Tài liệu InDesign CS5 Bible- P9 pptx

Part IV Graphics Fundamentals IN THIS PART Chapter 14 Importing Graphics Chapter 15 Fitting Graphics and Frames Together Chapter 16 Drawing Free-form Shapes and Curved Paths 22_607169-pp04.indd 35522_607169-pp04.indd 355 4/22/10 7:55 PM4/22/10 7:55 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 22_607169-pp04.indd 35622_607169-pp04.indd 356 4/22/10 7:55 PM4/22/10 7:55 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 357 CHAPTER Importing Graphics IN THIS CHAPTER Preparing files for import from graphics programs Understanding special considerations for supported graphics formats Working with files across platforms Understanding color issues Using the Place dialog box to import graphics Specifying import options for various graphics formats Exporting graphics Working with imported graphics’ layers Figuring out other ways to import graphics Y ou can import graphics of all sorts into your InDesign documents in several ways. InDesign is particularly adept at importing graphics cre- ated in popular Mac and Windows formats; and through the Mac and Windows Clipboards (copy and paste), you can import file formats — to a limited degree — that InDesign doesn’t directly support. Because InDesign has some built-in graphics features, as described in Chapters 15 and 16, you may be tempted to use InDesign as your graphics program. Don’t. Its tools are fine for some work, such as creating shapes that text wraps around, borders, and gradations of color — but InDesign is not meant to be a professional graphics-creation tool. In fact, it’s designed to work closely with such professional tools, especially Adobe’s Illustrator and Photoshop. Particularly for bitmap images such as scanned files and photographs, InDesign has few capabilities to apply special effects or otherwise manipulate the image’s content, so you should do as much work as possible in your image editor before importing the file into InDesign. For example, you can resize, crop, rotate, and slant an imported image in InDesign, but you can’t convert it from a full-color image into a duotone or change its line screen or brightness and contrast. The bottom line is this: Use your graphics program for creating and editing original images and photos. Use InDesign’s graphics features to embellish your layout, rather than create original artwork. InDesign lets you easily open a graphics program to edit placed images from within InDesign. You can select the images and choose Edit ➪ Edit Original, or you can press and hold Option or Alt and then double-click the images. InDesign launches the programs that created the graphics; if you don’t own 23_607169-ch14.indd 35723_607169-ch14.indd 357 4/22/10 7:56 PM4/22/10 7:56 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Part IV: Graphics Fundamentals 358 those programs, InDesign launches compatible programs if you have them. For example, if you Option+double-click or Alt+double-click an Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file in your layout that was created in Adobe Illustrator, but you use CorelDraw instead, InDesign launches CorelDraw on your system. New Feature The ability to open multiple files with the Edit Original command is new to InDesign CS5. n InDesign lets you specify what program you want to edit a graphic in — not have InDesign choose for you — by selecting the graphic and then choosing Edit ➪ Edit With. The submenu that appears lists all the programs that InDesign thinks can edit the graphic. Pick one or choose Other to browse your computer for a different application. Cross-Reference Transformations such as resizing, flipping, rotating, and skewing that you’re likely to apply to imported graph- ics use the same tools as for any InDesign objects, so all these transformations are covered in one place: Chapter 11. The effects that you can apply to any object, including graphics, are covered in Chapter 12. n Preparing Graphics Files InDesign offers support for many major formats of graphics files. Some formats are more appropriate than others for certain kinds of tasks. The basic rules for creating your graphics files are as follows: l Save line art in a format such as EPS, PDF, Adobe Illustrator, Windows Metafile (WMF), Enhanced Metafile (EMF), or PICT. (These object-oriented formats are called vector formats. Vector files are composed of instructions on how to draw various shapes.) InDesign works best with EPS, PDF, and Illustrator files. l Save bitmaps (photos and scans) in a format such as TIFF, Adobe Photoshop, PNG, JPEG, PCX, Windows Bitmap (BMP), GIF, Scitex Continuous Tone (SCT), or PICT. (These pixel-oriented formats are called bitmap or raster formats. They are composed of a series of dots, or pixels, that make up the image.) InDesign works best with TIFF and Photoshop files. Note that PICT files can be in vector or bitmap format depending on the original image and the pro- gram in which it was created or exported from. If you enlarge a PICT image and it begins to look blocky, it’s a bitmap. Similarly, EPS and PDF files can contain bitmap images as well as vector ones. InDesign can import InDesign files as if they were graphics; when importing a multipage docu- ment, you choose the page you want to import, as you can with PDF files. Note that InDesign files imported as graphics cannot be edited directly in the InDesign layout they were placed in; you must update the original file instead in a separate window. 23_607169-ch14.indd 35823_607169-ch14.indd 358 4/22/10 7:56 PM4/22/10 7:56 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Chapter 14: Importing Graphics 359 I suggest that you make EPS and TIFF formats your standards because these have become the stan- dard graphics formats in publishing. If you and your service bureau work almost exclusively with Adobe software, you can add the PDF, Illustrator, and Photoshop formats to this mix. (The Illustrator and PDF formats are variants of EPS.) If you use transparency in your graphics, it’s best to save them in Photoshop, Illustrator, or PDF formats because other formats (particularly EPS and TIFF) remove much of the transparency layering data that helps an imagesetter optimally repro- duce those transparent files. Graphics embedded in text files Modern word processors typically support inline graphics, letting you import a graphic into your word processor document and embed it in text. Word, for example, lets you import graphics, and InDesign, in turn, can import the graphics with your text. However, graphics embedded in your word-processor document through the long-defunct Mac OS 8 and 9’s Publish and Subscribe or OLE in Windows do not import into InDesign. These technologies are rarely used today, so you’ll encounter this issue only with old text files. Inline graphics import as their preview images, not as the original files. This means that in most cases, you get a much lower resolution version in your InDesign layout. Despite their limitations, using inline graphics in your word processor can be helpful when you’re putting together an InDesign document: Use the inline graphics whose previews are imported into InDesign as place- holders so that the layout artist knows you have embedded graphics. The artist can then replace the previews with the better quality originals. Tip If you find yourself using several graphics as characters (such as a company icon used as a bullet), use a font- creation program such as FontLab Studio or FontLab Fontographer to create a symbol typeface with those graphics. Then both your word processor and layout documents can use the same high-quality versions. Go to www.InDesignCentral.com for links to these programs. n InDesign imports many file formats. If your graphics program’s format is not one of the ones listed here, chances are it can save as or export to one. In the following list, the text in monofont and parentheses is the file name extension common for these files on PCs. The graphics file formats InDesign imports include: l BMP: The native Windows bitmap format ( .bmp , .dib ). l EPS: The Encapsulated PostScript file format favored by professional publishers. A variant is called DCS, a color-separated variant whose full name is Desktop Color Separation ( .eps , .dcs ). l GIF: The Graphics Interchange Format common in Web documents ( .gif ). l Illustrator: The native format in Adobe Illustrator 5.5 through CS5 is similar to EPS ( .ai ). l InDesign: You can import other InDesign documents as if they were graphics; you can even choose which pages to import as if they were separate graphics ( .indd ). 23_607169-ch14.indd 35923_607169-ch14.indd 359 4/22/10 7:56 PM4/22/10 7:56 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Part IV: Graphics Fundamentals 360 l JPEG: The Joint Photographic Expert Group compressed bitmap format often used on the Web ( .jpg or .jpeg ). l PCX: The PC Paintbrush format that was very popular in DOS programs and early ver- sions of Windows; other formats have now largely supplanted it ( .pcx , .rle ). l PDF: The Portable Document Format that is a variant of PostScript (as EPS is) and is used for Web-, network-, and CD-based documents. InDesign CS5 supports PDF versions 1.3 through 1.8 (the formats used in Acrobat 4 through 9) ( .pdf ). l Photoshop: The native format in Adobe Photoshop 5.0 through CS5 ( .psd) . Note that InDesign cannot import Photoshop RAW format ( .raw ) files. l PICT: Short for Picture, the Mac’s native graphics format until Mac OS X (it can be bitmap or vector) that is little used in professional documents and is becoming rare even for inex- pensive clip art ( .pct ). l PNG: The Portable Network Graphics format introduced several years ago as a more capa- ble alternative to GIF ( .png ). l Scitex CT: The continuous-tone bitmap format used on Scitex prepress systems ( .ct ). l TIFF: The Tagged Image File Format that is the bitmap standard for professional image editors and publishers ( .tif or .tiff ). l Windows Metafile: The format native to Windows but little used in professional docu- ments. Since Office 2000, Microsoft applications create a new version called Enhanced Metafile ( .wmf , .emf ). Note Spot colors (called spot inks in Photoshop) are imported into InDesign when you place Photoshop, Illustrator, and PDF images into InDesign, as well as for InDesign documents imported as graphics. They appear in the Swatches panel, which is covered in Chapter 8. n InDesign does not support a few somewhat popular formats: l AutoCAD Document Exchange Format (DXF) l Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) l CorelDraw l Eastman Kodak’s Photo CD l Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) DXF and CGM are vector formats used mainly in engineering and architecture, CorelDraw is the native format of the leading consumer-oriented Windows illustration program, Photo CD is a bit- map format meant for electronically distributed photographs, and SVG is a Web-oriented format for rich vector graphics. 23_607169-ch14.indd 36023_607169-ch14.indd 360 4/22/10 7:56 PM4/22/10 7:56 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Chapter 14: Importing Graphics 361 Cross-Reference InDesign can export JPEG, EPS, and PDF files. (Chapter 32 covers EPS and PDF export; Chapter 4 covers JPEG export.) n Issues with vector files Vector images are complex because they can combine multiple elements — curves, lines, colors, fonts, bitmap images, and even other imported vector images. This means that you can unknow- ingly create a file that can cause problems when you try to output an InDesign layout file using it. Thus, when dealing with vector formats, you need to keep several issues in mind. Embedded fonts When you use fonts in text included in your graphics files, you usually have the option to convert the text to curves (graphics). This option ensures that your text prints on any printer. (If you don’t use this conversion, make sure that your printer or service bureau has the fonts used in the graphic. Otherwise, the text does not print in the correct font; you likely get Courier or Helvetica instead.) If your graphic has a lot of text, don’t convert the text to curves — the image could get very com- plex and slow down printing. In this case, make sure that the output device has the same fonts as are in the graphic. PostScript files: EPS, DCS, Illustrator, and PDF PostScript-based files come in several varieties — EPS, DCS, Illustrator, and PDF — and because the format is a complex one, there are more issues to be aware of up front. EPS The usual hang-up with EPS files is the preview header. The preview is a displayable copy of the EPS file. Because EPS files are actually made up of a series of commands that tell the printer how to draw the image, what you see on-screen is not the actual graphic. Most programs create a preview You can also place video and audio files in your layout in the same way you place graphics. These files will print or display in print PDF files as if they were graphics: A frame of the video is used as the image, and audio files show as a speaker-icon image. Chapter 34 explains how to use these file format for interactive documents created in InDesign. The supported file formats are: l Video: Flash video ( .flv and .f4v ), QuickTime ( .mov ) movie, and Microsoft AVI ( .avi ) video. l Animation: Flash Player ( .swf ) presentation. l Audio: MP3 ( .mp3 ) music, Apple AIFF ( .aiff ) music, and Microsoft WAV ( .wav ) sound. InDesign’s Audio and Video Import Support 23_607169-ch14.indd 36123_607169-ch14.indd 361 4/22/10 7:56 PM4/22/10 7:56 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Part IV: Graphics Fundamentals 362 image for EPS files, but many programs have trouble reading them, especially if the EPS file was generated on a different platform. In those cases, they display an X or a gray box in place of the image. (The EPS file prints properly to a PostScript printer.) That’s why InDesign creates its own preview image when you import EPS files, lessening the chances of your seeing just an X or a gray box in place of the EPS preview. When you import EPS files, InDesign lets you control some settings if you select Show Import Options in the Place dialog box, as covered later in this chapter. You can apply Photoshop clipping paths in the file (see Chapter 15), choose the preview format, convert the PostScript vector infor- mation into a bitmap (a process called rasterization), or embed links to OPI high-resolution source images (see Chapter 31 for details on OPI). Tip In CorelDraw 6.0 and later, and in Adobe Illustrator 6.0 and later, be sure to set the EPS creation options to have no preview header. This keeps your files smaller. (In CorelDraw, export to EPS. In Illustrator 6.0 and later, save as Illustrator EPS. Note that Illustrator 5.x’s native format is EPS, so don’t look for an export or save-as option.) n Caution If you use transparency in your graphics, it’s best to leave the files in Adobe Illustrator format rather than save them to EPS. Chapter 31 explains the issues in more depth. n DCS The DCS variant of EPS is a set of five files: an EPS preview file that links together four separation files (one each for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black). Using this format ensures correct color sepa- ration when you output negatives for use in commercial printing. Service bureaus that do color correction often prefer these files over standard EPS files. One variation of the DCS file format, DCS 2.0, also supports spot color plates in addition to the standard plates for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. You should not use DCS files if you intend to create composite proof files or in-RIP separations from InDesign — InDesign ignores the DCS separation files and just uses the preview file for out- put. (RIP stands for raster-image processor.) Cross-Reference Only use DCS files if you’re outputting separations (but not in-RIP separations). Chapter 30 covers this in detail. n Illustrator Adobe Illustrator files are very similar to EPS files except that they don’t have a preview header, and they better support transparency settings in graphics. There are no special concerns for Illustrator files; just be sure to note the font and color issues mentioned previously in this section. As described later in this chapter, InDesign can differentiate layers in an Illustrator file, letting you decide which ones to display in your layout. 23_607169-ch14.indd 36223_607169-ch14.indd 362 4/22/10 7:56 PM4/22/10 7:56 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Chapter 14: Importing Graphics 363 InDesign InDesign files contain all sorts of elements — text, graphics, and even sounds, hyperlinks, and movies — presented as one or more pages. When you import an InDesign file, InDesign treats it as a graphic and can place one or more of the file’s pages (if it has more than one page) into your doc- ument as a graphic. You can crop, resize, and do other such manipulations common to any graphic, but to change its text or other components you have to edit the original InDesign file. PDF PDF files can contain all sorts of elements — text, graphics, sounds, hyperlinks, and movies — presented as one or more pages with the visual richness of a print document. When you import a PDF file, InDesign treats it as a graphic and can place one or more of the PDF file’s pages (if it has more than one page) into your document as an uneditable graphic. You can crop, resize, and do other such manipulations common to any graphic, but you can’t work with the text or other of the imported PDF file’s components. Note Special PDF features, such as sounds, movies, hyperlinks, control buttons, and annotations, are ignored in the imported file. n Other vector formats If you’re outputting to negatives for professional printing, you should avoid non-PostScript vector formats, but they’re fine for printing to inkjet and laser printers. PICT The standard Mac format for drawings, PICT also supports bitmaps and was the standard format for Mac OS 8 and 9 screen-capture utilities. InDesign imports PICT files with no difficulty, but it cannot color-separate them for output to negatives. Because fonts in vector PICT graphics are auto- matically translated to curves, you need not worry about whether fonts used in your graphics reside in your printer or are available at your service provider. Windows Metafile The standard Windows format for drawing, Windows Metafile is similar to PICT in that it can con- tain bitmap images as well as vector drawings. However, InDesign ignores bitmap information in Windows Metafiles, stripping it out during import. Microsoft Office 2000 introduced a new ver- sion of this format, called Enhanced Metafile, which InDesign also supports. Issues with bitmap formats Bitmap (also called raster) formats are simpler than vector formats because they’re made up of rows of dots (pixels), not instructions on how to draw various shapes; but that doesn’t mean that all bit- maps are alike. 23_607169-ch14.indd 36323_607169-ch14.indd 363 4/22/10 7:56 PM4/22/10 7:56 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Part IV: Graphics Fundamentals 364 Professional-level bitmap formats Although InDesign supports a wide variety of bitmap formats, there is usually just one to worry about if you’re producing professional documents for output on a printing press: TIFF. (You may also use the Scitex CT format if you’re using Scitex output equipment to produce your negatives.) I suggest you convert other formats to TIFF using your image editor (Corel Photo-Paint and Adobe Photoshop, the two top image editors, import and export most formats, as do other modern image- editing programs) or a conversion program such as the Mac shareware program GraphicConverter, Equilibrium’s DeBabelizer for Mac, the shareware program Advanced Batch Converter (for Windows), or DataViz’s Conversions Plus (for Windows) and MacLinkPlus (for Mac). Cross-Reference For links to graphics conversion tools, go to this book’s companion Web site at www.InDesignCentral.com . n Photoshop InDesign can import version 4.0 and later of this popular image editor’s file format. When you place Photoshop files in InDesign, you can control how the alpha channel is imported — be sure to select Show Import Options in the Place dialog box to get this control. You also can apply any embedded clipping paths (see Chapter 15) and import or exclude any embedded color profile. As described later in this chapter, InDesign can differentiate layers in a Photoshop image, letting you decide what ones to display in your layout. Cross-Reference The Photoshop format also supports transparency very well, which helps avoid later printing problems, as Chapter 31 explains. n Scitex CT The continuous-tone Scitex CT format is used with Scitex output high-resolution devices and is usually produced by Scitex scanners. If you’re using this format, you should be outputting to a Scitex system. Otherwise, you’re not going to get the advantage of its high resolution. TIFF The most popular bitmap format for publishers is TIFF, developed by Aldus (later bought by Adobe Systems) and Microsoft. TIFF supports color up to 24 bits (16.7 million colors) in both RGB and CMYK models, and every major photo-editing program supports TIFF on both the Mac and in Windows. TIFF also supports grayscale and black-and-white files. The biggest advantage to using TIFF files rather than other formats that also support color, such as PICT, is that InDesign is designed to take advantage of TIFF. For example, in an image editor, you can set clipping paths in a TIFF file, which act as a mask for the image. InDesign sees a path and uses it as the image boundary, making the area outside of it invisible. That in turn lets you have nonrectangular bitmap images in your layout — the clipping path becomes the visible boundary for your TIFF image. InDesign also supports embedded alpha channels and color profiles in TIFF files. 23_607169-ch14.indd 36423_607169-ch14.indd 364 4/22/10 7:56 PM4/22/10 7:56 PM Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. [...]... If you choose Use PDF’s Layer Visibility, InDesign makes all layers visible in Illustrator or Acrobat when you update the link to the graphic from InDesign If you choose Keep Layer Visibility Overrides, InDesign imports only the layers you select in this dialog box if you later update the graphic in Photoshop Place InDesign Document dialog box When you import InDesign files to use as a graphic, you have... elements within the graphic are not selectable or modifiable within InDesign However, if you drag and drop Illustrator objects from an Illustrator document window into an InDesign document window, each object becomes a separate, editable InDesign object, as though you had created it in InDesign Note For Illustrator objects to be editable in InDesign, be sure that Prefer PDF When Pasting is deselected in... from InDesign However, be sure to stick with common color models, particularly CMYK and Pantone It’s also best to do any special effects in your graphics program; InDesign has limited abilities to manipulate graphics beyond layout-oriented functions such as resizing, cropping, flipping, slanting, and text wrap To ease access to your graphics programs, InDesign lets you open them from within InDesign InDesign... choose Use Photoshop’s Layer Visibility, InDesign makes all layers visible in Photoshop when you update the link to the graphic from InDesign If you choose Keep Layer Visibility Overrides, InDesign imports only the layers chosen in this dialog box if you later update the graphic in Photoshop 373 Part IV: Graphics Fundamentals After such layered images are placed in InDesign, you can change what layers... importing multiple graphics, you can draw a separate frame for each, as well as for some and not others New Feature The option to create static captions when importing a graphic is new to InDesign CS5 Also new to InDesign CS5 is the ability to set a graphics frame to automatically resize a placed image as the frame is resized The frame must have autofit enabled, as Chapter 15 explains; you can also set... graphics file between two InDesign documents or from a document created with another program into an InDesign document l You can drag and drop graphics file icons from your computer’s desktop into InDesign documents You can also drag graphics files from Adobe Bridge or the Mini Bridge panel l For Illustrator files, you can drag or copy and paste objects directly from Illustrator into InDesign Depending on... are not editable in InDesign To set your preference for copying or dragging vector objects from Illustrator into InDesign, go to the File Handling pane of the Preferences dialog box (choose InDesign ➪ Preferences ➪ File Handling or press Ô+K on the Mac, or choose Edit ➪ Preferences ➪ File Handling or press Ctrl+K in Windows) If you want to place fully editable vector objects in InDesign, go to the... objects into InDesign Copy and paste If you copy an object in an InDesign document and then paste it into a different InDesign document, the copy retains all the attributes of the original In the case of a copied and pasted graphic, all import settings, frame modifications, and graphic modifications are retained, as is the link to the original graphics file When you copy and paste a graphic into an InDesign. .. and the InDesign document is not established The graphic becomes part of the InDesign document, as though you created it using InDesign tools A vector image, such as a pasted graphic, is editable only if you deselect Prefer PDF When Pasting in the Clipboard Handling pane of the Preferences dialog box, as described in the previous section 377 Part IV: Graphics Fundamentals Drag and drop When an InDesign. .. file InDesign tries to translate the colors 372 Chapter 14: Importing Graphics in the file to the colors that the output device is capable of producing (These profiles are installed in your operating system by other applications, not InDesign. ) Cross-Reference See Chapter 29 for more information about using InDesign s color management features n Use the Rendering Intent popup menu to determine how InDesign . instead, InDesign launches CorelDraw on your system. New Feature The ability to open multiple files with the Edit Original command is new to InDesign CS5. n InDesign. create static captions when importing a graphic is new to InDesign CS5. Also new to InDesign CS5 is the ability to set a graphics frame to automatically