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IEEE Hyderabad Section Joint Chapter of PES/IAS Societies (www.ewh.ieee.org/r10/hyderabad/pesias) Talk on SCADA and Distribution Automation By Dr NDR Sarma 10th March 2006 Venue: NTPC Conference Hall, Secunderabad Typical Power System Generating Plant Step-up transformers Circuit breakers Generation System Transmission System Transmission System Transformers in Bulk power substations Dispersed Storage and generation (DSG) Distribution System • substations • transformers • circuit breakers • feeders • sectionalizing switches • capacitor banks • voltage regulators • DSGs • customers - HT customers - LT customers Solar or Wind Sources (100KW to 1MW) Sub-transmission system Distribution substation DSG Threephase Primary feeders Sectionalizing switch Battery or Fuel cells, to 25 MW Capacitor bank Primary circuits Distribution Transformer Industry DSG Photovoltaic Power supply, up to 100 KW Home Voltage Regulator Sub-Station Transformer Incoming feeders Outgoing feeders Distribution Transformer Location Distribution Transformer (1-Ph) Location Switch at a DT Switch on a 11kV feeder Power System connectivity 17.6/220 kV Sub-station 220kV Lines EHV substations 220/33 kV Sub-station 33 kV lines Industry at 33 kV 11 kV lines (feeders) Distribution substations 33/11 kV Sub-station Distribution Transformer 11/ 0.4 kV Industry at 11 kV Customers (Domestic, Commercial, Agricultural) Why Distribution Automation ? Benefits - Tangible - Intangible Tangible Benefits Substation Automation Reduction in Capital Expenditure due to: • Deferment of additional substation facilities • Effective utilization of substation facilities Reduction in O&M Costs of Breaker switching for: • Routine Operations • Non-Routine Operations Reduction in O&M Costs of LTC Operation for: • Routine LTC Operations • Non-Routine Operations Reduction in O&M Costs for: • Routine Relay Testing • Relay Setting Reduction in O&M Costs of: • Routine Data Collection • Non-Routine Data Collection • Data Analysis • Testing of Data Logging Devices • Repair of Data Logging Devices Feeder Automation Customer interface Automation Reduction in Capital Expenditure due to: • Deferment of additional feeders • Effective utilization of existing feeders Reduction in O&M Costs of: • Regular Meter Reading • Reprogramming of Meters • Service Connect/Disconnect • Processing of Customer Claims Reduction in O&M Costs of: • Fault Location and Isolation • Service Restoration • Routine Switching Operations • Recloser Setting • Recloser Testing • Data Collection • Data Analysis • Feeder Reconfiguration • Capacitor Banks Inspection Increased Revenue Due to: • Reduction of System Peak Load • Tamper Detection to Reduce Electricity Theft • Reduced Payments for Customer Claims Increased Revenue Due to: • Loss Reduction due to Feeder Reconfiguration • Loss Reduction due to Capacitor Banks Automation • Faster Service Restoration Summary of cost/benefit Analysis Results (done in 1991) based on tangible benefits Function Category Substation Automation Feeder Automation Customer interface Automation Present Value of benefits ($) 177,393 423,260 2,913,258 Present Value of costs ($) 166,764 555,000 10,934,353 Benefit/Cost Ratio 1.06 0.76 0.27 Details of the area : 32,000 customers with electric and gas meters with a mix of 53 % residential, % commercial 37% industrial and 2% agricultural Peak demand : 124 MW Area served by three major substations (230/21 kV, 115/12 kV, 60/12 kV) with 13 primary feeders circuits (eleven 12kV and two 21kV) in the area David L Brown, et al., “Prospects For Distribution Automation at Pacific Gas & Electric Company”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol 6, No 4, October 1991, pp 1946-1954 Intangible Benefits Benefit Category Substation Automation Customer interface Feeder Automation Automation Improved Service Reliability Applicable Applicable Not Applicable Improved Customer Satisfaction Applicable Applicable Applicable Improved Public Safety Applicable Applicable Not Applicable Better Information for Engineering and Planning Applicable Applicable Applicable Strategic or Marketing Advantages Applicable Applicable Applicable Improved Public Image Not Applicable Not Applicable Applicable Gachibowli DA Project • Technology Development Project supported by DoE, Govt of India • Involves all aspects of DA - Substation Automation - Feeder Automation - Customer Automation • Funding - Department of Electronics Control Center, Development efforts - APSEB Field Equipment, Communication System, Specifications - CMC Specifications, Design and Development, Implementation 1.Ch Narasimha Murthy, KV Raju, A Ramakoteswara Rao, N Balakrishna Reddy, NDR Sarma, P Vani, Sanjay J Mali, Jhuma Nath, KJ Babu Narayanan, "Gachibowli Distribution Automation", Proceedings, DA/DSM Asia '96, New Delhi, India, 17-19 Sept 1996, Vol 5, pp 31-40 NDR Sarma, "Rapid Growth Leads to System Automation Efforts", Transmission and Distribution World, Sept, 1997 DA System for Tiruvanthapuram City • Automates the 11 kV Distribution Network of Tiruvanthapuram City - Three substations (110/66/11kV) - Distributed Nodes in the field • Functions - 11kV Network Monitoring and Control - Feeder Reconfiguration - Distributed Network Display (GIS) - Load Flow Analysis (voltage profile/losses, etc) - Short term load Forecast - Optimum Feeder segmentation DA System at IIT Kanpur Campus • Technology Development Project • Automates the complete campus Distribution Network • Retrofitting was done to monitor and control the existing components of the system Hyderabad DA Project • • • • 20 EHV (220/132 kV) substations 110 Medium voltage (33/11 kV) substations Covers about 1555 sq km area Municipal corporation, municipalities, about 316 villages • Covers Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy and Medak districts • Executed by ABB Hyderabad DA Project Hyderabad DA Project (Contd) Summary • What is Distribution Automation ? Monitor, Control, Decision support tools • How you Distribution Automation ? SCADA and Application Functions • How we SCADA ? Hardware Components, Software Components • Why Distribution Automation ? Tangible and Intangible benefits • Some DA Projects Further Reading…… References Turan Gonen, “Electric Power Distribution System Engineering”, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986, Chapter 1, pp 1-36 David L Brown, James W Skeen, Parkash Daryani, Farrokh A Rahimi, “Prospects For Distribution Automation at Pacific Gas & Electric Company”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol 6, No 4, October 1991, pp 1946-1954 NDR Sarma, “ Rapid Growth Leads to System Automation Efforts”, Transmission and Distribution World, Sept, 1997 http://industryclick.com/Magazinearticle.asp?magazineid=108&magazinearticleid=55966&releaseid=4707&siteid=14 QUESTIONS QUESTIONS QUESTIONS QUESTIONS ndrsarma@ieee.org ... performance • SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) • Application Functions SCADA What ? How ? Why ? SCADA SCADA How ? SCADA SCADA Features Hardware Components Software Components SCADA. .. typical city Distribution s/s IT Applications to Power • Power System Operation and Control - Power Plant Automation - Energy Management Systems - Distribution Automation - GIS Applications Distribution. .. DSG Photovoltaic Power supply, up to 100 KW Home Voltage Regulator Sub-Station Transformer Incoming feeders Outgoing feeders Distribution Transformer Location Distribution Transformer (1-Ph) Location