PASSAGE 11 If we believe that clothing has to with covering the body, and costume with the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular use, then we can say that clothing depend primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile manufacture, whereas costume reflect social factors such as religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate our fellows The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first covered our bodies for some physical reason such as protecting ourselves from the weather elements Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in the case of ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please for the moderns In early history, costume must have fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility, perhaps through some magical significance, investing primitive man with the attributes of other creatures Ornaments identified the wearer with animals, gods, heroes or other men This identification remains symbolic in more sophisticated societies We should bear in mind that the theater has its distant origins in sacred performances, and in all period children at play have worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life Costume helped inspire fear or impose authority For a chieftain, costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman In more recent times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish the wearer and express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen clearly in the judge’s robes and the police officer’s uniform Costume denotes power, and since power is usually equated with wealth, costume came to be an expression of social caste and material prosperity Military uniform denotes rank and is intended to intimidate, to protect the body and to express membership in a group At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory costumes as the convict’s uniform Finally, costume can possess a religious significance that combines various elements: an actual or symbolic identification with a god, the desire to express this in earthly life, and the desire to enhance the wearer’s position of respect Question Psychological reasons for wearing garments include A protection from cold B availability of materials C prevention of illness D wishing to give pleasure Question Why does the author mention the police officer’s uniform? A To identify the wearer with a hero B To illustrate the aesthetic function of costume C To suggest that police are superhuman D To show how costume signifies authority Question The passage mainly discusses costumes in term of its A physical protection B religious significance C social function D beauty and attractiveness Question What is the purpose of the paragraph 1? A To describe the uses of costume B To contrast costume with the clothing C To trade the origins of costume D To point out that clothing developed before costume Question The word “scale” in line 23 refers to A symbolic identification B military rank Page C social position D the balance Question Which of the following would most likely NOT be reflected in a person’s costume, as it is defined in the passage? A Having a heart condition B Playing in a baseball game C Working in a hospital D Participating in a religious ceremony Question It can be inferred from paragraph that A The function of costume has become very sophisticated B Children like to identify with other creature by wearing costumes C Primitive people wore cloths only for sacred performances D Costume no longer fulfills a function beyond simple utility ĐÁP ÁN 1-D 2-D 6-A 7-B 3-C 4-B 5-C LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT Question 1: Lý tâm lý cho việc mặc quần áo gồm: A: Bảo vệ khỏi lạnh B: Nguyên lvaatj liệu có sẵn C: Chống lại bệnh tật D: Muốn có thoải mái Dẫn chứng: Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in the case of ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please for the moderns Question 2: Tại tác giả lại đề cập đến đồng phục cảnh sát ? A: Để xác định người mặc anh hùng B: Để minh họa cho chức thẩm mỹ trang phục C: Ý nói cảnh sát người hùng D: Thế trang phục tượng trưng cho quyền Dẫn chứng: In more recent times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish the wearer and express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen clearly in the judge’s robes and the police officer’s uniform Question 3: Đoạn văn chủ yếu nói khía cạnh trang phuc? A: Sự bảo vệ mang tính vật lý B: Ý nghĩa tâm linh C: Chức xã hội D: Vẻ đẹp hấp dẫn Page Dẫn chứng: , whereas costume reflect social factors such as religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate our fellows Question 4: Mục đích đoạn là? A: Miêu tả chức trang phục B: So sánh trang phục với quần áo thông thường C: Thương mại hóa nguồn gốc trang phục D: Chỉ quần áo phát triển trước trang phục Question 5: Từ “scale” dòng 23 ? A: Xác định biểu tượng B: Bậc quân hàm C: Vị trí xã hội D: Sự cân Dẫn chứng: At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory costumes as the convict’s uniform Scale = social position: giai cấp, vị trí xã hội Question 6: Cái sau khơng có khả phản ánh trang phục nói đoạn văn ? A: Có vấn đề tim B: Chơi bóng chày C: Làm việc bệnh viện D: Tham gia vào buổi lễ tôn giáo Question 7: A: Chức trang phục vô phức tạp B: Trẻ thích phân biệt với người khác việc mặc trang phục C: Người nguyên thủy mặc quần áo buổi biểu diễn thiêng liêng D: Trang phục chkhoog có chức ngồi tiện ích đơn giản Dẫn chứng: We should bear in mind that the theater has its distant origins in sacred performances, and in all period children at play have worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life Page ... the following would most likely NOT be reflected in a person’s costume, as it is defined in the passage? A Having a heart condition B Playing in a baseball game C Working in a hospital D Participating