếu: Khuyết thiếu + “BE” + V (ed/p2) - Các tiếp diễn : Passive: Be + V Be + “BEING” + V B CÔNG THỨC ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE TENSE PRESENT SIMPLE (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) The teacher punishes me The teacher punishes the boy The teacher punishes the boys I am punished by the teacher The boy is punished by the teacher The boys are punished by the teacher PRESENT CONTINUOUS (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) S + Vo/Vs/Ves + O The teacher is punishing me The teacher is punishing the boy The teacher is punishing the boys O + am/is/are + V (ed/p2) + (by S) I am being punished by the teacher The boy is being punished by the teacher The boys are being punished by the teacher S + am/is/are + Ving + O The teacher punished me The teacher punished the boys O + am/ is/ are + being + V (ed/p2) + (by S) I was punished by the teacher The boys were punished by the teacher S + V(ed/ p1 ) + O The teacher was punishing me The teacher was punishing the boys O + was/ were + V (ed/p2) + (by S) I was being punished by the teacher The boys were being punished by the teacher S + was/ were + Ving + O The teacher has punished me The teacher has punished the boy S + has/ have + V (ed/p2) + O The teacher had punished me The teacher had punished the boys O + was/ were + Being + V (ed/p2) + (by S) I have been punished by the teacher The boy has been punished by the teacher O + has/ have + been+ V (ed/p2) + (by S) I had been punished by the teacher The boys had been punished by the teacher S + had + V (ed/p2) + O O + had been + V (ed/p2) + (by S) PAST SIMPLE (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) PAST CONTINUOUS (QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) PRESENT PERFECT (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH) PAST PERFECT (QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH) FUTURE SIMPLE (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN) GOING TO FUTURE (TƯƠNG LAI GẦN) CONDITIONA L (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) 10 MODALS (ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU) The teacher will punish me The teacher will punish the boys I will be punished by the teacher The boys will be punished by the teacher S + will + V(inf) + O O + will + be + V(ed/p2) + (by S) The teacher is going to punish me I am going to be punished by the teacher The teacher is going to punish the boys The boys are going to be punished by the teacher S + am/is/are + Going to +V(inf)+ O O+ am/is/are+Going to be+ V(ed/p2) +(byS) The teacher would punish me I would be punished by the teacher The teacher would punish the boys The boys would be punished by the teacher S + would + V(inf) + O O + would + be+ V (ed/p2) + ( by S) The teacher can punish me The teacher could punish me The teacher may punish me The teacher might punish me The teacher must punish me The teacher had to punish me The teacher shall punish me The teacher should punish me The teacher ought to punish me S + can/may/must… + V(inf) + O I can be punished by the teacher I could be punished by the teacher I may be punished by the teacher I might be punished by the teacher I must be punished by the teacher I had to be punished by the teacher I shall be punished by the teacher I should be punished by the teacher I ought to be punished by the teacher O + can/may/must…+ be + V (ed/p2) + (byS) Note: - Trạng từ nơi chốn đứng trước O + by; trạng từ thời gian đứng sau by + O VD: He was showed to the cinema by an old man He was showed to the cinema by an old man yesterday - Nếu chủ ngữ câu chủ động từ phủ định đổi sang câu bị động phủ định VD: Nobody likes him => He isn’t liked - Các chủ từ someone, anyone, people, he, she, we, you, I, they … câu chủ động bỏ “by + O” câu bị động (VD: We grew rice last year => Rice was grown (by us) last year CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU ƯỚC (WISH) 1) Mong ước không thật tại: KĐ: S1 + wish (es) + S2 + V(ed/ P1) (to be: were / weren’t) PĐ: S1 + wish(es) + S2 + didn’t + V(inf) Ex: Ben isn’t here I wish Ben were here I wish I could swim I wish he didn’t that 2) Mong ước không thật tương lai KĐ: S1+ wish(es) + S2 + would/could + V(inf) PĐ: S1 + wish(es) + S2 + wouldn’t/couldn’t + V(inf) Ex: I wish you would stop smoking Note: S + wish(es) thay If only Ex: I wish I weren’t so fat = If only I weren’t so fat 3) Mong ước không thật khứ (hối tiếc) KĐ: S1 + wish(es) + S2 + had + V(ed/P2) PĐ: S1 + wish(es) + S2 + hadn’t + V(ed/ P2 Ex: She failed her exam last year She wishes she hadn’t failed her exam last year CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN ( CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IF…) a) Type 1: Điều kiện xảy tương lai (dấu hiệu: vế có chia Tương lai: Will, May) If HTD Main clause - S + V(s/es) + O - S + will, can, may + V(inf) + O - S + am/ is/ are (not) (won’t, can’t, may not) VD: If it is hot tomorrow, I will go swimming // If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go swimming b) Type 2: điều kiện khơng có thật (dấu hiệu: vế chia khứ đơn,) If clause Main clause - S + V(ed/P1) + O BE: S + were - S + would, could, should + V + O VD: If I were you, I wouldn’t that (Sự thật: Tôi bạn) If I had enough money, I would buy a car (Sự thật: Tôi không đủ tiền nên giấc mơ giấc mơ) c) Type 3: điều kiện khơng có thật khứ (Hối tiếc làm gì) If clause Main clause S + had + V(ed/ P2 ) + O S + would / could / should + have + V(ed/ P2 ) + O (wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + V(ed/ P2 ) VD: If you hadn’t belonged to someone, our love would have become true (Sự thật: Anh thuộc người khác lâu rồi, nên tình cảm không thành) d )Những cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện: Unless = If ….not - If she doesn’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living = Unless she works hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living (Bỏ If, Bỏ don’t doesn’t Lấy V chia lại theo chủ ngữ) - If it isn’t hot, I will go swimming = Unless it is hot, I will go swimming (Bỏ If, Bỏ NOT sau Be, để nguyên BE được) Note: Có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà khơng cần dùng if hay unless cách đảo ngữ Were I rich, I would help you = If I were rich, I would help you Had I known her, I would have made friend with her = If I had known her, I would have made friend with her Should you run into Peter, tell him to call me = If you should run into Peter, tell him to call me CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT (REPORTED SPEECH) dấu hiệu: Có dấu “……” Quy tắc: Phải lùi )Thay đổi Thành phần: Nhớ Biến đổi cột với Đổi Chủ ngữ Đổi Tân Ngữ Đổi Tính từ sở hữu I She He You (Đứng đầu câu) We They 2) Thay đổi THÌ (LÙI THÌ) Thay đổi câu: me her him you (đứng câu, sau V) us them my her his your our their Thì động từ lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo nguyên tắc chung lùi Câu trực tiếp Hiện đơn Ex: “I work for a post office”, she said Câu gián tiếp -> Quá khứ đơn She said she worked for a post office Hiện tiếp diễn Ex: “I am feeling ill” Tom said to me -> Quá khứ tiếp diễn Tom told me that he was feeling ill Hiện hoàn thành Ex: Tom said: “I haven’t done it” -> Quá khứ hoàn thành Tom said he hadn’t done it Quá khứ đơn Ex: “I didn’t it”, he said -> Quá khứ hoàn thành He said he hadn’t done it Quá khứ tiếp diễn Ex: “I was lying”, he said -> Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn He said he had been lying Tương lai đơn: will/ shall Ex: “I’ll buy it”, Tom said -> would/ should Tom said that he would buy it Tương lai gần: be going to -> was/were going to Quá khứ hoàn thành -> Quá khứ hoàn thành Ex: “I had already done my homework”, Bob said Ex: Bob said he had already done his homework Can Could 10 May 10 Might 11 Must/ Have to/ought to 11 Had to 12 Shall/ Should 12 Should 13 Needn’t 13 Didn’t have to Ví dụ: His father said to him: "You must study harder." → His father told him that he had to study harder Hoa said: "You needn't water the flowers because it rained last night." → Hoa said that he didn't have to water the flowers because it had rained the day before The doctor said to Nam: "You should stay in bed." → The doctor told Nam that he should stay in bed 5.3)Thay đổi trạng ngữ DIRECT ( Trực tiếp – câu gốc) Now Here Ago Today This These Yesterday Last… Tomorrow Next… 5.4 Thay đổi cấu trúc INDIRECT (Gián tiếp – Câu biến đổi) Then There Before That day That Those The day before/ The previous day The….before/ The previous… The next day/ The following day The next…./ The following… a) Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị, nhờ vả giúp đỡ a) Mệnh lệnh khẳng định: S + asked/ told/ said to + O: “ V(inf)…….! ” hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh => S + asked / told + O + to + V(inf) Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.” → He told her to keep silent EX: He asked me: “ Could you send me this letter, please?” → He asked me to send him that letter b) Mệnh lệnh phủ định: S + asked/ told/ said to + O: “ Don’t + V(inf).…! ” => S + asked / told + O +not + to+ V(inf) Ex: The teacher said to the students: “Don‟t talk in the class.” → The teacher asked the student not to talk in class b) Câu trần thuật: S + said/ told O : “ S2 + V ” => S + said that/ told O that + S2 + Vlùi Note: said to → told Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.” → Tom said (that) he wanted to visit his friends that weekend She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.” → She told me (that) she was going to Da Lat the next summer c) Câu hỏi Yes/No questions Questions Is/ Are + S +….? Was / were + S + ? Reported speech S + was / were S + had been + - Do / Does + S + V1….? Did + S + V1….? S+V(P1 /VED)… S + had + V(p2 /ED)… Can/ Could + S + V1….? S+asked +(O)+If/whether+ Will + S + V1….? Shall + S + V1….? May/ Might + S + V1 ? Have / Has + S + V3 / VED ? S + could + V… S + would + V…… S + should + V… S + might + V…… S + had + V(p2 /ED)… Ex: - He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?” → He asked Mary if Mary had ever been to Japan - “Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked → I asked Tan if Tan had gone out the night before - “ Are you tired, Jim”? – He asked → He asked Jim if he was tired Wh – questions Questions WQ +Is/ Are + S +….? WQ + Was / were + S + ? -WQ + Do / Does + S + V1….? WQ + Did + S + V1….? WQ + Can/ Could + S + V1….? S + asked + (O) + WQ + WQ + Will + S + V1….? WQ + Shall + S + V1….? WQ + May/ Might + S + V1 ? WQ + Have / Has + S + V3 / VED ? Reported speech S + was / were S + had been + S+V(P1 /VED)… S + had + V(p2 /ED)… S + could + V… S + would + V…… S + should + V… S + might + V…… S + had + V(p2 /ED)… Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me → He asked me How long I was waiting for the bus Ex: “ What time is it now, Peter” → She asked Peter What time it was then CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU SO SÁNH (COMPARISON/ SUPERLATIVES) a) So sánh Cơng S1 + am/is/are + (not) + Tính từ ngắn + “ER” + “THAN” + S2 thức Ví dụ He is taller than me Công S1 + am/is/are + (not) + “MORE” + Tính từ dài + “THAN” + S2 thức Ví dụ He is more handsome than me b) So sánh Công S + am/is/are + (not) + “THE” + Tính từ ngắn + “EST” + (Danh từ) + ( in / on / of / thức at ) +… Ví dụ He is the tallest (boy) in my class Công S + am/is/are + (not) + “THE” + “MOST” + Tính từ dài + (Danh từ) + ( in / on / thức of / at ) +… Ví dụ He is the most handsome (boy) in my class c) Các tính từ đặc biệt STT Tính từ Good Bad Little Far Many/ much Old Old Simple Narrow 10 Clever 11 Common 12 Modern 13 14 15 16 Happy Big New Afraid So sánh Better Worse Less Farther/ further More So sánh The best The Worst The least The farthest/ the furthest The most Older Elder Simpler Narrower Cleverer Commoner/ more common Moderner/ more modern Happier Bigger Newer More afraid The oldest The eldest The simplest The narrowest The cleverest The commonest/ The most common The modernest/ The most modern The happiest The biggest The newest The most afraid Nghĩa Tốt Xấu, Tệ Nhỏ bé, Xa Nhiều Lớn tuổi, cũ Già, lớn tuổi Đơn giản Hẹp Khéo léo Thông thường Hiện đại Hạnh phúc, vui To, lớn Mới E sợ d) Chú ý: - Tính từ ngắn tính từ có âm tiết - Tính từ dài tính từ có hai âm tiết trở lên, trừ tính từ hai âm tiết tận -y; -er; -ow; -le; -ure - Với tính từ hai âm tiết tận phụ âm + –y (pretty, lovely…), biến đổi phải đổi -y thành -i trước thêm –er –est VD: Pretty = Prettier/ prettiest Lovely = Lovelier/ loveliest - Với tính từ âm tiết, tận nguyên âm (ueoai) + –y (gray, grey,gay…), không cần biến đổi - Với tính từ âm tiết, tận nguyên âm + phụ âm (big, hot, thin, red…), gấp đôi phụ âm trước thêm –er –est Trừ phụ âm tận w, x, y, z (VD: new = newer) VD: Red = redder/ reddest Hot = hotter/ hottest Big = bigger/ biggest Thin = thinner/ thinnest - Các tính từ tận ed/ing, tính từ ghép, coi tính từ dài VD: bored = more bored/ the most bored boring = more boring/ the most boring good-looking = more good-looking/ the most good-looking hard-working = more hard-working/ the most hard-working CHUYÊN ĐỀ MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (RELATIVE CLAUSES) I CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ: WHO: – Làm chủ từ mệnh đề quan hệ – Thay cho danh từ người [ … N (person) + WHO + V + O ] Ex: the men are angry The men are in this room The men who are in this room are angry Eg: The man is my father He is sitting by the fire -> The man who is sitting by the fire is my father That is the boy He helped me to find your house ->That is the boy who helped me to find your house Ex: - I need to meet the boy The boy is my friend’s son I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son - The woman is standing over there She is my sister àThe woman who is standing over there is my sister WHOM: – Làm túc từ cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ – Thay cho danh từ người [ … N (person) + WHOM + S + V ] Eg: The woman is my aunt you saw her yesterday ->The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt The boy is Tom, we are looking for him ->The boy whom we are looking for is Tom - The man is my teacher Your father is talking to him The man whom your father is talking to is my teacher WHICH: – Làm chủ từ túc từ mệnh đề quan hệ – Thay cho danh từ vật [ … N (thing) + WHICH + V + O ] Ex: The hat is red It is mine => The hat which is red is mine [ … N (thing) + WHICH + S + V ] Ex: This is the book I like it best => This is the book which I like best Ex: - She works for a company It makes cars She works for a company which makes cars - The elephants are big People keep the elephants in iron cages The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big THAT: – Có thể thay cho vị trí who, whom, which mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định sell send show shut sing sit sleep speak 7 spend stand swim take teach tear tell think throw understand wake 8 wear 9 win write sold sold bán sent sent gửi showed showed/shown chương trình shut shut đóng sang sung hát sat sat ngồi slept slept ngủ spoke spoken nói spent spent chi tiêu stood stood đứng swam swum bơi took taken có taught taught dạy tore torn xé told told nói thought thought nghĩ threw thrown ném understood understood hiểu woke woken thức wore worn mặc won won giành chiến thắng wrote written viết BẢNG WORD FORMS *** Từ loại *** NO VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERDB enable absorb accept accomplish achieve Act Add advertise advise (dis) agree amuse A (dis) appear Apply Argue approve Arrive Assist astonish attend attract (automate) B bear/born/born beautify behave believe Bleed Bore Break breathe broaden calculate care (for) (in) ability absence absorption absorbent acceptance access accomplishment accuracy achievement action, actor addition advertising advertisement advice (dis) agreement agriculture amusement anger (dis)appearance anxiety application, applicant argument approval arrival art, artist assistance, assistant astonishment attendance, attendant attention attraction automation awareness base birth beauty behaviour (un)belief (un)believer blood boredom break, breakage breath broadness, broadth calculation, calculator calmness capacity care (of) (un) able absent absorbent, absorbtive, absorbed (in) acceptable accessible accurate accurately (in) active additional (in) actively advisable: (dis) agreeable agricultural amusing / amused angry apparent anxious (dis) agreely angrily apparently (argumentative) (artistic), artful (artistically) astonished, astonishing attendant attentive attractive automtic aware basic attentively attractively automtically beautiful beautifully (un)believable (un)believable bloody boring / bored (un) breakable breathless broad breathlessly broadly basically calculating calm capable careful calmly cause:gaây change choose clean clothe collect C compare compete combine comfort communicate complain complete concentrate conclude conserve continue cook carefulness carelessness cause center, centre certainty change chemistry chemical chemist child choice cleanliness cloth, clothes, clothing cloud collection, collector colour common comparison competition, competitor combination comfort communication complaint completion concentration conclusion condition confidence conservation continent continuation cook - cooker cookery count carelessly central certain (un)changeable childish-childlike childless clean cleanly cloudy, cloudless collective collectively coloured, colourful common comparative commonly (un) comfortable common communicative (un)comfortably commonly (in) complete (in) completely conclusive conditional confident conclusively continental continuous culture custom danger dark, darkness (un) countable countless cultural customary dangerous dark day daily deafen the deaf, deafness deaf decide decision (in) decisive decorate decoration decorative deepen depth deep darken certainly confidently continuously (customarily) dangerously (in) decisively deep, deeply defend deliver defence (deficiency) (deficient) delicacy delicate delicately delivery, deliverer D delight delight delightful delightfully depend (on) (in) dependence (in) dependent (in) dependently destroy destruction destructive destructively develop development developing determine determination determined dictate dictatation die death dead differ difference different difficulty difficult direct direction, director (in) direct (in) directly dirty dirt dirty dirtily disappoint disappointment disappointed, disappointedly differently disappointing discover discovery discuss discussion distance distant distribute distribution distributive divide division (in) divisible drain drainage educate distantly dust dusty earth earthy ease easy easily economy economical economically education educational, educationally (un) educated affect effect (in) effective (in) effectively electrify electricity electric,electrical embarrass embarrassment embarrassed, embarrassing emit emisssion employ (un) employment (un) employed employer, employee encourage encouragement encouraged end end endless energy energetic energerically enjoy enjoyment enjoyable enjoyably enrich enrichment rich richly enter entrance environment E equip equipment erode erosion establish establishment examine examination expect expectation environmental expectant, expecting, (un) expected experience experience (in) experienced experiment experiment experimental explain explanation explanatory explode explosion, explosive experimentally explosively explosive explore exploration, explorer extinctive extinct extremity, extreme extremely extreme fact fail factual failure faith (un) faithful (un) faithfully (un) familiarity (un) familiar (un)familiarly fashion fashionable fashionably favour favour favourable favourably fear fear fearful, fearless fearfully, familiarize fearlessly feel feeling fertilize fertilizer fill fill full (of) filled (with) fluency F fly fluent fluently foolish foolishly (un) forgettable, forgetfully flight fool, foolishness foolball, footballer forget forgetfulness forgetful form found form, formation fortune (un) fortunate foundation, fundamental (un) fortunately founder frighten freshness fresh fright frightened, frightening generalize friend, friendship friendly, friendliness friendless generalization general generosity generous geography geographical generously goodness G govern government graduate graduation, good graduate grow growth guide guidance, guide habit habitual habitually happiness happy happily harm harm harmful, harmless harden hardeness hard hard, hardly hateful hatefully health (un) healthy (un) healthily heart hearty, heartless heat, hotness hot height high high, highly help, helpfulness helpful, helpless helpfully, hate heat H help helplessly hope history historical, historic historically (dis) honesty (dis) honest (dis) honestly hope hopeful, hopeless hopefully, hopelessly horror horrible hour hourly hunger hungry hungrily hurry hury hurried hurriedly ignore ignorance ignorant ignorantly illness ill illiteracy iliterate illustrate illustration illustrative imagine imagination imaginary horrify immediate importance important horribly immediately improve improvement include inclusion inclusive industrialize industry industrial inclusively industrious I influence influence inform information informative instruct instruction instructive instructively intelligence intelligent intelligently intend intention intentional intentionally intensify intensify intense intensely interview interview, intimacy intimate intimately introduce introduction introductory invent invention, interviewer inventor invite invitation irrigate irrigation jealousy jealous job jobless rejoyce joy joyful, joyess joyfully, joyessly justify justice just justly keenness keen (on) keenly kindness kind kindly knowledge knowledgeable knowingly J K know jealouly (un) known enlarge enlargement large lateness late late, lately (gần đây) laugh laughter laughable law laziness L lead leader, leadership lie lie light light, lighting (un) lawful, (un) lawfully (il) legal (il) legally lazy lazily (un) limited limit live life alive, live, lively lock, unlock lock (un) lock logic (il) logical loss, loser lost love, loveliness lovely luck (un) lucky (un) luckily magic, magical magically main mainly (il) logically magican manage majority major man human, manly management, manager manufacture manufacture, manufactural manufacturer M marry marriage (un) married material material mathematics, mathematical mathematician (im) maturity (im) mature mechanize mechanic mechanical mean meaning meaningful, mechanically meaningless medicate medicine medical medically meet meeting memorize memory militarize mind mistake mix move multiphy need N notice (dis) obey occupy O offend offer omit operate organize own pay perceive permit persuade please poison mentality military mind mine, mineral miracle mistake mixture money month moon mother mountain movement multiphlication music, musician nation, nationality nature need, necessity nerve noise notice novel, novelist (dis) obedience occasion occupation odour offense offer omission operatation, operator organization owner, ownership pain parents part (im) patience pay, payment peace perception permission person persuasion pharmacy, pharmacist pity pleasure poison (im) politeness mental military mindful, mindless mineral miraculous mistaken miraculously mistakenly monetary monthly lunar, moonless motherly mountainous movable musical national natural necessary, needful nervous noisy noticeable musically nationally naturally necessarily nervously noisily noticeably (dis) obedient occasional occupational, occupied (with) odourless offensive (dis) obediently occasionally offensively operatative organized painful parental partial particular (im) patient painfully peaceful peacefully personal personally partially particularly (im) patiently pharmaceutical pitiful (un) pleasant poisonous (im) polite pitifully (un) pleasantly poisonously (im) politely pollute possess P practise prefer prepare present preserve prevent provide prove rain react realize reason receive recognize recover reduce refuse relate R rely remove repeat research respond restrict retire enrich rotate sadden safeguard sell S satisfy save search politics, politician pollution,pollutant possession potential poverty power practice preference preparation presentation preservation prevention pride privacy provision proof public race rain reaction reality realization reason reception recognition recovery reduction refusal relation, relationship religion reliance removal repetition research response responsibility restriction retirement enrichment, richness rotation sadness safeguard (un) safety sale(s) salt sand satisfaction saving science, scientist search political polluted possessive potential poor powerful (im) practical preferential preparatory preservable preventive proud private provable public racial rainy potentially powerfully (im) practically preferentially proudly privately publicly (un) real really (un) reasonable (un) reasonably (un) recognizable relative relatively religious reliable reliably responsible restrictive retired rich restrictively rich rotatory sad sadly (un) safe (un) safely salty sandy (un) satisfactory, (un) satisfying, (un) satisfied (un) satisfactorily scientific scientifically see select shock shorten sign silence sing sit sleep snow solidify solve specialize speak state strenghthen succeed suggest supply support surprise suspect sympathize T teach tend test think threaten tire tolerate transform secret sight selection self, selfishness sense shame shock shortage skill sickness signature signature silence similarity song, singer seat sleep, sleepness snow society solid solution specialist speech, speaker spirit statement storm strenghth success suggestion supply support surgery surprise suspicion,suspect sympathy talent teaching, teacher technician, technique technology, technologist tendency test thought thirst threat tiredness tolerance total transformation secret selfish sensible shameful, shameless,shamed shocked, shocking short skillful sick selfishly sensibly shamefully, shamelessly significant silent similar significantly silently similarly shortly = soon skillfully seated sleepy, asleep,sleepless sleepily snowy social socially solid special specially, especially spiritual stormy strong (un) successful strongly (un) successfully surgical surprised, surprising surgically surprisingly sympathetic talented sympathetically technical technically technological tendentious thoughtful, thoughtless thirsty threatening tired, tiring tolerable, tolerant total thoughtfully, thoughtlessly thirstily threateningly tolerably totally translate transmit transport treat trouble understant U use translation, translator transmission transport, transportation treatment tree tropic trouble truth understanting urgency use, uselessness usage, usefulness value value, valuation vaporize warm waste watch weaken weigh vapour warmth waste watchfulness weakness weight, weightlessness width wind wisdom women wonder wood work, worker world worry V widen W wonder work worry Y worth year youth transmissible (un) treatable treeless tropical troublesome true, truthful understanable urgent useful, useless truly, truthfully usefully, uselessly (un) usual valuable, invaluable, valueless vaporous warm wasteful watchful weak weightless usually wide windy wise womanly wonderful wooden working worldly worried, worrying widely worth, worthless yearly = annual young, youthful warmly wastefully watchfully weakly wisely wonderfully worriedly, worryingly youthfully ... chủ ngữ danh từ + be + tính từ => Đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ ,bỏ to be Because the rain is heavy, we didn’t go to school => Because of the heavy rain, we didn’t go to school 3) Nếu chủ ngữ. .. S2 + V2 Despite/ In spite of + (cụm) danh từ , S2 + V2 Despite + V-ing/ (Cụm) danh từ , S2 + V2 1) Nếu chủ ngữ mệnh đề giống nhau, chung người vật => Bỏ chủ ngữ 1, Lấy V +ING Although Tom got... 2) Nếu chủ ngữ danh từ + be + tính từ => Đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ ,bỏ to be Although the rain is heavy, we went to school => Despite the heavy rain, we went to school 3) Nếu chủ ngữ đại từ