implies castigation of an economic (and even marital) marketplace dominated by men, whose motives are, at best, suspect. Its Christian allusions are obvious but grounded in opulent images whose lushness borders on the erotic. From Ros- setti’s work emerge not only emotional force, artistic polish, frequently ironic playfulness, and intellectual vigor but also an intriguing, enigmatic quality. “Winter: My Secret,” for example, combines these traits along with a very high (and un-Vic- torian) level of poetic self-consciousness. “How does one reconcile the aesthetic sensuality of Rossetti’s poetry with her repressed, ascetic lifestyle?” Woolf won- dered. That Rossetti did indeed withhold a “secret” both from those intimate with her and from posterity is Lona Packer’s thesis in her 1963 biography of Rossetti. Packer’s claim that Rossetti’s was a secret of the heart has since been disproved through the discovery of hundreds of letters by Rossetti, which reinforce the conventional image of her as pious, scrupulously abstinent, and semi-reclusive. Yet the pas- sions expressed in her love poems do expose the “secret” at the heart of both Rossetti’s life and art: a willingness to forego worldly pleasures in favor of an aes- theticized Christian version of tran- scendent fulfillment in heaven. Her sonnet “The World,” therefore, becomes pivotal in understanding Rossetti’s lit- erary project as a whole—her rhymes for children, fairy tale narratives, love poems, and devotional commentaries. The world, for Rossetti, is a fallen place. Her work is pervasively designed to force upon readers this inescapable Christian truth. The beauty of her poetry must be seen therefore as an artistic strategy, a means toward a moral end. 14. The passage mentions all of the fol- lowing as qualities that emerge from Rossetti’s work EXCEPT for (A) lush imagery (B) ironic playfulness (C) stark realism (D) unorthodox form (E) intellectual vigor 15. It can be inferred from the passage that Rossetti’s “The World” (A) combines several genres of poetry in a single work (B) was Rossetti’s last major work (C) is the most helpful expression of Rossetti’s motives (D) was Rossetti’s longest work (E) reflects Rossetti’s shift away from her earlier feminist viewpoint 16. It can be inferred from the passage that the author discusses Packer’s thesis and its flaws probably to (A) contrast the sensuality of Rossetti’s poetry with the relative starkness of her devotional commentary (B) reveal the secret to which Rossetti alludes in “Winter: My Secret” (C) call into question the authen- ticity of recently discovered letters written by Rossetti (D) provide a foundation for the author’s own theory about Rossetti’s life and work (E) compare Woolf’s understanding of Rossetti with a recent, more enlightened view 17. One aim of educational technology should be to _______ instruction more precisely to students’ indi- vidual needs, since vast differences in the ways students learn are _______ when they are taught the same thing. (A) adjust . . overlooked (B) direct . . reinforced (C) adapt discovered (D) design . . acknowledged (E) retrofit . . undermined practicetest Practice Test 5 523 . www.petersons.com 18. SHIP : ARMADA :: (A) sail : wind (B) atom : molecule (C) gun : cannon (D) chemical : reaction (E) violin : viola 19. ROSTRUM : SPEECH :: (A) office : conference (B) laboratory : invention (C) mailbox : letter (D) arena : match (E) stove : meal 20. Even detractors who warn of its potential for abuse agree that genetic engineering, if used _______, can reduce the incidence of the sort of physical deformities that any society would want to eliminate. (A) premeditatedly (B) biologically (C) recklessly (D) discriminately (E) illicitly 21. GAINSAY: (A) properly characterize (B) challenge without cause (C) defeat oneself (D) argue consistently (E) speak unthinkingly 22. ACCLAIM: (A) disbelieve (B) controvert (C) disapprove (D) betray (E) forbid 23. It is clearly in the public’s best interest for news agencies to _______ their journalist employees _______ information tantamount to hearsay through independent scrutiny. (A) encourage toembellish (B) admonish toconfirm (C) warn . . about querying (D) discourage fromendorsing (E) discipline without verifying Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following passage. Radiative forcings are changes imposed on the planetary energy balance; radiative feedbacks are changes induced by climate change. Forcings can arise from either natural or anthropogenic causes. For example, the concentration of sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere can be altered by volcanic action or by the burning of fossil fuels. The distinction between forcings and feedbacks is sometimes arbi- trary; however, forcings are quantities normally specified in global climate model simulations, while feedbacks are calcu- lated quantities. Examples of radiative forcings are greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide and ozone), aerosols in the troposphere, and surface reflectivity. Radiative feedbacks include clouds, water vapor in the troposphere, and sea-ice cover. The effects of forcings and feedbacks on climate are complex. For example, clouds trap outgoing radiation, thus providing a warming influence, while also reflecting incoming solar radiation and, thereby, pro- viding a cooling influence. Current mea- surements indicate that the net effect of clouds is to cool the earth. However, scien- tists are unsure if the balance will shift in the future as the atmosphere and cloud formation are altered by the accumulation of greenhouse gases. Similarly, the ver- tical distribution of ozone affects both the amount of radiation reaching the earth’s surface and the amount of reradiated radiation that is trapped by the green- house effect. These two mechanisms affect the earth’s temperature in opposite directions. PART VI: Five Practice Tests524 . www.petersons.com 24. According to the passage, radiative forcings and radiative feedbacks can generally be distinguished from each other by (A) whether the amount of radiative change is specified or calculated (B) the precision with which the amounts of radiative change can be determined (C) the altitude at which the radiative change occurs (D) whether the radiative change is directed toward or away from the earth (E) whether the radiative change is global or more localized 25. Based solely on the information in the passage, which of the following research methods, if implemented, would be most likely to yield a more accurate prediction of the extent and direction of the greenhouse effect? (A) Monitoring radiative feedbacks and forcings over a longer time period (B) Measuring variations in cloud density in relation to air temperature (C) Isolating ozone changes caused specifically by anthropogenic factors (D) Accounting for the altitude at which cloud formations appear (E) Isolating the cooling influence of ozone changes from their warming influence 26. FEEL : HANDLE :: (A) read : peruse (B) caress : abrade (C) laugh: giggle (D) stimulate : grow (E) lift : heave 27. INNOVATION : PRECEDENT :: (A) inception : reality (B) invention : production (C) conservation : simplicity (D) renovation : antiquity (E) illusion : veracity 28. It is often said that those most firmly committed to an idea are also most critical of it. Yet, could anyone hon- estly defend this (i)_______? Con- sider, for instance, Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, who in the late nineteenth century paved the way for the women’s rights move- ment through their fervent advocacy. Would it not be (ii)_______ that Stanton and Anthony were at the same time highly (ii)_______ of the notion that women deserve equal rights under the law? Blank (i) oft-touted ideology ill-conceived contrivance age-old aphorism Blank (ii) patently absurd to aver audacious to insist tautological to claim Blank (iii) suspicious enamored supportive 29. COMPLACENT: (A) involved (B) critical (C) discontented (D) persistent (E) disagreeable 30. SODDEN: (A) buoyant (B) laden (C) porous (D) parched (E) billowy practicetest Practice Test 5 525 . www.petersons.com ANSWER KEY AND EXPLANATIONS Analytical Writing ISSUE TASK: EVALUATION AND SCORING Evaluate your Issue task essay on a scale of 0 to 6 (6 being the highest score) according to the following five criteria: Does your essay develop a position on the issue through the use of incisive reasons and persuasive examples? Are your essay’s ideas conveyed clearly and articulately? Does your essay maintain proper focus on the issue, and is it well organized? Does your essay demonstrate proficiency, fluency, and maturity in its use of sentence structure, vocabulary, and idiom? Does your essay demonstrate command of the elements of Standard Written English, including grammar, word usage, spelling, and punctuation? ARGUMENT TASK: EVALUATION AND SCORING Evaluate your Argument task essay on a scale of 0 to 6 (6 being the highest score) according to the following five criteria: Does your essay identify and articulate the argument’s key unstated assump- tions? Does your essay explain how the argument relies on these unstated assumptions, and what the implications are if these assumptions are unwarranted? Does your essay develop its ideas in a clear, organized manner, with appropriate transitions to help connect ideas together? Does your essay demonstrate proficiency, fluency, and maturity in its use of sentence structure, vocabulary, and idiom? Does your essay demonstrate command of the elements of Standard Written English, including grammar, word usage, spelling, and punctuation? To help you evaluate your essay in terms of criteria 1 and 2, the following is a series of questions that identify five distinct unstated assumptions upon which the argument relies. To earn a score of 4 or higher, your essay should identify and explain at least three of these assumptions. Identifying and explaining at least four of the unstated assumptions would help earn you an even higher score. • Does the argument confuse cause and effect with mere temporal (time) sequence? (Pilfering might go unnoticed by other employees, who in any event often look the other way whenever they do observe it; if so, the decline in pilfering cannot be attributed to the honor code.) • Does the argument assume that past conditions affecting the reported incidence of pilfering have remained unchanged? (Such conditions include the number of PART VI: Five Practice Tests526 . www.petersons.com MegaCorp employees and the overall integrity of those employees; to the extent such conditions have changed over the five-year period, the reported decrease in pilfering might not be attributable to the honor code.) • Are MegaCorp employees representative of “all businesses”? (Perhaps under an honor system, MegaCorp employees are less likely either to pilfer or to report pilfering than the typical employee, for whatever reason.) • Is the companywide survey on which the recommendation depends potentially biased and therefore not credible? (The survey results are meaningful only to the extent that the people surveyed responded honestly, which is doubtful.) • Does the recommendation rely on a potentially unrepresentative statistical sample? (The author fails to assure us that the survey’s respondents are repre- sentative of all MegaCorp employees.) • Are the survey responses a reliable indicator about the future behavior of the respondents? (Hypothetical predictions about one’s future behavior are inher- ently less reliable than reports of proven behavior.) answers practicetest5 Practice Test 5 527 . www.petersons.com Quantitative Reasoning 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. E 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. E 15. C 16. D 17. 12 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. B 22. E 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. D 1. The correct answer is (B). The price of the coat described in Column A = $300 2 (.07 3 $300) = $300 2 $21 = $279. The price of the coat described in ColumnB=$200+(.43 $200) = $200 + $80 = $280. 2. The correct answer is (C). Any non-zero number raised to the power of zero is 1, and so y 0 + y 2 =1+ 1 4 = 1.25. 3. The correct answer is (B). A total of 32 horses (20 + 12) are either black or white. That leaves 28 horses of some other color. A total of 32 horses are stallions. Thus, it is pos- sible that all of the stallions are either black or white, and that none of the stallions are some other color. (Quantity A = 0.) However, at least 4 of the stallions must be either black or white. (QuantityB=4.) 4. The correct answer is (A). The quilt consists of 18 squares, each measuring 1 linear unit per side. The perimeter of the quilt as shown is 24. After rearranging the squares, the quilt will consist of two rows of 9 squares; the perimeter of the new quiltwillbe22(9+9+2+2). 5. The correct answer is (D). The distance described in Column B is 48 miles. The distance from Breezy to Cocoa could be any number of miles between 24 and 72, depending on the direction of Cocoa from Aqua and from Breezy. Hence, Quantity A could be equal to, less than, or greater than Quantity B. 6. The correct answer is (C). The degree sum of all four angles is 360°. The ratio 1:2:3:4 tells us that the smallest and largest angles together account for the same portion (1 and 4 in the ratio) of that sum as the middle two angles (2 and 3 in the ratio). Hence their sum must be exactly half of 360°, or 180°. You can also solve the problem algebraically. Letting x = the degree measure of the smallest angle, x +2x +3x +4x = 360; 10x = 360; x = 36. The largest angle (4x°) measures 144°. The sum of the measures of the two angles is 180° (36° + 144°). 7. The correct answer is (E). Factor the numerator and the denominator. (The numerator provides a difference of two squares.) Simplify, then dis- tribute the resulting denominator to both terms in the numerator: x xx xx xx x x x xx x 2 2 4 2 22 2 2 2 1 2 − − = +− − = + =+ =+ ()() () PART VI: Five Practice Tests528 . www.petersons.com 8. The correct answer is (A). You multiply x (the first term) by y x to obtain y (the second term), and so y x is the constant multiple. To obtain the third term, multiply the second term (y) by this multiple: y y x y x ×= 2 9. The correct answer is (C). For any real numbers x and y, xy xy ( ) ( ) = . The problem at hand simply applies this rule. 10. The correct answer is (A). To determine either quantity, work sys- tematically, beginning with the greatest possible integer: Quantity A (3 ways): 7+1+1+1=10 5+3+1+1=10 3+3+3+1=10 Quantity B (2 ways): 6+2+2=10 4+4+2=10 11. The correct answer is (B). Because the t-terms are the same (.2t), the quickest way to solve for s here is with the addition-subtraction method. Manipulate both equations so that corresponding terms “line up,” then add the two equations: 12. The correct answer is (C). During 2007, the difference was about $1 million. In 2009, the difference was about $800,000. 13. The correct answer is (B). First determine aggregate legal and pro- duction expenses for each year shown (approximations will suffice; all numbers here are in millions): 2006: 5.0 + 5.7 = 10.7 2007: 4.1 + 5.2 = 9.3 2008: 4.0 + 11.3 = 15.3 2009: 10.4 + 5.6 = 16.0 2010: 6.1 + 4.6 = 10.7 The aggregate amount was most nearly equal for the years 2006 and 2010. Next, determine the average annual marketing expenses for these two years. (Again, approximations will suffice.) The average of $4.1m (2006 marketing expenses) and $8.3m (2010 marketing expenses) is $6.2m. 14. The correct answer is (E). The ratio of height to the shadow is con- stant. Thus, the ratio of b to f can be set equal to the ratio of t to x, where x represents the length of the tree’s shadow: b f t x bx ft x ft b = = = 15. The correct answer is (C). In either series of integers, the terms are distributed symmetrically to the left and right of zero (0) on the number line. Hence, in both cases the sum of the integers is zero (0). 16. The correct answer is (D). Points (5,22) and (23,3) are two points on line b. The slope of b is the change in answers practicetest5 Practice Test 5 529 . www.petersons.com the y-coordinates divided by the cor- responding change in the x-coordi- nate: m b = 3 2~22! 23 2 5 = 5 28 or 2 5 8 17. The correct answer is 12. You have 3 choices or roads from Abbotts- ville and Batestown and 4 choices of roads from Batestown to Cart- ersburg. Hence the total number of possible routes from Abbottsville to Cartersburg (through Batestown once) is 3 3 4 = 12. 18. The correct answer is (A). The leg from home to work is slower than the return leg, and therefore the average speed going to work (Quantity B) is slower than the combined average (Quantity A). 19. The correct answer is (B). First, Quantity A: The greatest common factor of 20, 45, and 90 is 5. As for Quantity B, 2 5 + 5 3 = 31 15 , and so the sum of the three numbers given is clearly greater than 5. 20. The correct answer is (D). Quantity A = 0.5 0.25x = 1 0.5x . Quantity B=0.5x.Ifx happens to equal 1 0.5 , then both quantities would equal 1. Otherwise, the two quantities are unequal; in fact, they’re reciprocals. (Their product is 1.) For example, if x = 1, then Quantity A is a fraction greater than 1 by an order of more than 10, while Quantity B is a fraction less than 1 by the same order. That is all you need to know to conclude that choice (D) is correct. 21. The correct answer is (B). To determine the cost of shipping a 28-pound parcel by ground, you need to apply three different per-pound rates: $1.50 for the first pound, $.40 for pounds 2–10, and $.25 for pounds 11–28. Here’s the calculation: $1.50 + ($0.40)(9) + ($0.25)(18) = $9.60. 22. The correct answer is (E). The cost of shipping a 2.4-pound parcel by express delivery would be $6.75 + ($1.15)(2) = $9.05. The cost of shipping the same parcel by air delivery would be $2.25 + ($0.60)(2) = $3.45. The difference between the two totals is $5.60. 23. The correct answer is (D). If P , 0 such that P + Q , 0, then Quantity A , Quantity B. On the other hand, if P + Q . 0, then Quantity A = Quantity B. 24. The correct answer is (C). There’s no need to perform any calculations here. Comparing one cube-box with the other, notice that all measure- ments are proportional. Hence the number of cubes that can be packed into the boxes must be the same. 25. The correct answer is (A). To add two fractions having a common denominator, you add numerators— not denominators. Hence, 11 2 xx x += . You’ll find that it’s impossible to equate 2 x with 1 2x , and so the two quantities cannot be equal. Since x . 0, you can cancel x across columns, leaving an inequality in which Quantity A . Quantity B: 2 1 . 1 2 . PART VI: Five Practice Tests530 . www.petersons.com 26. The correct answer is (A). To solve this problem, you can either list the possibilities or apply the factorial formula: 4! = 4 3 3 3 2 3 1 = 24. 27. The correct answer is (D). The area of a circle = pr 2 . Letting the radius of the smaller circle = r,the radius of the larger circle = 2r, and its area = p(2r) 2 ,or4pr 2 . The ratio of the smaller circle’s area to the larger circle’s area is pr 2 :4pr 2 ,or1:4. 28. The correct answer is (D). Equate Carrie’s age in 8 years (C + 8) to twice Ben’s age in 8 years (B + 8), and then solve for C: CB CB CB CB += + =+− =+− =+ 82 8 288 2168 28 () () answers practicetest5 Practice Test 5 531 . www.petersons.com Verbal Reasoning 1. E 2. B 3. E 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. E 8. A 9. B 10. E 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. C 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. E 26. A 27. E 28. (i) age-old aphorism (ii) patently absurd to aver (iii) suspicious 29. C 30. D 1. The correct answer is (E). The best choice for the two blanks must convey a clear contrast between the reactions of the two groups of board members. The words optimistic and dubious (doubtful or skeptical) provide just the sort of contrast that makes sense. Although choice (C) also provides a contrast, choice (C) is wrong because it makes no sense to imagine the board members being “disturbed by the benefits” the deal would produce. 2. The correct answer is (B). This is an “evidence or result of” analogy. A BOAT creates a WAKE and leaves it behind, across the surface of the water. Similarly, a scalpel (surgeon’s knife) creates a scar and leaves it behind, like a trail, across the surface of the skin. Strengthening the analogy is that a wake is a byproduct of boating, like a scar is a byproduct of cutting with a scalpel. 3. The correct answer is (E). This is a “helpful condition for” analogy. Mulch is a soil-enriching mixture that facilitates plant growth. To BURGEON is to begin to grow rapidly or to flourish. Accordingly, soil that has been MULCHED is in an ideal condition for plants to burgeon. Similarly, a razor or knife that has be honed (sharpened) is in an ideal condition to hew (cut or slice). 4. The correct answer is (C). This is a “contrary meaning” analogy. To be JOCULAR is to lack SOLEMNITY. To be latent is to lack visibility. Thus, in each pair, the two words are essentially antonyms. (In each other pair, the two words are essentially synonyms.) 5. The correct answer is (A). DUPLICITY means “deception by pretending” and is therefore a form of dishonesty—the opposite of honesty. 6. The correct answer is (A). If love were thought of as a malady (diffi- culty or problem) that “disables judgment” (confuses one’s brain), then the word insanity might be an apt description. 7. The correct answer is (E). According to the author, the “current transition to a service-based econ- omy and deregulation in transpor- tation . . . underscor[e] the need to redefine poverty.” The refined defi- nition that the author advocates is apparent from the passage’s opening and final sentences: Poverty should be measured not just at the indi- vidual level but also at the com- munity level (especially in rural PART VI: Five Practice Tests532 . www.petersons.com . www.petersons.com the y-coordinates divided by the cor- responding change in the x-coordi- nate: m b = 3 2~22! 23 2 5 = 5 28 or 2 5 8 17. The correct answer. affects both the amount of radiation reaching the earth’s surface and the amount of reradiated radiation that is trapped by the green- house effect. These two