Chapter 23: Using Special Characters 555 Character Mac Shortcut Windows Shortcut Measurement Foot (') Control+' Ctrl+' Inch (") Control+Shift+' Ctrl+Alt+' Mathematics One-half fraction (½) Not supported Ctrl+Alt+6 or Alt+0189 One-quarter fraction (¼) Not supported Ctrl+Alt+7 or Alt+0188 Three-quarters fraction (¾) Not supported Ctrl+Alt+8 or Alt+0190 Infinity (∞) Option+5 Not supported Division (÷) Option+/ Alt+0247 Root (√) Option+V Not supported Greater than or equal to (≥) Option+> Not supported Less than or equal to (≤) Option+< Not supported Inequality ( ≠ ) Option+= Not supported Rough equivalence (≈) Option+X Not supported Plus or minus (±) Option+Shift+= Alt+0177 Logical not (¬) Option+L Ctrl+Alt+\ or Alt+0172 Per mil (‰) Option+Shift+R Alt+0137 Degree (°) Option+Shift+8 Alt+0176 Function (ƒ) Option+F Alt+0131 Integral (∫) Option+B Not supported Variation (∂) Option+D Not supported Greek beta (β) Option+S not supported Greek mu (μ) Option+M Alt+0181 Greek Pi (∏) Option+Shift+P Not supported Greek pi (π) Option+P Not supported Greek Sigma (∑) Option+W Not supported Greek Omega (Ω) Option+Z Not supported Miscellaneous Apple logo (Ú) Option+Shift+K Not supported Light (¤) Not supported Ctrl+Alt+4 or Alt+0164 Open diamond (◊) Option+Shift+V Not supported Cross-Reference When you’re searching and replacing text via the Find/Change dialog box, InDesign uses codes to indicate spe- cial symbols and lets you paste the symbol into its Find What and Change To fields. Chapter 19 covers this in more detail. n 33_607169-ch23.indd 55533_607169-ch23.indd 555 4/22/10 8:01 PM4/22/10 8:01 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Part V: Text Fundamentals 556 Using menus InDesign provides a set of menus to insert commonly used special characters, such as special spaces and dashes, as well as internal control characters such as Indent to Here and Column Break. The three menu options, all in the Type menu, for inserting special characters are: l Insert Special Characters: This option has five submenus: Symbols, Markers, Hyphens and Dashes, Quotation Marks, and Other. The Symbols submenu includes items such as ® and ©; the Markers submenu includes automatic page numbers, section markers, and footnote numbers; and the Other submenu includes tabs, Indent to Here, End Nested Style Here, and Non-joiner. l Insert White Space: This option’s submenu offers 12 types of fixed-size spaces as well as a nonbreaking version of variable-sized (regular) space. l Insert Break Character: This option’s submenu offers six types of break characters (such as column breaks and page breaks), a paragraph break (it’s easier just to press Return or Enter to get this), and two types of line breaks (forced and discretionary). When you use special characters such as em spaces and nonbreaking hyphens, it can be hard to tell them apart from regular characters. That’s why InDesign lets you display these spaces, tabs, hyphens, breaks, paragraph returns, and other control characters that exist in the text. Choose Type ➪ Show Hidden Characters or press Option+Ô+I or Ctrl+Alt+I to turn on this display. (Note that these on-screen symbols do not print.) Here’s what the symbols look like for the various control characters. Top row, from left to right: regular space, nonbreaking space, fixed-width nonbreaking space, em space, en space, thin space, hair space, punctuation space, quarter space, third space, figure space, and flush space. Second row: tab and right tab. Third row: discretionary hyphen and nonbreaking hyphen. Fourth row: forced line break (new line), discretionary line break, paragraph return, column break, frame break, page break, even page break, and odd page break. Fifth row: note, indent-to-here, end-nested-style, non-joiner, and end-of- story markers. On-Screen Special Characters 33_607169-ch23.indd 55633_607169-ch23.indd 556 4/22/10 8:01 PM4/22/10 8:01 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Chapter 23: Using Special Characters 557 Cross-Reference The spaces, dashes, and quotation marks characters are covered in this chapter. The hyphen and Indent to Here characters are covered in Chapter 21. The break characters are covered in Chapter 19. The End Nested Style Here character is covered in Chapter 21. Automatic page and section markers are covered in Chapter 7. Footnotes are covered in Chapter 27. Tabs are covered in Chapter 25. n Using the Glyphs panel Inspired by Microsoft Word’s Symbol dialog box (choose Edit ➪ Insert Symbol), InDesign’s cre- ators have created a flexible panel, the Glyphs panel, to access special symbols and characters in any font. To open the panel, choose Type ➪ Glyphs or press Option+Shift+F11 or Alt+Shift+F11. The Glyphs panel, shown in Figure 23.1, displays. By default, the panel shows available characters for the current font, but you can change the font using the Font Family and Font Style popup menus at the bottom of the panel. FIGURE 23.1 The Glyphs panel and its flyout menu (left). The panel and its Show popup menu (right). Zoom in Zoom out It’s unlikely that the Glyphs panel will show all available characters in its window, so use the scroll bar at right to move through all the characters. To show a subset of the font’s characters, choose an option such as Entire Font or Currency from the Show popup menu (the options depend on how the font file is organized internally); Figure 23.1 shows an example Show popup menu. You can also make the characters larger or smaller by clicking the Zoom Out or Zoom In iconic buttons at the panel’s bottom right. 33_607169-ch23.indd 55733_607169-ch23.indd 557 4/22/10 8:01 PM4/22/10 8:01 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Part V: Text Fundamentals 558 Note Recently used glyphs appear at the top of the Glyphs panel, making it easier to use them. (If they don’t appear, choose Show Options from the flyout menu or click the double-arrow icon in the tab to the left of the panel’s name. These two methods also hide the recently used glyphs if they are already visible.) n InDesign also lets you change how the glyphs are sorted in the panel. Choose Sort Glyphs ➪ By Unicode (the default) from the flyout menu to have them appear in order of the international Unicode standard’s numbering scheme, or choose Sort Glyphs ➪ By CID/GID to sort them based on the font’s internal character and glyph IDs. There’s really no reason to change this sort option from the Unicode default. Creating glyph sets For quick access to frequently used glyphs (from multiple fonts), InDesign lets you create glyph sets. To create glyph sets: 1. Click New Glyph Set from the Glyphs panel’s flyout menu. Choose Type ➪ Glyphs or press Option+Shift+F11 or Alt+Shift+F11 to open the panel. You can also choose Window ➪ Type & Tables ➪ Glyphs. 2. Type a name in the New Glyph Set dialog box, and click OK. You now have a new, empty glyph set on your computer, although it won’t show on-screen. (Before you click OK, you can use the Insert Order popup menu and choose the order in which you want added glyphs to appear. Your choices are Glyph Value Order [such as the Unicode value], Insert at Front, or Insert at End.) 3. In the Glyphs panel, select the special character you want to add to your new set. You may need to change the font and style using the popup menus at the bottom of the panel. 4. In the panel’s flyout menu, choose Add to Glyph Set ➪ set name to add the symbol to the chosen set. 5. Repeat Steps 3and 4 for each glyph you want to add. You could end the process there, but InDesign provides a few more controls for your new (or exist- ing) glyph set that you may want use. To edit a glyph set, choose Edit Glyph Set ➪ set name, make your changes, and click OK when done. The resulting Edit Glyph Set dialog box is shown in Figure 23.2. Your options include: l You can change the name and the glyph insertion order, using the Name field and the Insertion Order popup menu, respectively. l If you want a specific font to be used for a glyph (which you need to do for symbols cho- sen from pi fonts, as opposed to common symbols such as ™ available in most fonts), make sure that the Remember Font with Glyph option is selected. You can also choose or change the font using the Font and Style popup menus in the dialog box. l To delete a glyph, select it in the Edit Glyph Set dialog box and then click Delete from Set. 33_607169-ch23.indd 55833_607169-ch23.indd 558 4/22/10 8:01 PM4/22/10 8:01 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Chapter 23: Using Special Characters 559 FIGURE 23.2 Editing a glyph set Note InDesign automatically creates a glyph set called Recent Glyphs, which are glyphs you’ve selected recently. You can edit and otherwise work with this automatic set just as you can with any other set. n To access a glyph set, simply click the desired glyph set from the Show popup menu in the Glyph panel. Make sure the Type tool is active and that the text cursor (text-insertion point) is active in a text frame or path. Double-click the desired glyph in the Glyphs panel; InDesign inserts it at the text cursor location. Sharing glyph sets You can share glyph sets with other users. When you create a glyph set, InDesign creates a file in the Glyph Sets folder within the Presets folder that in turn resides within the folder contain- ing the InDesign application. Just copy these files to other users’ Glyph Sets folders to give them access to them. Using Other Tools to Access Special Characters Besides using the built-in InDesign tools for special characters, you can also use utility programs. You might do this because you want to use the same consistent tool for all your applications. Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard and Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard each come with two tools (shown in Figure 23.3) that are like a simple version of InDesign’s Glyphs panel: the Keyboard Viewer and Character Viewer (called the Character Palette in Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard). Both are available 33_607169-ch23.indd 55933_607169-ch23.indd 559 4/22/10 8:01 PM4/22/10 8:01 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Part V: Text Fundamentals 560 under the Keyboard Input menu item (Leopard) or Input menu item (Snow Leopard) in the Mac’s menu bar (which usually appears as a flag representing your language’s home country). Note that you might need to turn on the Keyboard Input menu item in Leopard by choosing Ú ➪ System Preferences and then going to the International control panel’s Input Menu pane; in Snow Leopard, turn on the Input menu item by choosing Ú ➪ System Preferences and then going to the Languages & Text control panel’s Input Sources pane. In both versions of Mac OS X, select the Show Input Menu in Menu Bar option. Similarly, Windows has a tool to access special symbols, as shown in Figure 23.3: Windows XP, Vista, and 7 all have the Character Map utility. Character Map is usually available through the Windows Start menu; choose Start ➪ All Programs ➪ Accessories ➪ System Tools ➪ Character Map. (If you use the Classic Start Menu interface, choose Start ➪ Accessories ➪ System Tools ➪ Character Map.) FIGURE 23.3 Top left: Mac OS X Snow Leopard’s Character Viewer. Bottom left: Mac OS X Leopard’s Character Palette. Upper right: Mac OS X’s Keyboard Viewer. Bottom right: Windows Character Map. 33_607169-ch23.indd 56033_607169-ch23.indd 560 4/22/10 8:01 PM4/22/10 8:01 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Chapter 23: Using Special Characters 561 On both platforms, you can also use a utility like Ergonis PopChar, which adds a quick-access icon to the Mac and Windows menu bars. (This book’s companion Web site, www.InDesignCentral. com , has links to this and other utilities.) If you don’t want to use one of these utilities in all your applications but instead want to take advantage of your word processor’s tools, note that the popular word processors have their own feature for special character access: l In Microsoft Word (Mac or Windows), choose Insert ➪ Symbol. (It may also be accessible through the toolbar if you added this command to your toolbar; look for the button with the Ω character.) l In Corel WordPerfect, choose Insert ➪ Symbol. (Use the Set popup menu to switch among different types of symbols.) l In Apple iWork Pages, choose Edit ➪ Special Characters. (Use the list of symbol categories at left to switch among different types of symbols.) Understanding Special Spaces, Dashes, and Quotes Typographers have long had a wide arsenal of spaces, dashes, and hyphens to control text appear- ance. Although word processors offer some of these characters, InDesign goes way beyond what most people even know exists. Using special spaces One way to carefully fine-tune spacing is to literally replace individual spaces with special spaces. Instead of narrowing and widening with tracking and justification settings, these special spaces maintain their widths. InDesign provides 13 special space options in two categories: nonbreaking spaces and fixed-width spaces. Nonbreaking spaces A nonbreaking space glues two words together, ensuring that a line doesn’t wrap between two words if you don’t want it to. For example, you might want to use a nonbreaking space in OS X so that OS doesn’t end on one line with X starting on the next line. Nonbreaking spaces are also handy if you put spaces on either side of your dashes; they make sure that a dash is glued to the word before it. All are available by choosing the desired space from the Type ➪ Insert White Space submenu. InDesign has two types of nonbreaking spaces: the regular one, whose size is variable and thus can be adjusted the way any other regular space in a line can be, and the fixed-width one, which essen- tially is a nonbreaking en space. The regular nonbreaking space is the one you’ll use 99 percent of the time. 33_607169-ch23.indd 56133_607169-ch23.indd 561 4/22/10 8:01 PM4/22/10 8:01 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Part V: Text Fundamentals 562 Fixed-width spaces Fixed-width spaces keep their size intact no matter how much InDesign adjusts regular spaces elsewhere in your text as part of its text-flow and composition decisions. The three most common fixed-width spaces are the em space (the width of a capital M, which also happens to be the same width as the type size), the en space (the width of a capital N, which hap- pens to be half the width of an em space), and the thin space (the width of a lowercase t, which happens to be a quarter the width of an em space). But InDesign’s creators are control freaks, so they offer a lot more fixed-width space options than just the common em, en, and thin spaces, as Table 23.2 shows. l A punctuation space is the width of a comma or period, useful in aligning text in tables. l A figure space is the width of a standard (tabular lining) numeral, also useful in aligning text in tables. l A flush space is used to fill out a line between an end-of-story character and the text on the rest of line, but it works only if the paragraph is set to Full Justify. Frankly, it’s easier to use a right tab character (press Shift+Tab), which does the same thing no matter what justification is applied to your paragraph. l A hair space is essentially half a thin space and is typically used instead of kerning to nudge slightly overlapping characters away from each other. l The other spaces — third space, quarter space, and sixth space — are the specified frac- tions of an em space’s width. The non-joiner character is a zero-width space character that you’ll hardly use because it’s really designed for languages such as Arabic and Devanagari, in which letterforms get joined in some cir- cumstances but not others. The non-joiner prevents the characters from being joined, overriding any automatic font options. In English, you might use this character to manually prevent automatic ligatures (the only circumstance in which characters are joined together in English). Using dashes Many people confuse the two types of dashes used in typography: the em dash and en dash. All about em dashes An em dash (so called because it is the width of a capital M) is the most common dash and is used to indicate a break in sentence flow, either for an inserted phrase (sort of a supersize parenthesis) or to indicate a complete change in thought (which typically occurs in transcribed text). 33_607169-ch23.indd 56233_607169-ch23.indd 562 4/22/10 8:01 PM4/22/10 8:01 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Chapter 23: Using Special Characters 563 TABLE 23.2 Shortcuts for Spaces, Dashes, Hyphens, and Quotes Character Mac Shortcut Windows Shortcut Em space ( ) Shift+Ô+M Ctrl+Shift+M En space ( ) Shift+Ô+N Ctrl+Shift+N Thin space ( ) Option+Shift+Ô+M Ctrl+Alt+Shift+M Nonbreaking space Option+Ô+X Ctrl+Alt+X Em dash (—) Option+Shift+– Alt+Shift+– or Alt+0151 En dash (–) Option+– Alt+– or Alt+0150 Nonbreaking hyphen Option+Ô+– Ctrl+Alt+– Discretionary hyphen Shift+Ô+– Ctrl+Shift+– “ (open double quote) Option+[ Shift+Alt+[ ” (closed double quote) Shift+Option+[ Shift+Alt+] ‘ (open single quote) Option+] Alt+[ ’ (closed single quote) Shift+Option+] Alt+] " (keyboard double quote) Option+shift+' Ctrl+Alt+' ' (keyboard single quote/apostrophe) Ô+' Ctrl+' ` (keyboard open single quote) ` ` When you import text from a word processor, InDesign converts two consecutive hyphens — the way you indicate a dash in a typewriter — to a real em dash. InDesign doesn’t do this when you type, however, so you must specify the em dash through the torturous menu command Type ➪ Insert Special Character ➪ Hyphens and Dashes ➪ Em Dash or know its keyboard shortcut (Option+Shift+– or Alt+Shift+–). Platform Difference Note that most Windows programs don’t use the Alt+Shift+– shortcut for an em dash; if they don’t have their own shortcut, you can use the universal Windows shortcut Alt+0151 (be sure to type the numbers from the numeric keypad, not from the keyboard). By the way, the universal Windows shortcut for an en dash is Alt+0150. n Caution Microsoft Word has a default setting that converts two hyphens to an en dash (–) rather than an em dash (—), which is simply wrong typographically. Chapter 17 explains how to handle this. n 33_607169-ch23.indd 56333_607169-ch23.indd 563 4/22/10 8:01 PM4/22/10 8:01 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Part V: Text Fundamentals 564 Typographers are divided over whether you should put spaces around em dashes — like this — or not—like this. Traditionally, there is no space, but having space lets the publishing program treat the dash as a word, thereby creating an even amount of space around all words in a line. Not having a space around dashes means that the publishing program sees the two words connected by the em dash as one big word. So the spacing added to justify a line between all other words on the line may be awkwardly large because the program doesn’t know how to break a line after or before an em dash that doesn’t have space on either side. Still, whether to surround a dash with space is a decision in which personal preferences should prevail. Spacing Em Dashes — or Not All about en dashes The en dash, so called because it is the width of a capital N, is traditionally used to: l Separate numerals, as in a range of values or dates (pages 41–63) l Label a figure (Figure 23–1), although publishers are divided on whether to do this (some just use a regular hyphen) l Indicate a negative value (–45) as a minus sign l Indicate an interrupted hyphenation (first– and business-class passengers) l Indicate a multiple-word hyphenation (Civil War–era rifle) Of course, many people don’t use an en dash at all — or incorrectly use it as an em dash. Although desktop publishing has made it easy for almost anyone to produce good-looking documents, most people have no clue about the use of special characters that typographers and copy editors have traditionally applied to final documents. Using quotation marks and apostrophes By default, InDesign replaces the keyboard’s typewriter-style, straight quotation marks (" and ') and apostrophe (') with the typographic, curly quotation marks (‘ ’ “ ”). That’s because the Use Typographer’s Quotes is enabled by default in the Type pane of the Preferences dialog box (choose InDesign ➪ Preferences ➪ Type or press Ô+K on the Mac, or choose Edit ➪ Preferences ➪ Type or press Ctrl+K in Windows). The Use Typographer’s Quote setting applies both to quotation marks in imported text and quotation marks you type in InDesign. Tip You can change the quotation marks that InDesign uses in the Dictionary pane of the Preferences dialog box, as Chapter 19 explains. n 33_607169-ch23.indd 56433_607169-ch23.indd 564 4/22/10 8:01 PM4/22/10 8:01 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. [...]... Fundamentals Tracking Changes in InDesign To track the text changes that different people make in an InDesign layout (you cant track layout or graphics changes), you use several capabilities in InDesign You can also see the tracked changes in an imported Microsoft Word file New Feature The ability to track and approve text changes in InDesign is new to InDesign CS5 InDesign CS4 could track changes,... for that work but it does let copy editors, editors, and other wordsmiths work on InDesign layouts to make sure headlines fit, stories fit, and captions can be written in context without needing a full copy of InDesign InCopy is a separate program that runs by itself for text-editing stories in an InDesign layout, but InDesign includes an InCopy plug-in that lets you set up your documents so InCopy... trade InDesign files and do not buy the extra-cost InCopy In Design CS5 addresses that deficit, adding text-change tracking to InDesign itself Thats not to say you shouldnt consider using InCopy, especially if you work in a large workgroup with strict separation of roles typical for magazines, newspapers, and white paperstyle marketing collateral InCopy is not a layout tool your designers use InDesign. .. Spellchecking If selected, this option tells InDesign to check the spelling of deleted text (the idea being that if you restore the deletion you want to make sure it is correctly spelled); if this option is deselected, InDesign ignores deleted text while spell-checking (Chapter 19 explains how to spell-check in InDesign. ) Setting Up Workgroup Assignments InDesign comes ready out of the box to work with... tabs, the chances of items lining up in InDesign as they do in the word processor are pretty close to zero That means a lot of clean-up work for the designers Before you start setting tabs in InDesign, take a look at the tabs already entered in the text You can check this out in your word processor or in text that has been placed in InDesign To view tab characters in InDesign, choose Type Show Hidden Characters,... from which users can work on specific stories in the layout as you work in InDesign on the layout as a whole Identifying the user The first thing you should do if you plan to use the InCopy features within InDesign is to set up your user name so that InCopy can track every change you make (If you use the tracked-changes feature in InDesign, you would already have set up a user name.) Choose File User... of the standard InDesign preferences panes in the Preferences dialog box New Feature InCopy CS5 includes the Eyedropper tool so you can sample texts formatting and apply it to other text, as Chapter 20 explains Also, when you print, there is now a Collate option in the Print dialog boxs General pane so you dont have to sort printed versions by hand (Chapter 31 covers printing) InCopy CS5 also brings... you dont have to sort printed versions by hand (Chapter 31 covers printing) InCopy CS5 also brings in several capabilities introduced in InDesign CS5, including the Mini Bridge panel and the various CS Live subscriptionbased services covered in Chapter 1 n Note Like InDesign, InCopy lets you save workspaces with your preferred panels and menus (see Chapter 2) That also means that not all menu options... Full Menus Just as in InDesign, you must set a user name when working in InCopy so that the program can track who has made what change The User dialog box (choose File User) is the same as the one covered earlier in this chapter for InDesign n 581 Part VI: Business Document Fundamentals Whats different? Plenty Position tool First, note that InCopy has a different selection tool than InDesign: InCopys... users tend to do a lot of work via the keyboard, this panel can be a very handy tool for fast formatting n Summary InDesign CS5 lets you track changes made to text in your layouts, as well as those made in imported Microsoft Word files, and manage what changes are accepted and rejected InDesign also comes out of the box with the tools needed to prepare stories for editing in a workgroup environment . users who trade InDesign files and do not buy the extra-cost InCopy. In Design CS5 addresses that deficit, adding text-change tracking to InDesign itself needing a full copy of InDesign. InCopy is a separate program that runs by itself for text-editing stories in an InDesign layout, but InDesign includes an