Tài liệu Electronics docx

Introduction Introduction • Electronics may be defined as the science and technology of electronic devices and systems. • Electronic devices are primarily non-linear devices such as diodes and transistors and in general integrated circuits (ICs) in which small signals (voltages and currents) are applied to them. Of course, electronic systems may include resistors, capacitors and inductors as well. Because resistors, capacitors and inductors existed long ago before the advent of semiconductor diodes and transistors, these devices are thought of as electrical devices and the systems that consist of these devices are generally said to be electrical rather than electronic systems. As we know, with today’s technology, ICs are getting smaller and smaller and thus the modern IC technology is referred to as microelectronics. 1. The voltage associated with a circuit element is the energy transferred per unit of charge that flows through the element. The units of voltage are volts (V), which are equivalent to joules per coulomb (J/C). 2. Electrical current is the time rate of flow of electrical charge through a conductor or circuit element. The units are amperes (A), which are equivalent to coulombs per second (C/s). POWER AND ENERGY Conductance Gvi R G = = 1 ∫ = = 2 1 )( )()()( t t dttpw titvtp KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW • The net current entering a node is zero. • Alternatively, the sum of the currents entering a node equals the sum of the currents leaving a node. KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW The algebraic sum of the voltages equals zero for any closed path (loop) in an electrical circuit. Signals and Signal Classifications . Introduction Introduction • Electronics may be defined as the science and technology of electronic devices. smaller and smaller and thus the modern IC technology is referred to as microelectronics. 1. The voltage associated with a circuit element is the energy