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REPORTED SPEECH I USES: Chúng ta dùng câu tường thuật để nhắc lại, kể lại lời nói trước E.g Tom: What did you at school yesterday, Jerry? Jerry: I played football (Tom: Bạn làm trường hơm qua Jerry? Jerry: Mình chơi bóng đá) Tom asked Jerry what he had done at school the day before Jerry replied that he had played football II FORM : Thông thường chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp ta lùi lại Statement: Câu tường thuật Ex: Form: S + said to sb/ told sb + that + Mệnh đề lùi “I will come back tomorrow” Mary said Mary said that she would come back the next day Note: said => said that / said to sb => told sb that Reporting verbs (động từ tường thuật): say, tell, inform, persuade , announce, believe, claim, explain, reply, say, think (+that) Commands, requests: Câu yêu cầu, đề nghị Form: S+ asked / told + sb + (not) + to V Ex: “Don't talk in class” The teacher said to us The teacher told us not to talk in class Offers and Advice: We can use “to do” to report orders and advice Form: S+ offered to , S + advised sb to dohelp you to write your CV – “I’ll E.x My brother offered to help me - “I think you should learn how to use computer.” My teacher advised us to learn how to use computer Yes / No Questions Form: S + asked/wondered/wanted to know + (sb) + if / whether + Mệnh đề lùi Ex: "Can you speak English, Diep?" I asked I asked Diep if she could speak English Wh-Question Form: S + asked + (sb) + Wh + Mệnh đề lùi Ex: “Where are you from?” He asked me He asked me where I were from Khơng lùi thì: Ta khơng lùi tường thuật việc ln ln cịn e.g “The sun moves around the "earth." → She said that the sun moves around the earth Form: S+ V (hiện tại) + (sb) + Mệnh để khơng lùi Ex: “I'm very exhausted now” she says She says she is very exhausted now * BẢNG LÙI THÌ DIRECT SPEECH Simple present Present continuous Present perfect Simple past Past continuous Future (will/shall) Near future (be going to V) Can May Must Needn’t * BẢNG LÙI TRẠNG NGỮ DIRECT SPEECH this these here now ago today tonight tomorrow yesterday next + N last + N REPORTED SPEECH Simple past Past continuous Past perfect Past perfect Past perfect continuous Future in the past (would/ should) Was/were going to V Could Might Had to Didn’t have to REPORTED SPEECH that those there then before (earlier) that day that night the next day the following day the day after the previous day the day before the following + N the N + after the previous + N the N + before REPORTED SPEECH I Change into the reported speech He said “I have already read this book” Tom said to his sister “I want to buy a gift for our mother” Mrs Brown said “Where are they living?" “Do you know the girl over there?" Tom said Mother said "Nam, why don't you go to bed?” “May I use your telephone?" said my neighbor The manager said “Come into my office, please? “Do not get off the bus while it's going” said the driver She asked to the little boy "Take a look at yourself in the mirror!” 10 “Don't put your elbow on the table!” he said II Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions "I'm a big fan of U23.” Derek said - Derek said he a big fan of U23 A was B has been C were D had been "We're watching TV," said the twins - The twins said they TV A watched B were watching C have been watching D had watched “You've been annoying me all day!" my mum said - My mum said I her all day A annoyed B was annoying C have been annoying D had been annoying "The dog ate my homework!” said Ivan - Ivan said the dog his homework A was eating B has eaten C.ate D had eaten "At one o'clock, I was having lunch," said Molly - Molly said she lunch at one o'clock A had been having B has had C is having D has been having "You'll get wet without an umbrella," Dad said - Dad said I wet without an umbrella A will be getting B got C would be getting D would get "He can juggle five balls!" said Angie - Angie said he five balls A juggled B had juggled C would juggle D could juggle “You must give me your essays," Mrs Vine said - Mrs Vine said we give her our essays A were having to B would have to C had to D must “Could you pass me the salt, please?" I asked the man next to me Tasked the man next to me me the salt A pass B if he passes C to pass D if he would pass 10 "Would you mind waiting for a moment?" the shop assistant asked the woman The shop assistant asked the woman for a moment A to wait B waiting C if she waits D if she minds waiting 11 “Please don't leave your dirty football boots in the hall," Mum said to Doug Mum told Doug dirty football boots in the hall A that he doesn't leave his B not to leave his C not to leave your D don't leave his 12 "Could you tell us where you were at six o'clock?" the police officer asked Barry The police officer asked Barry had been at six o'clock A telling him where you B where he tells him he C to tell him where youD to tell him where he 13 "Could I have your e-mail address?" I asked Mariella - I asked Mariella e -mail address A to give me her B give me your C give me her D gave me your 14 "Can I have a new Xbox for my birthday?" I asked my mum I asked my mum a new Xbox for my birthday A that she gets me B get me C to get me D if she could have me 15 "What's your name?" she asked me - She asked me A what your name is B what your name was C what my name is D what my name was 16 "Are you a student?" the man asked the boy - The man wanted to know A if I was a student B if the boy was a student C if I am a student D if the boy is a student 17 "What school are you going to?" he asked me - He wanted to know A what school am I going to B what school you are going to C what was the school I go to D what school I was going to 18 "I won't be home this evening because I have to work late," Mike said - Mike said that A I wouldn't be home this evening because I had to work late B he wouldn't be home this evening because he had to work late C he won't be home this evening because he has to work late D he wouldn't be home that evening because he had to work late 19 "You can sit here," the stewardess said - The stewardess said A you can sit here B I could sit here C I could sit there D you could sit there 20 “Anna left here an hour ago," she said - She told me that A Anna had left here an hour ago B Anna had left there an hour ago C Anna had left here an hour before D Anna had left there an hour before 21 "I don't want anything to eat now," he said - He said A he doesn't want anything to eat now B he didn't want anything to eat then C I didn't want anything to eat then D I didn't want anything to eat now 22 “I've only had this new bicycle since yesterday," Karen said - Karen said that A I had only had this new bicycle since yesterday B he had only had that new bicycle since the day before C I had only had this new bicycle since the day before D he's only had that new bicycle since the day before 23 "Don't waste water, Mum said to Mary - Mum told Mary A that she doesn't waste water B to waste water C don't waste water D not to waste water 24 "In China, waste is growing twice as fast as the population," the lecturer said A The lecturer said that in China, waste was growing twice as fast as the population B The lecturer said that in China, waste is growing twice as fast as the population C The lecturer said that in China, waste has been growing twice as fast as the population D The lecturer said that in China, waste had been growing twice as fast as the population 25 "Which cities have the worst waste problem?" The student asked the teacher A The student asked the teacher for which cities had the worst waste problem B The student asked the teacher to tell him which cities had the worst waste problem C The student asked the teacher which cities had the worst waste problem D The student asked the teacher which cities had had the worst waste problem 26 "How to stop humans from filling the world with trash?" A Environmentalists are wondering how to stop humans from filling the world with trash B Environmentalists are wondering how humans can stop filling the world with trash C Environmentalists were wondering how humans could stop filling the world with trash D Environmentalists were wondering how to stop humans from filling the world with trash 27 The shop assistant finally agreed a full refund A giving me B to give me C give to me D to me to give 28 Bill asked me why to go shopping with me A I hadn't invited him B hadn't I invited him C I hadn't him invited D hadn't I him invited 29 "Don't come to the interview late," my mom said A My mom told me not come to the interview late B My mom told me did not come to the interview late C My mom told me not to come to the interview late D My mom told me not coming to the interview late 30 "I will help you with your CV, Mary," Peter said A Peter advised Mary to write the CV B Peter promised to help Mary with her CV C Peter advised Mary not to write her CV D Peter wanted Mary to help with the CV 31 “ ,” the doctor advised his patient A You had better stop drinking B You had better to drink C I would like you to drink D Please drink some more 32 The woman said she in this company for over 20 years A has been working B was working C had been working D works 33 US scientists claim that they a new vaccine against malaria A were developed B have developed C had developed D was developing 34 If you saw a layer, he'd advise you legal action A take B taking C to take D for taking 35 The lecturer recommended a number of books before the exam A reading B to read C we reading D to have read 36 The boss because he was always behind the deadlines A threatened to dismiss him B suggested him to dismiss C threatened him to dismiss D promised him to dismiss 37 “Go ahead Jump again,” the instructor A urged B promised C demanded D required 38 “ ” Jim offered A Can I get you a drink? B May I drink? C Do you want to drink? D Could I drink? 39 “ ,” the workers refused A We would like to work overtime B We had better work overtime C We're afraid that we really don't want to work overtime D We're willing to work overtime 40 “ ,” Paul reminded me A Don't forget to tailor your CV to match the job descriptions B I would tailor your CV if you not mind C I remember to tailor the CV D I remember tailoring your CV 41 Ellie asked Stan to look at the new catalogue A did he want B you want C whether he wants D if he wanted 42 Stephen me he'd bought that suit in a sale A said B spoke C told D claimed 43 “What did the man say when you challenged him?” “He said he pay for the things in his bag, but I didn't believe him!” A is going to B has been going to C goes to D was going to 44 When I last saw Carrie, she told me she of applying for another job, but now she's changed her mind A thought B is thinking C was thinking D has been thinking 45 “What did they say when they realized you weren't a shoplifter?”- “They apologized me.” A to doubt B they had doubted C for doubting D the doubt of 46 “What did Maria ask you?” - “She asked me I had ever been abroad.” A that B whether C for D About 47 It's about time Mrs Richards apologized to me me a gossip in front of everybody A to have called B from calling C that she called D for having called 48 She may claim a PhD but nobody's ever actually seen the certificate A having B to have C for having D if she has 49 Tammy responded that at least she'd never lied to her parents A to say B that she said C by saying D with having said 50 The woman asked get lunch at school A can the children B if the children can C whether the children could D could the children 51 They said they had got back A the following day B the day after tomorrow C the next day D the previous day 52 The accused denied in the vicinity of the murder scene A to have ever been B have ever been C having been ever D ever having been 53 We complained the manager the poor service we received at the restaurant A on - about B at - for C with - of D to - about 54 Police are advising away from the building A people to stay B people staying C people stay D people will stay 55 The old man warned the young boys in the deep river A to swim B not to swim C don't swim D against not swimming 56 “You must give me your essays,” Mrs Vine said Mrs Vine said we give her our essays A were having to B will have to C had to D would have to III Mark the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions Tim called yesterday and said he needed the report right now A B C D Sally called from Miami and said that she was swimming here A B C D They complained that there isn't any fresh water in the local area A B C D Rosy said that she will come back there on another project the following year A B C D Tony promised that he would his homework today A B C D Clarence said he couldn't have repaired the car the next day A B C D Mr Jones told his children not to wasting fresh water A B C D The teacher asked his students to focus on your topic A B C D Sally suggested to go to school by bicycle in order to save energy A B C D 10 Harry offered lending a hand with keeping the school environment clean A B C D IV Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following sentences He received a letter saying that his application has been rejected A The letter he received said that his application had been rejected B His application has been rejected by the letter he received C It is said in the letter he received that his application has been rejected D That his application has been rejected is why he received with the letter "Your application must be submitted before the end of the month," said the secretary to applicants A The secretary told the applicants not to submit their application before the end of the month B The secretary said that the application had to be submitted before the end of the month C The secretary asked that the applicants submit their application before the end of the month D The secretary reminded the applicants to submit their applications before the end of the month "Have your seat, please," said the interviewer to him A The interviewer invited him to sit down B The interviewer offers him a post C The interviewer asked him where his seat was D The interviewer left him a seat “Never leave any gap unfilled in your application form," the student consultant said A The student consultant said he never left any gap unfilled in his application form B The student consultant advised the students not to leave any gap unfilled in their application form C The student consultant told the students to leave any gap unfilled in their application form D The student consultant helped the students leave gap unfilled in their application form “You should learn about the company before you come for the interview,” said the teacher to class A The teacher suggested that the students learn about the company before coming for the interview B The teacher asked the students to learn about the company before coming for the interview C The teacher requested that the students learn about the company before coming for the interview D The teacher warned the students to learn about the company before coming for the interview V Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage World Environment Day which is (1) on 5th June every year in an important day in the calendar of the United Nations It is one of the ways the United Nations uses to advocate for environmental (2) and call for political action Every year, UNEP (the Environment Program of the United Nations) develops a theme which is used globally to raise (3) and call for support from governments, organizations, and individuals from all over the world The theme for 2015 was "Seven Billion Dreams One Planet Consume with Care” This would also serve as the slogan for the World Environmental Day 2015 The meeting of this theme and slogan is that we have five (4) with more than seven billion people combined Although we have about billion people, we just have one planet that we live and survive The surface area is limited, shelter and food also limited If we continue using the available natural (5) as we today, our future generations may be (6) to go hungry and without homes This is why it is of vital importance to consume (7) food that is available with care Stop the wastage and use whatever resource that is available according to need, not greed “Join the race to make the world a better place” is the theme and (8) for 2016 UN World Environment Day This slogan (9) a clear message and asks everyone to get involved (10) making the world a better place to live in A found B acted C held D celebrated A experience B protection C decrease D pollution A feature B activity C ability D awareness A areas B continents C plants D stars A sources B resources C balances D increase A had B made C forced D accused A which B whatever C who D what A slogan B flag C poster D brand A requests B asks C carries D depends 10 A from B to C within D in VI Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage There are many ways that (1) helps the environment, and even the smallest step can have significant results The environmental problem of (2) is a difficult issue to fix As more waste is put into landfills, the bigger the problem gets Wastes that are not biodegradable or are slow to decompose can (3) in landfill sites for centuries, often emitting gases that could be harmful to the environment Keeping paper out of landfills is just one way that recycling helps the environment Recycling items often uses less energy than manufacturing products from natural sources Making paper that is using recycled pulp, (4) , is much less energy intensive than using new wood While there are benefits to growing trees because of the carbon dioxide that they consume, it will be the damage (5) is done to the environment by putting paper in landfills and using energy to produce new items Waste in landfills emit gases as it rots This can pollute the environment Anyone who has passed a landfill site (6) hot weather will be familiar with the unpleasant smell and flies that can be found near a landfill site Reducing the items in landfills will help to (7) the pollution that it causes Recycling wastes also typically emits less carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, thus reducing the carbon footprint of a product (8) benefit of recycling is that there is often a significant cost saving to be made when using recycle goods Recycling leaves and grass, for instance, is a great way to make compost (9) homemade compost is obviously a lot cheaper than buying compost and this is a useful way to save money Saving money through recycling ultimately helps the environment Recycling is just one of many ways that we can help the environment Every step that we take, however small, is one more towards helping and supporting the environment in which we live Getting everyone involved, from children to adults, can help produce a better environment for many (10) to come A recycling B extinction C disappearance D discharge A hills B mountain C landfills D landscapes A remain B effect C cause D attack A so B but C although D for instance A who B which C that D x A most B during C almost D nearly A Last B reduce C increase D stretch A Others B Other C Another D Further A Using B Recycled C Concluded D Made 10 A houses B generations C places D trees VII Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question HOW TO STOP WATER POLLUTION Water pollution is one of the biggest threats to the environment today There are several sources of water pollution ranging from sewage and fertilizers to soil erosion The impact of water pollution on wildlife and their natural habitats can be immense There are also a number of things that the average person can to help stop water pollution We should conserve the soil because soil conservation influences water pollution through erosion As soil is eroded by water, it transfers sediment from the land to the body of water, which is polluted by the chemicals in the sediment Phosphorus and industrial chemicals can be pulled into water through soil erosion When phosphorus levels in water become too high, they can lead to algae blooms that can cause massive fish deaths and make water unsafe for human use The best way to prevent soil erosion is to keep the banks of rivers well-covered with plants or trees Planting trees can have a significantly positive impact on the reduction in soil erosion The oil used to lubricate engines in all types of machines needs to be changed regularly When the oil is changed, it presents a number of environmental hazards if not disposed of properly When a leaky engine releases this oil into the street, it runs to the sewer and makes its way into waterways Wherever you see a lot of human recreation, you will almost always see lots of evidence of human use Wrappers, bottles and other trash are unfortunately a common site at many well-used beaches and rivers around the world It should be fairly obvious that the trash from these places often ends up in waterways and can cause pollution Plastics are an especially big issue when it comes to water contamination at beaches and waterways Picking up litter wherever you find it is honestly the best, fastest way to your part to stop this type of water pollution Organize cleaning parties with local people to make the reach larger Get businesses involved as sponsors who will donate prizes to the person who collects the most trash if you're having a hard time finding people to sign up to help It is estimated that the consumption of plastic by humans is between 250 and 300 million tons a year About 80% of the plastic in the oceans came from the land Using alternatives to plastics or using “less disposable” plastics whenever possible can have a surprising impact on ocean pollution The fact that plastic is cheap and useful for different purposes makes it obvious choices for many people Lubricants can cause environmental hazards when A they may be found in the streets B they engines work perfectly C they are not disposed properly D they are changed regularly The following are the effects of water pollution EXCEPT that A it may make water unsafe for human use B it may spoil the beauty of beaches or waterways C it may cause massive fish deaths due to algae blooms D it may keep the banks of rivers well-covered with trees Soil erosion can lead to water pollution because A massive fish deaths will make the rivers unsafe for human use B soil can be eroded by rain water C soil erosion can occur naturally everywhere D chemicals in the sediment from the soil erosion will pollute water In order to make beaches clean and green, we should A follow the trash from these places which often ends up in waterways B find places with a lot of human recreation and of evidence of human use C organize campaigns in which prizes will be given to the business who collects the most trash D ask local people to take part in cleaning up the beaches, maybe with the sponsor from businesses We can infer from the passage that A using too much plastic can cause bad effects on ocean pollution B using plastics only causes ocean pollution C we don't know how to stop water pollution D alternatives to plastics or “less disposable” plastics can make the situation worse KEY I Change into the reported speech He said “I have already read this book” He said that he had already read that book Tom said to his sister “I want to buy a gift for our mother” Tom told his sister that he wanted to buy a gift for thier mother Mrs Brown said “Where are they living?" Mrs Brown asked where they were living “Do you know the girl over there?" Tom said Tom asked me if I knew the girl over there Mother said "Nam, why don't you go to bed?” Mother told Nam not to go to bed “May I use your telephone?" said my neighbor My neighbor asked me to use my telephone The manager said “Come into my office, please? The manager asked to come in to his office “Do not get off the bus while it's going” said the driver The driver asked us not to get off the bus while it was going She asked to the little boy "Take a look at yourself in the mirror!” She told the little boy to take a look at himself in the mirror 10 “Don't put your elbow on the table!” he said He asked me not to put my elbow on the table II Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions B B D D A D D C C 10 A 11 B 12 D 13 A 14 C 15 D 16 B 17 D 18 D 19 C 20 D 21 B 22 B 23 D 24.A 25.C 26.D 27 B 28 A 29 C 30 B 31 A 32 C 33 B 34 C 35 A 36 A 37 A 38 A 39 C 40 A 41 D 42 C 43 D 44 C 45 C 46 B 47 D 48 B 49 C 50 C 51 D 52 D 53 D 54 A 55 B 56 C III Mark the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions D D B B D B D D B 10 B IV Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following sentences A B A B A V Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage C B D B B C B A C 10 D VI Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage A C A D C B B C A 10 B VII Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question 1 C D D D A ... day before the following + N the N + after the previous + N the N + before REPORTED SPEECH I Change into the reported speech He said “I have already read this book” ... + N REPORTED SPEECH Simple past Past continuous Past perfect Past perfect Past perfect continuous Future in the past (would/ should) Was/were going to V Could Might Had to Didn’t have to REPORTED. .. DIRECT SPEECH Simple present Present continuous Present perfect Simple past Past continuous Future (will/shall) Near future (be going to V) Can May Must Needn’t * BẢNG LÙI TRẠNG NGỮ DIRECT SPEECH