Đối với một số động từ có 2 tân ngữ thì 1 trong 2 tân ngữ có thể làm chử ngữ của câu bị động; tuy nhiên tân ngữ chỉ người thường được dùng nhiều hơn.. Ex: He sent me a postcard.[r]
(1)THE PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG) I Công thức chung : BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (PP = V-ed/V3) II Công thức thì: TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE The simple present S + V(s/es/o) S+ am/is/are+3/ed The pre Continuous S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S+am/is/are/+being+3/ed The present perfect S + have/ has + V 3/ed S+ have/has+ been+3/ed The simple past S + V2/ V-ed S+ was/were+3/ed The past continuous S + was/ were + V- ing S+ was/were+being+3/ed The past perfect S + had + 3/ed S+ had+been+3/ed The simple future S + will/ shall + V-0 S+ will/shall+be+3/ed The near future S+am/ is/are going to+ V-0 S+am/is/are going to+be+3/ed The Modal verbs S + can, could, shall, should, may, might, S + can/could/may… + be + 3/ed must, have to, ought to +V-0 III Quy tắc chuyên sang câu bị động: Xác định S, V, O câu chủ động Lấy tân ngữ (O) câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ (S) câu bị động Xem động từ chính câu chủ động chia thì nào thì chia động từ to be câu bị động thì đó và biến đổi động từ chính câu chủ động dạng quá khứ phân từ (past participle) câu bị động Lấy chủ ngữ (S) câu chủ động làm bổ túc từ (O) câu bị động và viết giới từ by đằng trước bổ tức từ đó IV Cấu trúc : Chủ động : S V O Bị động :S ( BY + O) ( BE + PP) V Examples: My mother has made that cake S V O That cake has been made by my mother VI Các trường hợp cần lưu ý: S câu chủ động là đại từ nhân xưng ( he, she, you, they, we ) và các từ như: someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, thì lượt bỏ by O câu bị động không muốn nêu rõ tác nhân Ex: Someone has sent me the flowers I have been sent the flowers Trạng từ nơi chốn đứng trước “by + O” Ex: The police found him in the foresst He was found in the forest by the police Trạng từ thời gian đứng sau “by + O” Ex: Mr Brown bought the house last week The house was bought by Mr Brown last week Trạng từ thể cách đứng “BE + PP” Ex: The boss has treated them badly They have been badly treated by the boss (2) Đối với số động từ có tân ngữ thì tân ngữ có thể làm chử ngữ câu bị động; nhiên tân ngữ người thường dùng nhiều Ex: He sent me a postcard I was sent a postcard A postcard was sent to me Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence Tea _ to Japan from China in 1191 A took B is taken C has taken D was taken Sometimes mistakes _ It’s inevitable A are made B are making C make D have made A lot of rice _ in South-East Asia today A grow B grew C is grown D growing Five hundred people _ from their homes up to now A have evacuated B have been evacuated C were evacuating D have been evacuating English _ by most people in the world A speaks B is spoken C spoke D is speaking Peter and Tom _ in an accident yesterday A is hurt B is hurted C were hurt D were hurted South Florida and HawaiI _ by a hurricane A is hit B have been hit C have are hit D has been hit We can’t go along here because the road _ A is repairing B is repaired C is being repaired D repairs I’m going to go out and _ A have cut my hair B have my hair cut C cut my hair D my hair be cut 10 We _ by a loud noise during the night A woke up B are woken up C were woken up D were waking up Change these sentences into passive voice 1.My father waters this flower every morning This flower is watered (by my father) every morning Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen The dinner is being prepared (by her mother) in the kitchen We should clean our teeth twice a day Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day Did Mary buy this beautiful dress? Was this beautiful dress bought by Mary? The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning The secretary wasn’t phoned (by the manager) this morning Mark a, b, c, or d to show the underlined part that needs correction in each question We were surprising by the results of the test A B C D The first postage stamps issued in New York City in 1842 A B C D The music on a compact disc is recording by lasers A B C D (3)